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Zhou L, Zhong Y, Han L, Xie Y, Wan M. Global, regional, and national trends in the burden of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer: insights from the global burden of disease study 1990-2021. Sci Rep 2025; 15:5996. [PMID: 39966563 PMCID: PMC11836239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-90485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
This study examines global, regional, and national trends in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) burden from 1990 to 2021, their socioeconomic associations, and projects future trends. Data was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, focusing on malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Joinpoint regression, age-period-cohort modeling, and decomposition analysis were used to assess temporal trends. The Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) was applied to examine the correlation between skin cancer burden and socioeconomic development, and ARIMA models forecasted future trends. The global burden of skin cancers has shown significant growth over the study period, with the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) rising globally (Estimated Annual Percentage Change, EAPC = 1.94%) from 1990 to 2021. This increase was particularly pronounced for BCC and SCC, while the melanoma DALYs rate declined (EAPC = -0.67%). In 2021, the most recent year covered, the global incidence of skin cancers was 6.64 million cases, with an ASIR of 77.66 per 100,000 and a disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) burden of 2.89 million cases. Significant geographic disparities were observed, with Australasia and North America reporting the highest ASIR, while middle-SDI regions exhibited rapid increases. Skin cancer incidence is rising globally, driven by demographic changes, increased UV exposure, and improved detection. The burden of melanoma has decreased, which may be related to advances in treatment. Targeted prevention, equitable access to care, and tailored regional strategies are crucial to mitigating the growing impact of skin cancers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Han
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaojian Wan
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
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Tan MJT, Kasireddy HR, Satriya AB, Abdul Karim H, AlDahoul N. Health is beyond genetics: on the integration of lifestyle and environment in real-time for hyper-personalized medicine. Front Public Health 2025; 12:1522673. [PMID: 39839379 PMCID: PMC11747366 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1522673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myles Joshua Toledo Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines
- Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines
- Yo-Vivo Corporation, Bacolod, Philippines
| | - Harishwar Reddy Kasireddy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation – Quantitative Health Section, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alfredo Bayu Satriya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hezerul Abdul Karim
- Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nouar AlDahoul
- Department of Computer Science, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Ali A, Shaikh A, Sethi I, Surani S. Climate change and the emergence and exacerbation of infectious diseases: A review. World J Virol 2024; 13:96476. [PMID: 39722757 PMCID: PMC11551687 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i4.96476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Experts expressed severe concerns over the possibility of increasing burden of infectious diseases as the planet's climate began to change years ago. There have been increased rates of climate-related catastrophes and as global temperatures rise, emergence of certain viruses has become a serious concern. Vectors are susceptible to changing temperatures as they exhibit innate responses to thermal stress to increase survivability. Climate change impacts virus reservoirs, increasing transmission rates of vectors. Vector-borne diseases have already witnessed increasing numbers compared to before. Certain non-endemic areas are encountering their first-ever infectious disease cases due to increasing temperatures. Tick-borne diseases are undergoing transformations provoking a heightened prevalence. Food-borne illnesses are expected to increase owing to warmer temperatures. It is important to recognize that climate change has a multivariable impact on the transmission of viruses. With climate change comes the potential of increasing interspecies interactions promoting jumps. These factors must be considered, and an informed strategy must be formulated. Adaptation and mitigation strategies are required to curb these diseases from spreading. Despite significant evidence that climate change affects infectious diseases, gaps in research exist. We conducted this review to identify the potential role climate change plays in the emergence of new viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ali
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Asim Shaikh
- Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Imran Sethi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Marion General Hospital, Marion, IN 46952, United States
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Medicine & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Nairobi 30270, Nairobi City, Kenya
