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Patel S, Gutmann C, Loveridge R, Pirani T, Willars C, Vercueil A, Angelova-Chee M, Aluvihare V, Heneghan M, Menon K, Heaton N, Bernal W, McPhail M, Gelandt E, Morgan L, Whitehorne M, Wendon J, Auzinger G. Perioperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in liver transplantation-bridge to transplantation, intraoperative salvage, and postoperative support: outcomes and predictors for survival in a large-volume liver transplant center. Am J Transplant 2025; 25:396-405. [PMID: 39182613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Data on perioperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in liver transplantation (LT) are scarce. ECMO has been used preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively for a variety of indications at our center. This retrospective, single-center study of ECMO use peri-LT aimed to describe predictors for successful outcome in this highly select cohort of patients. Demographics, support method, and indication for LT were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Twenty-nine patients received venovenous (V-V; n = 20), venoarterial (V-A; n = 8), and venoarteriovenous (n = 1) ECMO. Twelve (41.4%) patients were bridged to emergency LT for acute liver failure, and emergency redo LT. Four (13.3%) patients required intraoperative V-A ECMO salvage, 2 necessitating extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Thirteen (43.3%) patients required ECMO support after LT: V-V ECMO (n = 9); V-A ECMO (n = 1); and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 3) between postoperative days 2 to 30. Overall, 19 patients (65.5%) were successfully weaned off ECMO; 15 (51.7%) survived to intensive care unit discharge. All patients who underwent intraoperative salvage ECMO and all who were bridged to emergency redo LT died. Peri-LT ECMO is feasible. Post-LT ECMO outcomes are encouraging, in particular for V-V ECMO. Intraoperative ECMO salvage, uncontrolled sepsis, and graft failure are associated with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Patel
- Liver Intensive Care, General Intensive Care & ECMO, Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Clemens Gutmann
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom; Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Loveridge
- Liver Intensive Care, General Intensive Care & ECMO, Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tasneem Pirani
- Liver Intensive Care, General Intensive Care & ECMO, Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Willars
- Liver Intensive Care, General Intensive Care & ECMO, Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andre Vercueil
- Critical Care & ECMO, Department of Critical Care, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Angelova-Chee
- Critical Care & ECMO, Department of Critical Care, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Varuna Aluvihare
- Transplant Hepatology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Heneghan
- Transplant Hepatology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Menon
- Liver Transplant Surgery, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Liver Transplant Surgery, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Bernal
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom; Liver Intensive Care, Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark McPhail
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom; Liver Intensive Care, Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elton Gelandt
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Morgan
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julia Wendon
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom; Liver Intensive Care, Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Auzinger
- Liver Intensive Care, General Intensive Care & ECMO, Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Critical Care, Anesthesia & Pain Institute, Cleveland Clinic London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Zaka AZ, Mangoura SA, Ahmed MA. New updates on hepatopulmonary syndrome: A comprehensive review. Respir Med 2025; 236:107911. [PMID: 39662637 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious pulmonary vascular complication that causes arterial hypoxemia in the setting of liver disease. HPS has a progressive course and is associated with a two-fold increased risk of mortality relative to cirrhotic patients without HPS. It primarily affects patients with portal hypertension. The key pathological features of HPS include intrapulmonary angiogenesis and vascular dilations (IPVDs). The prevalence of HPS varies widely due to inconsistent diagnostic criteria and a lack of standardized protocols. Despite advances in understanding its pathophysiology, no effective curative treatments for HPS exist. Liver transplantation remains the only definitive treatment, improving survival and altering the disease natural course. This review explores the pathophysiology, clinical features, and therapeutic strategies for HPS, highlighting recent advances in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z Zaka
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
| | - Safwat A Mangoura
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Ahmed
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
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Barrueco-Francioni JE, Martínez-González MC, Martínez-Carmona JF, Benítez-Moreno MP, Aragón-González C, Herrera-Gutiérrez ME. ECMO in severe hypoxemia post liver transplant for hepatopulmonary syndrome. Int J Artif Organs 2024; 47:858-861. [PMID: 39221571 DOI: 10.1177/03913988241274252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) poses a significant challenge in liver transplant patients, affecting between 10% and 30% of candidates. Historically, HPS was considered a contraindication for liver transplantation due to its association with high mortality rates. However, recent studies have shown improvements in pulmonary function post-transplant, leading to the inclusion of these patients as candidates. Despite this progress, approximately one-fifth of liver transplant recipients develop severe postoperative hypoxia, further complicating their clinical course and contributing to increased mortality. The management of post-transplant HPS involves various strategies, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), although its use remains infrequently reported. Theoretical models suggest that oxygenation typically improves within 10 days post-transplant, while resolution of HPS may take 6-12 months, making ECMO an attractive possibility as a bridge to recovery in this population. We present a case were ECMO was used in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Emilio Barrueco-Francioni
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Sección de Trasplantes y Cuidados Postoperatorios, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga - IBIMA, Malaga, Spain
