Intra-articular transplantation of porcine adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis: A pilot study

Table 1 Clinical scoring system for evaluation of canine osteoarthritis

Criterion	Clinical evaluation	Score
Lameness	Walks normally	1
	Slightly lame when walking	2
	Moderately lame when walking	3
	Severely lame when walking	4
	Reluctant to rise and will not walk more than five paces	5
Joint mobility	Full range of motion	1
	Mild limitation (10%-20%) in range of motion; no crepitus	2
	Mild limitation (10%-20%) in range of motion; with crepitus	3
	Moderate limitation (20%-50%) in range of motion; with crepitus	4
	Severe limitation (> 50%) in range of motion; with crepitus	5
Pain on palpation	None	1
	Mild signs: dog turns head in recognition	2
	Moderate signs: dog pulls limb away	3
	Severe signs: dog vocalizes or becomes aggressive	4
	Dog will not allow palpation	5
Weight-bearing	Equal on all limbs standing and walking	1
	Normal standing; favors affected limb when walking	2
	Partial weight-bearing standing and walking	3
	Partial weight-bearing standing; non-weight-bearing walking	4
	Non-weight-bearing standing and walking	5
Overall score of	Not affected	1
clinical condition	Mildly affected	2
	Moderately affected	3
	Severely affected	4
	Very severely affected	5

Table 2 Scoring system for owner's evaluation of their dog's activity and signs of pain

	Walking	Getting up1	Running	Climbing stairs	Playing or exercising
Activities
No difficulty	1	1	1	1	1
Slight and occasional difficulty	2	2	2	2	2
Frequent slight difficulty	3	3	3	3	3
Constant and obvious difficulty	4	4	4	4	4
Unable to perform	5	5	5	5	5
Signs of pain
No sign of pain	1	1	1	1	1
Occasional pain, but with no link to a specific activity	2	2	2	2	2
Pain after this activity	3	3	3	3	3
Constant pain	4	4	4	4	4

¹From prolonged rest.

Table 3 Patient characteristics

	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3
Breed	Labrador Retriever	Golden Retriever	Beagle
Age (yr)	2	5	2
Sex	Male	Female	Male
Weight (kg)	34	35	14
Joint affected	Left stifle	Left stifle	Right stifle
Disease duration	> 1 yr	5 mo	6 mo

Table 4 Synovial fluid analysis

	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3
Color	Light yellow	Light yellow	Light yellow
Turbidity	Clear	Clear	Clear
Viscosity	> 2.5 cm	> 2.5 cm	< 2.5 cm
Nucleated cell count (/μL)	2160	1088	1433
Neutrophil	2%	2%	10%
Monocyte	22%	0%	20%
Lymphocyte	75%	93%	68%
Macrophage	11%	5%	2%

Table 5 Ground reaction force for all three dogs at all time points

	Pre-injection	2 wk post-injection	6 wk post-injection	12 wk post-injection
Case 1
PVF-experimental limb	54.72	59.52	59.84	59.76
PVF-contralateral limb	66.02	63.53	65.89	68.67
VI-experimental limb	7.3	8.3	8.4	8.3
VI-contralateral limb	8.4	9.7	9.2	9.5
Case 2
PVF-experimental limb	27.42	33.77	39	55.62
PVF-contralateral limb	73.43	68.33	77.8	73.92
VI-experimental limb	5.5	6.1	6.5	7.7
VI-contralateral limb	11	11.1	13.3	11.5
Case 3
PVF-experimental limb	47.59	52.13	69.51	73.02
PVF-contralateral limb	109.72	105.24	85.95	87.29
VI-experimental limb	3.7	4.2	5	5.6
VI-contralateral limb	9	9.3	8.2	8.4

PVF: Peak vertical force (% body weight); VI: Vertical impulse (% body weight × time).