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Adun H, Ampah JD, Dagbasi M. Transitioning Toward a Zero-Emission Electricity Sector in a Net-Zero Pathway for Africa Delivers Contrasting Energy, Economic and Sustainability Synergies Across the Region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:15522-15538. [PMID: 39171721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Although Africa contributes less than 5% to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, its role in global climate action is pivotal. To date, 53 African countries have submitted their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and four have committed to a net-zero target. However, many of Africa's NDCs are vaguely expressed and without specific focus on explicit sectoral decarbonization targets. Furthermore, Africa's huge land-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) potential remains unclear in the context of enabling net-zero (NZ) emissions within the continent. This study achieves two objectives: Under a NZ GHG emission trajectory in Africa, we uncover the implications of a targeted zero-emission electricity sector by 2030, on the energy landscape and other sustainability factors. This study also features the role of land-based biological removal methods─bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and afforestation/reforestation (A/R)─in net zero actualization in Africa. Our results reveal a unified but disparate actualisation of the mid-century net zero emission goal across the continent, as all regions except North Africa achieve carbon neutrality. The industrial sector faces significant difficulties in transitioning and contributes substantially to positive emissions on the continent, with its share of total residual emissions reaching 49-64% by 2050. This difficulty persists even with targeted sectoral decarbonization of the electricity sector, although it is significantly reduced by the availability of BECCS as a CDR option. Under the zero-emission electricity pathway, emissions in buildings and transport sectors are reduced due to rapid electrification. A trade-off emerges in the net zero pathway concerning land allocation for negative emissions versus other land use activities. A key result shows that achieving a net zero target in Africa leads to a cumulative loss of $102 billion in fossil fuel infrastructure within the electricity sector by mid-century, which doubles when the zero-emission electricity goal is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Adun
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey
| | - Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Mustafa Dagbasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cyprus International University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey
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Akakpo MG, Hagan S, Bokpin HA. Climate Change and Health: Perspectives From Ghana. GEOHEALTH 2024; 8:e2024GH001030. [PMID: 39132637 PMCID: PMC11316442 DOI: 10.1029/2024gh001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is impacting many aspects of human life in many ways. In Ghana, climate change knowledge remains low and discussions linking climate change and health are scarce. In this paper, authors contribute to the shaping of discussions about climate and health with a focus on how climate change increases certain ailments. First, the paper addresses the need for research in Ghanaian communities to link climate change and health. Second, the paper suggests the development of policies to address the link. Third, public health educators are advised in this paper to educate the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gameli Akakpo
- Department of PsychologyRegent University College of Science and TechnologyAccraGhana
| | - Sylvia Hagan
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
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Watson TPG, Tong M, Bailie J, Ekanayake K, Bailie RS. Relationship between climate change and skin cancer and implications for prevention and management: a scoping review. Public Health 2024; 227:243-249. [PMID: 38262229 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the published research on the relationship between climate change and skin cancer and the implications for prevention, management and further research. STUDY DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS This scoping review following JBI methodology reviewed English articles identified in searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus on 14 April 2023. The screening of articles was completed by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted by a single reviewer and checked by another. A causal pathway diagram was iteratively developed throughout the review and was used to categorise the findings. RESULTS The search identified 1376 papers, of which 45 were included in the final review. Nine papers reported primary research, and 36 papers were reviews, perspectives, commentaries, editorials, or essays. The papers examined climate change influencing behaviours related to ultraviolet exposure (30 papers), ambient temperature (21 papers) and air pollution (five papers) as possible risk factors; occupational, rural, and contextual factors affecting skin cancer (11 papers); and prevention and access to health care in the context of climate change (seven papers). Most papers were published in journals in subject areas other than health. CONCLUSIONS This review identified ultraviolet radiation, occupation, rising temperature, individual behaviour and air pollution as possible influences on skin cancer rates. Furthermore, it highlights the complexity and uncertainties in the relationship between climate change and skin cancer and the need for further research on this relationship, including primary epidemiological research and reviews that follow recognised review guidelines and include assessment of health services and social determinants in the causal pathways of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P G Watson
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia; University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia
| | - M Tong
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - J Bailie
- University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - K Ekanayake
- University of Sydney Library, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - R S Bailie
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.
