Copyright
©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on COVID-19 hospitalizations: A propensity-matched analysis of the United States
Abdullah Sohail, Hassam Ali, Pratik Patel, Subanandhini Subramanium, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Amir H Sohail, Manesh Kumar Gangwani, Sanjaya K Satapathy
Abdullah Sohail, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA 52242, United States
Hassam Ali, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, East Carolina University/Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
Pratik Patel, Department of Gastroenterology, Mather Hospital/Hofstra University Zucker School of Medicine, NY, 11777, United States
Subanandhini Subramanium, Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Motility, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
Amir H Sohail, Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States
Manesh Kumar Gangwani, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
Sanjaya K Satapathy, Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
Author contributions: Sohail A, Ali H, Patel P, Dahiya DS, and Sohail AH were involved in the study's conception, design, data collection, results interpretation, initial drafting, and substantial revisions for the manuscript's intellectual content; Gangwani MK and Subramanium S played key roles in analyzing data, interpreting findings, and contributing to the manuscript's draft; Satapathy SK provided significant manuscript enhancements through thoughtful revisions and relevant suggestions; Furthermore, all authors engaged in a review, modification, and final approval of the manuscript, ensuring responsibility for every aspect of the work.
Institutional review board statement: The National Inpatient Sample is an anonymized database at the hospital level managed by a third party. It is specifically designed to maintain the confidentiality of patients, healthcare providers, and medical institutions. Since the data related to hospitalizations is devoid of any personal identifiers of patients, the requirement for patient consent was exempted from this study. Additionally, the nature of this de-identified data negated the need for approval from an institutional review board.
Informed consent statement: The National Inpatient Sample is an anonymized database at the hospital level, managed by a third party. It is specifically designed to maintain the confidentiality of patients, healthcare providers, and medical institutions. Since the data related to hospitalizations is devoid of any personal identifiers of patients, the requirement for patient consent was exempted for this study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors of this article declare that they have no conflict of interest to report. None of the authors have received any fees for serving as speakers, consultants, or advisory board members for any organizations. There has been no receipt of research funding from any organizations. Additionally, none of the authors are employees of any organizations that may have an interest in the subject matter of this study.
Data sharing statement: Not available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Abdullah Sohail, MD, Assistant Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa, IA 52242, United States. abdullahsohailmd@gmail.com
Received: December 24, 2023
Peer-review started: December 24, 2023
First decision: January 11, 2024
Revised: January 2, 2024
Accepted: February 6, 2024
Article in press: February 6, 2024
Published online: March 25, 2024
Processing time: 78 Days and 9.3 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
This study focused on the impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on the severity and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalizations. MASLD, formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is becoming increasingly prevalent and has been linked to more severe infectious diseases.
Research motivation
This study was motivated by a lack of comprehensive nationwide data on the relationship between the MASLD and COVID-19 outcomes in the United States. Previous studies have often been limited in scope, highlighting the need for more extensive research in this area.
Research objectives
The primary objective of this study was to analyze the impact of MASLD on the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalizations, particularly assessing the rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, septic shock, and mortality in the United States.
Research methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample 2020 database. This study utilized propensity score matching to compare COVID-19 hospitalizations with and without MASLD, controlling for demographics and comorbidities.
Research results
The study found that patients have a higher rate of severe COVID-19 outcomes, such as increased ICU admissions, need for mechanical ventilation, and septic shock. However, no significant difference in mortality rate was observed between patients with and without MASLD.
Research conclusions
MASLD is associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 complications but does not necessarily correlate with higher mortality. This finding is vital for healthcare providers in managing high-risk patient groups.
Research perspectives
Future research should investigate the genetic factors influencing MASLD's impact on COVID-19 to identify specific genetic markers that predict severe outcomes. This could lead to more personalized healthcare strategies and inform public health policies, particularly for high-risk groups. Further studies are needed to explore the economic impact and develop effective treatment protocols for MASLD patients with COVID-19.
