Exocrine drainage in pancreas transplantation: Complications and management

Figure 1 Whole-organ transplant with systemic vein and bladder exocrine drainage. The pancreas is placed intraabdominally, on the right side of the pelvis. Anastomosis between the graft duodenal segment and vesical dome of the recipient bladder is performed. Image courtesy of Prof. Fernández-Cruz.

Figure 2 Whole-organ transplant with systemic vein and enteric exocrine drainage (cephalad position). A two-layer side-to-side duodenojejunostomy is constructed about 40-80 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. Image courtesy of Prof. Fernández-Cruz.

Figure 3 Whole-organ transplant with systemic vein and enteric exocrine drainage (cephalad position). Duodenoduodenostomy technique with side-to-side anastomosis between the duodenal segment and the lower knee of the recipient´s duodenum. Image courtesy of Prof. García-Valdecasas.