Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Transplant. Mar 18, 2021; 11(3): 16-36
Published online Mar 18, 2021. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v11.i3.16
Microbiota, renal disease and renal transplantation
Maurizio Salvadori, Aris Tsalouchos
Maurizio Salvadori, Department of Transplantation Renal Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50139, Italy
Aris Tsalouchos, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Saints Cosmas and Damian Hospital, Pescia 51017, Italy
Author contributions: Salvadori M and Tsalouchos A contributed equally to the manuscript; Salvadori M designed the study, performed the last revision and provided answers to the reviewers; Tsalouchos A collected the data from literature; Salvadori M and Tsalouchos A analyzed the collected data and wrote the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Maurizio Salvadori and Aris Tsalouchos do not have any conflict of interest in relation to the manuscript, as in the attached form.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Maurizio Salvadori, MD, Professor, Department of Transplantation Renal Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 18, Florence 50139, Italy. maurizio.salvadori1@gmail.com
Received: December 4, 2020
Peer-review started: December 4, 2020
First decision: December 27, 2020
Revised: January 6, 2021
Accepted: February 12, 2021
Article in press: February 12, 2021
Published online: March 18, 2021
Processing time: 103 Days and 21.4 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Recent studies on the microbiota have documented that a microbiota modification, related to the assumption of immunosuppressive drugs and of antibiotics, as happens in the first period after transplantation may modify the outcomes of the graft. Indeed, dysbiosis may cause acute rejections and reduce the possibility of a tolerance status. In addition, dysbiosis if often the cause of infections and renal fibrosis. Dysbiosis may also cause diarrhea that is a frequent and severe complication in the transplanted patient. Modification of dysbiosis is possible with an appropriate treatment, but studies on this topic are just at their beginning.