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Hannah E, Etter-Phoya R, Lopez M, Hall S, O’Hare B. Impact of higher-income countries on child health in lower-income countries from a climate change perspective. A case study of the UK and Malawi. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002721. [PMID: 38175830 PMCID: PMC10766172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is the number one threat to child health according to the World Health Organisation. It increases existing inequalities, and lower-income countries are disproportionately affected. This is unjust. Higher-income countries have contributed and continue to contribute more to climate change than lower-income countries. This has been recognised by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, which has ruled that states can be held responsible if their carbon emissions harm child rights both within and outside their jurisdiction. Nevertheless, there are few analyses of the bilateral relationship between higher- and lower-income countries concerning climate change. This article uses the UK and Malawi as a case study to illustrate higher-income countries' impact on child health in lower-income countries. It aims to assist higher-income countries in developing more targeted policies. Children in Malawi can expect more food insecurity and reduced access to clean water, sanitation, and education. They will be more exposed to heat stress, droughts, floods, air pollution and life-threatening diseases, such as malaria. In 2019, 5,000 Malawian children died from air pollution (17% of under-five deaths). The UK needs to pay its 'fair share' of climate finance and ensure adaptation is prioritised for lower-income countries. It can advocate for more equitable and transparent allocation of climate finance to support the most vulnerable countries. Additionally, the UK can act domestically to curtail revenue losses in Malawi and other lower-income countries, which would free up resources for adaptation. In terms of mitigation, the UK must increase its nationally determined commitments by 58% to reach net zero and include overseas emissions. Land use, heating systems and renewable energy must be reviewed. It must mandate comprehensive scope three emission reporting for companies to include impacts along their value chain, and support businesses, multinational corporations, and banks to reach net zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilish Hannah
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Etter-Phoya
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- Tax Justice Network, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Marisol Lopez
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Hall
- School of Economics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernadette O’Hare
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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8
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Rony MKK, Alamgir HM. High temperatures on mental health: Recognizing the association and the need for proactive strategies-A perspective. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1729. [PMID: 38059052 PMCID: PMC10696165 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The influence of temperature on various aspects of daily life is often underestimated, and its effects on mental health are not widely recognized. Understanding and addressing the relationship between temperature and mental well-being is crucial in the context of climate change and rising global temperatures. This perspective aimed to investigate the effects of high temperatures on mental health and identify proactive strategies to mitigate these effects. Methods This perspective adopted a twofold approach, including a comprehensive literature review and socioecological framework. The literature review involved extensive searches across Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus to identify relevant, peer-reviewed articles, and reports from diverse disciplines. Results The perspective emphasized the significance of recognizing heat stress and its consequences on mental well-being. Chronic heat stress can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Vulnerable populations include, the very young, older adults, and individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions. Socioeconomic factors can further exacerbate vulnerability, highlighting the need for tailored strategies to manage mental health challenges during high temperatures. Additionally, the article identified and discussed proactive coping strategies to minimize both the psychological and physical impacts of heat stress. Mindfulness, stress management techniques, and therapy are suggested as effective means for individuals to manage psychological distress. Conclusion Implementing preventive measures are essential steps in promoting mental wellness in high temperatures. Proactive strategies by addressing the physiological and psychological effects of heat and considering the specific needs of vulnerable populations can help individuals and communities navigate the challenges posed by rising temperatures and promote resilience and preserve their mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustaq Karim Khan Rony
- Department of Public HealthBangladesh Open UniversityGazipurBangladesh
- Department of Institute of Social Welfare and ResearchUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
| | - Hasnat M. Alamgir
- Department of Career & Professional Development Services (CPDS)Southeast UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Heydari A, Partovi P, Zarezadeh Y, Yari A. Exploring medical students' perceptions and understanding of the health impacts of climate change: a qualitative content analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:774. [PMID: 37853406 PMCID: PMC10585725 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change has been identified as the greatest threat to global health in the twenty-first century, with its unfavorable health consequences being among its impacts on humans. Exploring the perspectives and understanding of healthcare professionals and service providers concerning climate change becomes imperative. The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions and understanding of final-year medical students regarding the health impacts of climate change on individuals and the healthcare system using a qualitative content analysis. METHODS This study employed a qualitative content analysis approach. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the aid of an interview guide to explore the students' awareness, understanding, and attitudes towards the impacts of climate change on public health and the healthcare system. The collected interview data were subsequently organized into codes, categories, and subcategories based on the students' perspectives and attitudes towards climate change. RESULTS Fifteen medical intern students were interviewed for this study, and the qualitative findings were categorized into 3 categories, 23 subcategories, and 229 codes. The study's findings revealed various health impacts of climate change, which were classified into three main categories, including environmental effects with 8 subcategories, socio-economic effects with 8 subcategories, and health effects with 7 subcategories. The study's findings revealed medical students' perceptions of various health impacts of climate change and These findings suggest that medical student understand that climate change has significant impacts on individuals' health and society, mainly through environmental degradation, increased risks, and climate-related disasters, which ultimately lead to adverse health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The perspectives of medical students in this study indicate that climate change may not have a direct and immediate impact on the health of individuals and communities. However, it can significantly influence their health and socio-economic well-being by exacerbating or causing environmental problems, increasing the risk of weather-related events and natural disasters, ultimately leading to adverse health outcomes. While the medical students' perspectives on the health impacts of climate change are indeed broad, incorporating scientific knowledge about this topic into the medical curriculum and educating students on how to deal with patients affected by these consequences can have a significant impact on health management. This proactive approach, despite the students' already comprehensive understanding, can enhance their preparedness to address the health effects of climate change and contribute to strengthening the healthcare system's resilience in the face of climate-related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Heydari
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Peyman Partovi
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yadolah Zarezadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Arezoo Yari
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Braun M, Andersen LK, Norton SA, Coates SJ. Dengue: updates for dermatologists on the world's fastest-growing vector-borne disease. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:1110-1120. [PMID: 37306140 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the world's fastest-growing vector borne disease and has significant epidemic potential in suitable climates. Recent disease models incorporating climate change scenarios predict geographic expansion across the globe, including parts of the United States and Europe. It will be increasingly important in the next decade for dermatologists to become familiar with dengue, as it commonly manifests with rashes, which can be used to aid diagnosis. In this review, we discuss dengue for general dermatologists, specifically focusing on its cutaneous manifestations, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. As dengue continues to spread in both endemic and new locations, dermatologists may have a larger role in the timely diagnosis and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Braun
- Department of Dermatology, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Louise K Andersen
- Department of Dermatology, Aleris-Hamlet Private Hospital, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Scott A Norton
- Departments of Dermatology and Preventive Medicine & Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah J Coates
- Department of Dermatology, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Belzer A, Parker ER. Climate Change, Skin Health, and Dermatologic Disease: A Guide for the Dermatologist. Am J Clin Dermatol 2023:10.1007/s40257-023-00770-y. [PMID: 37336870 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has a pervasive impact on health and is of clinical relevance to every organ system. Climate change-related factors impact the skin's capacity to maintain homeostasis, leading to a variety of cutaneous diseases. Stratospheric ozone depletion has led to increased risk of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas due to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pemphigus, acne vulgaris, melasma, and photoaging are all associated with rising levels of air pollution. Elevated temperatures due to global warming induce disruption of the skin microbiome, thereby impacting atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and psoriasis, and high temperatures are associated with exacerbation of skin disease and increased risk of heat stroke. Extreme weather events due to climate change, including floods and wildfires, are of relevance to the dermatologist as these events are implicated in cutaneous injuries, skin infections, and acute worsening of inflammatory skin disorders. The health consequences as well as the economic and social burden of climate change fall most heavily on vulnerable and marginalized populations due to structural disparities. As dermatologists, understanding the interaction of climate change and skin health is essential to appropriately manage dermatologic disease and advocate for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Belzer
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eva Rawlings Parker
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 719 Thompson Lane, Suite 26-300, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA.
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12
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Sadozai SK, Khan SA, Baseer A, Ullah R, Zeb A, Schneider M. In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Evaluation of Nanoparticle-Based Topical Formulation Against Candida albicans Infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909851. [PMID: 35873577 PMCID: PMC9304580 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketoconazole is commonly used in the treatment of topical fungal infections. The therapy requires frequent application for several weeks. Systemic side effects, allergic reactions, and prolonged treatment are often associated with non-compliance and therapy failure. Hence, we developed an optimized topical antifungal gel that can prolong the release of drug, reduce systemic absorption, enhance its therapeutic effect, and improve patient compliance. Ketoconazole-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by the emulsion/solvent evaporation method and were characterized with respect to colloidal properties, surface morphology, and drug entrapment efficiency. The optimized ketoconazole-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and commercially available silver nanoparticles were incorporated into a Carbopol 934P-NF gel base. This arrangement was characterized and compared with commercially available 2% ketoconazole cream to assess physical characteristics of the gel, in vitro drug release, ex vivo skin permeation and retention, and in vivo studies on Wister male albino rats. The results showed that polymeric PLGA nanoparticles were very effective in extending the release of ketoconazole in our optimized formulation. Nanoparticles were smooth, spherical in shape, and below 200 nm in size which is consistent with the data obtained from light scattering and SEM images. The ex vivo data showed that our gel formulation could strongly reduce drug permeation through the skin, and more than 60% of the drug was retained on the upper surface of the skin in contrast to 38.42% of the commercial cream. The in vivo studies showed that gel formulation could effectively treat the infection. This study demonstrates that our topical gel could be effective in sustaining the release of drug and suggests its potential use as a possible strategy to combat antifungal-resistant Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Khan Sadozai
