Clinical Trials Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Transplant. Apr 29, 2020; 10(4): 79-89
Published online Apr 29, 2020. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i4.79
Listening to music during arteriovenous fistula surgery alleviates anxiety: A randomized single-blind clinical trial
Sanem Guler Cimen, Ebru Oğuz, Ayse Gokcen Gundogmus, Sertac Cimen, Fatih Sandikci, Mehmet Deniz Ayli
Sanem Guler Cimen, Department of General Surgery, Diskapi Research and Training Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
Ebru Oğuz, Mehmet Deniz Ayli, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Diskapi Research and Training Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
Ayse Gokcen Gundogmus, Department of Psychiatry, Diskapi Research and Traning Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
Sertac Cimen, Fatih Sandikci, Department of Urology, Diskapi Research and Traning Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
Author contributions: Cimen SG and Cimen S designed the research; Cimen SG and Sandikci F performed research; Gundogmus AG contributed analytic tools; Oguz E and Cimen SG analyzed data; Ayli MD and Cimen SG wrote the paper.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Diskapi Research and Training Hospital Ethics Committee.
Clinical trial registration statement: This study is registered at Diskapi Research and Training Hospital Clinical Trials Registry. The registration identification number is 41303261/iTK.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors of this manuscript having no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Data sharing statement: There is no additional data available.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sanem Guler Cimen, FEBS, MD, MSc, Associate Professor, Attending Doctor, Director, Doctor, Surgeon, Department of General Surgery, Diskapi Research and Training Hospital, Health Sciences University, Guvenlik Caddesi No. 87-6, Ankara 06110, Turkey. s.cimen@dal.ca
Received: December 3, 2019
Peer-review started: December 2, 2019
First decision: February 20, 2020
Revised: March 9, 2020
Accepted: March 26, 2020
Article in press: March 26, 2020
Published online: April 29, 2020
Processing time: 141 Days and 21.5 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background

Music therapy is an easy to apply, cheap and effective method to reduce perceived anxiety and pain during stress causing situations like surgery. Its application has been shown to improve patient satisfaction and willingness to repeat the procedure, consequently, promoting patient compliance.

Research motivation

Arteriovenous fistula creation is an important procedure which many patients have to go through after they receive the diagnosis of end stage kidney disease. If suitable, they also are being worked-up or put on the list to wait for a kidney transplantation. All these developments cause anxiety and confusion to the patient and relatives. As a physician it is our duty to reduce their anxiety and help them cope with these stressful events.

Research objectives

We sought to investigate the effects of music therapy on patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula creation surgery. The arteriovenous fistula creation surgery is usually performed under local anesthesia as a day procedure.

Research methods

This study is designed as a randomized, single blind clinical trial where suitable patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were approached and asked for consent. Among the 55 who were consented, 14 were excluded due to requirement of sedation or uncompleted questionnaire forms. Remaining 41 were analyzed using STAI anxiety questionnaires, visual analog scales and vital signs closely related to anxiety and pain perception.

Research results

The STAI anxiety scoring results showed that music therapy was effective to reduce procedure related anxiety in patients undergoing fistula creation surgery. The overall patient satisfaction was found to be significantly higher in the music group as well. Perceived pain related to surgery was effectively reduced via listening to music, although there was no difference between analgesic use among the groups. Additionally, intra-operative heart rate and blood pressure measurements were significantly lower in the music group (P < 0.05).

Research conclusions

This study shows that music therapy can be a useful tool to relieve patients` anxiety and pain undergoing fistula creation surgery.

Research perspectives

Future studies should focus on more ways to implement music into patient treatments and enlighten the mechanisms in which music therapy provides relief. Additionally, it would be beneficial to investigate which types of music provide better outcomes while undergoing surgery.