Large-for-size syndrome prophylaxis in infant liver recipients with low body mass

Table 1 Formulas for calculating standard liver volume

Ref.	Formula	Used material (n)
DeLand et al[22], 1968	LV = 1020 × BSA -220	Autopsy (550)
Urata et al[19], 1995	LV = 706.2 × BSA +2.4	CT (96)
Noda et al[21], 1997	LV= 50.12 × BW 0.78	CT (54)
Heinemann et al[27], 1999	LV = 1072.8 × BSA - 345.7	Autopsy (1332)
Vauthey et al [26], 2002	LV = 18.51 × BW + 191.8	CT (292)
Yoshizumi et al[20], 2003	LV = 772 × BSA	Deceased donor grafts (1413)
Herden et al [23], 2013	Formula 1: For children from 0 month up to 1 year old: LV = -143.062973 + 4.274603051 × BH (cm) + 14.78817631 × BW (kg)	Autopsy (246)
	Formula 2: For children from year up to 16 years old: LV = -20.2472281 + 3.339056437: For BH (cm) + 13.11312561× BW (kg)	Autopsy (142)
Yang et al[24], 2018	LV = 331−4.1 × age + 41.6 × gender + 15.3 × BW; Gender: Male = 1, female = 0	CT (790)
Yang et al[25], 2021	BW ≤ 20 kg: LV = 707.12 × BSA 1.09; BW > 20 kg, males: LV = 691.90 × BSA 1.06; females: LV = 663.19 × BSA 1.04	CT (792)

LV: Liver Volume; BSA: Body Surface Area; BW: Body Weight; BH: Body High; CT: Computed tomography.

Table 2 Average liver volume and liver volume concerning body weight in each age group, mean ± SD

Groups	Quantity	Mean age	Liver volume (сm3/kg)	Liver volume / body weight (сm3/kg)
I	6	3.2 months	178.2 ± 81.9	34.09 ± 5.5
II	6	1 year 5.7 months	281.0 ± 51	28.56 ± 5.4
III	7	3 years 4.1 months	425.9 ± 94.9	31.83 ± 5.9
IV	10	7 years	596.5 ± 218.3	25.42 ± 4.5
V	8	13 years 9.4 months	1024.0 ± 210.3	23.77 ± 3.9
VI	17	18 years 10 months	1114.3 ± 192.9	20.17 ± 3.1

Table 3 Left lateral section graft reduction techniques, performed in various transplant centers

Ref.	Number of patients	Recipient age, month, median	Recipient weight (kg), median (range)	Donor type	Graft type
Strong et al[67], 1982	1	5	4.7	DDLT	Mono-segment III
Mentha et al[41], 1986	1	11	6.9	DDLT	Mono-segment III
Srinivasan et al[68], 1999	6	7	3.45 (2.45–5.46)	DDLT	Reduced LLS graft (segment III reduction)
Noujaim et al[69], 2002	2	N/A	2.6	DDLT	Mono-segment III
Kasahara et al[70], 2003	14	7	5.95 (3.5–7.4)	LDLT	Hyper-reduced LLS graft (segment III, n = 13, Segment II, n = 1)
Attia et al[44], 2008	4	2.8	4.9 (2.9–7.8)	DDLT	Hyper-reduced LLS graft (segment III reduction)
Grabhorn et al[73], 2008	10	0.5	3.25 (2–4)	DDLT	Reduced LLS graft (n = 5); hyper-reduced LLS graft (n = 4)
Enne et al[32], 2004	12	12	6.2 (4.6–9.0)	LDLT	Mono-segment III
Thomas et al [71], 2010	9	10	7.5	DDLT (n = 9); LDLT (n = 1)	Hyper-reduced LLS graft
Shehata et al[46], 2012	44	7	5.45 (2.8–8.0)	LDLT	Mono-segment III (n = 26); reduced mono-segment III (n = 18)
Kanazawa et al[39], 2013	31	7	5.8 (2.8–8.5)	LDLT	Hyper-reduced LLS graft
Sakamoto et al[17], 2014	5	5	6.2 (4.0–9.4)	LDLT	Mono-segment II
Sanada et al[72], 2017	13	5	3.3 (2.6–7.1)	LDLT	Mono-segment II (n = 12); Mono-segment III (n = 1)
Raices et al[76], 2019	59	14	8.0 (7.0–8.9)	LDLT	Hyper-reduced LLS graft
Kitajima et al[74], 2018	89	7.3	5.9 (2.4–9.4)	LDLT	Hyper-reduced LLS graft (n = 47), Mono-segment II (n = 42)
Hirata et al[75], 2009	25	10	7.1 (6.4–8.0)	LDLT	Reduced LLS graft (Medial reduction)
Gautier et al [64], 2015	6	6	5.3 (3.5-6.0)	DDLT (n = 2); LDLT (n = 4)	Reduced LLS graft (n = 5), Hyper-reduced LLS graft (n = 1)
Balci et al[49], 2021	4	7.5	5.9 (4.6-7.8)	LDLT	Reduced LLS graft (n = 2), Reduced segment III graft (n = 2)
Park et al[50], 2022	6	4	5.3 (4.4-5.7)	LDLT (n = 5) DDLT (n = 1)	Reduced LLS graft (n = 3), Hyper-Reduced LLS graft (n = 3)

LLS: Left lateral section; DDLT: Deceased donor liver transplantation; LDLT: Living donor liver transplantation.

Table 4 Abdominal wall plastic surgery, performed in various transplant centers

Ref.	Number of patients	Surgery type	Material used for abdominal cavity protection
Molino et al[53], 2022	27	Partial abdominal wall closure	Silicone inserts
Zakaria et al[54], 2021	37	Partial abdominal wall closure	Silicone inserts
Schulze et al[55], 2011	11	Partial abdominal wall closure	Silicone inserts
Caso et al[56], 2014	6	Partial abdominal wall closure	Patches made from dermal matrix of a pig
Karpelowsky et al[59], 2009	10	Partial abdominal wall closure	Patches made from pig intestine
Goldaracena et al[61], 2020	18	Not to close abdominal fascia	N/A
Lafosse et al[62], 2012	1	Skin expander	N/A
Gautier et al[64], 2015	4	Partial abdominal wall closure	Xenopericardial flaps, vacuum aspiration abdominal wound dressings
Shehata et al[46], 2012	24	Partial abdominal wall closure, Skin-only closure	Polytetrafluoroethylene insert, silicone inserts
Goetz et al[63], 2023	6	Partial abdominal wall closure	Biologic meshes