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Saeed Ahmad Khan, ; Marc Schneider,
| | - Abdul Baseer
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rooh Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- *Correspondence: Saeed Ahmad Khan, ; Marc Schneider,
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Mora C, McKenzie T, Gaw IM, Dean JM, von Hammerstein H, Knudson TA, Setter RO, Smith CZ, Webster KM, Patz JA, Franklin EC. Over half of known human pathogenic diseases can be aggravated by climate change. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2022; 12:869-875. [PMID: 35968032 PMCID: PMC9362357 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-022-01426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
It is relatively well accepted that climate change can affect human pathogenic diseases; however, the full extent of this risk remains poorly quantified. Here we carried out a systematic search for empirical examples about the impacts of ten climatic hazards sensitive to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on each known human pathogenic disease. We found that 58% (that is, 218 out of 375) of infectious diseases confronted by humanity worldwide have been at some point aggravated by climatic hazards; 16% were at times diminished. Empirical cases revealed 1,006 unique pathways in which climatic hazards, via different transmission types, led to pathogenic diseases. The human pathogenic diseases and transmission pathways aggravated by climatic hazards are too numerous for comprehensive societal adaptations, highlighting the urgent need to work at the source of the problem: reducing GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Mora
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Tristan McKenzie
- Department of Earth Sciences, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabella M. Gaw
- Marine Biology Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Dean
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Hannah von Hammerstein
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Tabatha A. Knudson
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Renee O. Setter
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Charlotte Z. Smith
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Kira M. Webster
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Jonathan A. Patz
- Nelson Institute & Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Erik C. Franklin
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
- Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI USA
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14
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Mieczkowska K, Stringer T, Barbieri JS, Williams M, Rosenbach M. Surveying the Attitudes of Dermatologists Regarding Climate Change. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:748-750. [PMID: 34787308 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change affects our environment through higher temperatures, poorer air quality, polluted waters, and increased extreme weather events. These changes in our environment negatively influence the health of the population.1 The integument is not spared by climate change. Higher temperatures, decreased ozone protection, increased airborne pollutants, and decreased ultraviolet (UV) protection can cause flares of atopic dermatitis, pemphigus, lupus, and other inflammatory diseases, and increase rates of skin cancer.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mieczkowska
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - T Stringer
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - J S Barbieri
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Williams
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Rosenbach
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Larson PS, Ono M, Changoma M, Goto K, Kaneko S, Moji K, Minakawa N. Presence of dogs and proximity to a wildlife reserve increase household level risk of tungiasis in Kwale, Kenya. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:54. [PMID: 34225821 PMCID: PMC8256484 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tungiasis is a ectopic skin disease caused by some species of fleas in the Tunga genus, most notably T. penetrans. The disease afflicts poor and marginalized communities in developing countries. Transmission of tungiasis comprises a complex web of factors including domesticated animals and wildlife. This research explores animal and environmental risk factors for tungiasis in an area adjacent to a wildlife reserve in Kwale, Kenya. Methods A two-stage complex sampling strategy was used. Households were selected from three areas in and around Kwale Town, Kenya, an area close to the Kenyan Coast. Households were listed as positive if at least one member had tungiasis. Each household was administered a questionnaire regarding tungiasis behaviors, domesticated animal assets, and wild animal species that frequent the peridomiciliary area. Associations of household tungiasis were tests with household and environmental variables using regression methods. Results The study included 319 households. Of these, 41 (12.85%) were found to have at least one person who had signs of tungiasis. There were 295 (92.48%) households that possessed at least one species of domesticated animal. It was reported that wildlife regularly come into the vicinity of the home 90.59% of households. Presence of dogs around the home (OR 3.85; 95% CI 1.84; 8.11) and proximity to the park were associated with increased risk for tungiasis infestation in humans in a multivariate regression model. Conclusions Human tungiasis is a complex disease associated with domesticated and wild animals. Canines in particular appear to be important determinants of household level risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Larson
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) project, Kenya, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan. .,University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Masanobu Ono
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) project, Kenya, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mwatasa Changoma
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) project, Kenya, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan.,Chemi Chemi, Kwale, Kenya