| | - María Carmen Martínez-González
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Sección de Trasplantes y Cuidados Postoperatorios, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Martínez-Carmona
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Sección de Trasplantes y Cuidados Postoperatorios, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - María Palma Benítez-Moreno
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Sección de Trasplantes y Cuidados Postoperatorios, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Cesar Aragón-González
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Sección de Trasplantes y Cuidados Postoperatorios, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Enrique Herrera-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Sección de Trasplantes y Cuidados Postoperatorios, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga - IBIMA, Malaga, Spain
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Sánchez Pérez B, Pérez Reyes M, Aranda Narvaez J, Santoyo Villalba J, Perez Daga JA, Sanchez-Gonzalez C, Santoyo-Santoyo J. New therapeutic strategy with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory hepatopulmonary syndrome after liver transplant: A case report. World J Transplant 2024; 14:89223. [PMID: 38576766 PMCID: PMC10989480 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v14.i1.89223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the lack of published literature about treatment of refractory hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) after liver transplant (LT), this case adds information and experience on this issue along with a treatment with positive outcomes. HPS is a complication of end-stage liver disease, with a 10%-30% incidence in cirrhotic patients. LT can reverse the physiopathology of this process and restore normal oxygenation. However, in some cases, refractory hypoxemia persists, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used as a rescue therapy with good results. CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old patient with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension was included in the LT waiting list for HPS. He had good liver function (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score 12, Child-Pugh class B7). He had pulmonary fibrosis and a mild restrictive respiratory pattern with a basal oxygen saturation of 82%. The macroaggregated albumin test result was > 30. Spirometry demon strated a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 78%, forced vital capacity (FVC) of 74%, FEV1/FVC ratio of 81%, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of 42%, and carbon monoxide transfer coefficient of 57%. He required domiciliary oxygen at 2 L/min (16 h/d). The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and extubated in the first 24 h, needing high-flow therapy and non-invasive ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide afterwards. Reintubation was needed after 72 h. Due to the non-response to supportive therapies, installation of ECMO was decided with progressive recovery after 9 d. Extubation was possible on the tenth day, maintaining a high-flow nasal cannula and de-escalating to conventional oxygen therapy after 48 h. He was discharged from ICU on postoperative day (POD) 20 with a 90%-92% oxygen saturation. Steroid recycling was needed twice for acute rejection. The patient was discharged from hospital on POD 27 with no symptoms, with an 89%-90% oxygen saturation. CONCLUSION Due to the favorable results observed, ECMO could become the central axis of treatment of HPS and refractory hypoxemia after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Sánchez Pérez
- Hepatobiliary and Trasplantation Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, University Regional Hospital, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - María Pérez Reyes
- Hepatobiliary and Trasplantation Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, University Regional Hospital, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Jose Aranda Narvaez
- Hepatobiliary and Trasplantation Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, University Regional Hospital, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Julio Santoyo Villalba
- Hepatobiliary and Trasplantation Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, University Regional Hospital, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Perez Daga
- Hepatobiliary and Trasplantation Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, University Regional Hospital, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Claudia Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Julio Santoyo-Santoyo
- Hepatobiliary and Trasplantation Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, University Regional Hospital, Malaga 29010, Spain
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5
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Qiu Y, Hilmi I. The applications of ECMO in liver transplant recipients. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2024; 38:100816. [PMID: 38104398 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2023.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as a vital instrument for sustaining respiratory and cardiac functions when traditional methods have failed. Its function in managing acute pulmonary and cardiac challenges during liver transplantation (LT) has expanded significantly. While ECMO was initially viewed as a rescue strategy for acute intraoperative or posttransplant complications, its application now also encompasses the pretransplant stage of LT. Our review aims to thoroughly summarize both research and specific cases where ECMO has been utilized across pre- and perioperative phases in liver transplant recipients. By assessing the published literature, we discuss specific indications, the types of ECMO employed, their outcomes, and the unique challenges of applying ECMO during LT. In particular, the pretransplant use of ECMO is increasing, and its prudent introduction prior to LT, supported by meticulous planning, has the potential to optimize patient outcomes. It is challenging to manage liver transplant patients on ECMO. More research and experience are needed to refine the techniques and improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, decision-making must be tailored to each patient's unique circumstances, and a clear, practical, and well-defined plan for subsequent steps is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Education Office, Liliane S. Kaufmann Building, 3471 Fifth AVE, Suite 402, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Ibtesam Hilmi
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Montefiore Anesthesiology Office 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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6