| | - Kensuke Goto
- Division of Health and Safety Sciences Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) project, Kenya, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Moji
- Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health (TMGH), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noboru Minakawa
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) project, Kenya, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
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16
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Silva GS, Rosenbach M. Climate change and dermatology: An introduction to a special topic, for this special issue. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:3-7. [PMID: 32838016 PMCID: PMC7435281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic global climate change is a well-documented phenomenon that has led to average global temperatures climbing to approximately 1 °C above preindustrial (1850-1900) levels, with even higher regional deviations in some areas and significantly increased average warming in densely populated urban centers. In 2018, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change set a threshold of 1.5 °C of average warming (above the preindustrial baseline), beyond which our planet will become significantly less hospitable to human life. However, adverse human health impacts are already occurring due to current levels of global climate change, as summarized by publications such as The Lancet's annual "Countdown on Health and Climate Change," initiated in 2016. The human health impacts of climate change are truly cross-disciplinary, with nearly every medical specialty either already facing or set to face effects. The field of dermatology is not immune to these risks. This special issue of the International Journal of Women's Dermatology is dedicated to the cross section of dermatology and climate change. This initial article will serve as an overview to introduce readers to the topic and to lay the groundwork for the rest of the issue. We are delighted to work with the Women's Dermatological Society and welcome their support for this dedicated issue. Herein, you will read from up-and-coming stars in the field and established experts, including articles on the following key areas: infectious diseases, environmentally friendly office practices, sunscreens and the environment, refugee health, heat-related illness, the effect of air pollution on the skin, the impact of climate change on pediatric dermatology, implications for skin cancer, and skin issues related to flooding and extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve S. Silva
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Misha Rosenbach
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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17
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An Assessment of Public Knowledge and Potential Health Impacts of Global Warming in Ghana. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7804692. [PMID: 33376738 PMCID: PMC7746438 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7804692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is a serious threat to human existence. The relatively higher level of global warming in recent times poses higher health risks to humans, both directly and indirectly. The aim of the study was to investigate public knowledge of global warming and its effects on human health. A nationally representative survey of Ghanaian adults (N = 1130) was conducted from November 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019. Results show that 84.4% of the respondents understood the meaning of global warming. Respondents' perceived causes of global warming include natural processes, deforestation, act of the gods, burning of fossil fuel, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from vehicles and industries. The majority of the respondents (83.4%) indicated that global warming has an impact on human health, while 8.5% indicated that it does not. Majority (78.6%) of the respondents are willing to support efforts to reduce the intensity of global warming. Television (19.1%) and social media (18.6%) were the leading preferred methods for receipt of global warming information. These findings provide useful insights for policy directions. The Government of Ghana and other stakeholders in health should develop a communication strategy to increase and sustain publicity and education of the citizenry on global warming.
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18
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Hiatt RA, Beyeler N. Cancer and climate change. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:e519-e527. [PMID: 33152311 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The acute impact of climate change on human health is receiving increased attention, but little is known or appreciated about the effect of climate change on chronic diseases, particularly cancer. This Review provides a synopsis of what is known about climate change and the exposures it generates relevant to cancer. In the context of the world's cancer burden and the probable direction we could expect to follow in the absence of climate change, this scoping review of the literature summarises the effects that climate change is having on major cancers, from environmental exposures to ultraviolet radiation, air pollution, disruptions in the food and water supply, environmental toxicants, and infectious agents. Finally, we explore the effect of climate change on the possible disruption of health systems that have been essential to cancer control practice. We conclude with potential responses and opportunities for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hiatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Naomi Beyeler
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Andersen LK, Coates SJ, Enbiale W, Boos MD, Dayrit JF, Davis MDP. Climate change perception among dermatologists: an online survey of International Society of Dermatology members. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:e322-e325. [PMID: 32530127 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise K Andersen
- Department of Dermatology, Aleris-Hamlet Private Hospitals, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Sarah J Coates
- Department of Dermatology, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Markus D Boos
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Johannes F Dayrit
- Department of Dermatology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Mark D P Davis
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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20
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el‐Azhary RA. Focus Africa. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:519. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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