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Qiu Y, Hilmi I. The applications of ECMO in liver transplant recipients. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2024; 38:100816. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.trre.2023.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
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Choi MC, Min EK, Yim SH, Lee JG, Koo BN, Kim H, Lee HW, Joo DJ, Kim MS. Successful recovery after veno-arterio-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation immediately before liver transplantation in multi-organ failure including acute respiratory distress syndrome: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:684-686. [PMID: 36914436 PMCID: PMC9951045 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as an alternative treatment to conventional ventilation maneuvers in the nontransplantation literature to support acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the role of ECMO in transplant is unclear, and few case reports have described using ECMO pretransplant. We discuss the successful use of veno-arteriovenous ECMO as a bridge therapy to deceased donor liver transplant (LT) in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Because the incidence of severe pulmonary complications resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiorgan failure is rare before LT, determining the usefulness of ECMO is challenging. However, in acute but reversible respiratory failure and cardiovascular failure, veno-arteriovenous ECMO provides a useful therapeutic option as a bridge for patients awaiting LT and should be considered if available even in multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Chae Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ki Min
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyuk Yim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Bon-Nyeo Koo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyohyun Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Joo
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Laici C, Bianchini A, Miglionico N, Bambagiotti N, Vitale G, Fallani G, Ravaioli M, Siniscalchi A. Planned Extracorporeal Life Support Employment during Liver Transplantation: The Potential of ECMO and CRRT as Preventive Therapies-Case Reports and Literature Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031239. [PMID: 36769889 PMCID: PMC9953574 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver Transplantation (LT) has become the gold standard treatment for End-Stage Liver Disease (ESLD). One of the main strategies to manage life-threatening complications, such as cardio-respiratory failure, is Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in the peri-transplantation period, with different configurations of the technique and in combination with other extracorporeal care devices such as Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT). This retrospective study includes three clinical cases of planned ECMO support strategies in LT and evaluates their application compared with current literature exploring PubMed/Medline. The three LT supported with ECMO and CRRT were performed at IRCCS Polyclinic S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna. All three cases of patients with compromised organ function analysed produced positive outcomes. The planned use of ECMO and CRRT support in peri-transplantation has allowed the patients to overcome contraindications and successfully undergo LT. In recent years, only a few reports have documented successful LT outcomes performed with intraoperative ECMO in critically ESLD patients. However, the management of LT with ECMO and/or CRRT assistance is an emerging challenge, with the need for more published evidence on this topic to guide treatment choices in patients with severe, acute and reversible respiratory and cardiovascular failure after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Laici
- Postoperative and Abdominal Organ Transplant Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Amedeo Bianchini
- Postoperative and Abdominal Organ Transplant Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Noemi Miglionico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bambagiotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Internal Medicine Unit for the Treatment of Severe Organ Failure, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Guido Fallani
- Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ravaioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Siniscalchi
- Postoperative and Abdominal Organ Transplant Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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9
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Park J, Lin MY, Wray CL, Kaldas FM, Benharash P, Gudzenko V. Applications and Outcomes of Extracorporeal Life Support Use in Adult Liver Transplantation: A Case Series and Review of Literature. ASAIO J 2022; 68:683-690. [PMID: 34506329 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is increasingly reported in adult liver transplantation (LT). However, neither the role of ECLS in the perioperative setting for LT nor its outcomes has been well defined. We performed a retrospective chart review of all adult LT patients at our institution who received ECLS from 2004 to 2021. We also conducted a comprehensive literature search for adult LT cases that involved perioperative ECLS for respiratory or cardiac failure. Over the study period, 11 LT patients required ECLS at our institution, two for respiratory and nine for cardiac failure. Both patients with respiratory failure received ECLS as a bridge to LT and survived to discharge. Nine patients required ECLS for acute cardiac failure either intraoperatively or postoperatively, and two survived to discharge. In the literature, we identified 35 cases of respiratory failure in LT patients requiring perioperative ECLS. Applications included preoperative bridge to LT (n = 6) and postoperative rescue (n = 29), for which overall survival was 44%. We identified 31 cases of cardiac failure in LT patients requiring either ECLS or cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac support or rescue for intraoperative or postoperative cardiac failure (n = 30). There is evidence for consideration of ECLS as a bridge to LT in patients with potentially reversible respiratory failure or as rescue therapy for respiratory failure in posttransplant patients. ECLS has a prohibitively high risk of futility in pretransplant patients with cardiac failure but may have a role in LT patients with a functioning graft and potentially reversible cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeieung Park
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Y Lin
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Christopher L Wray
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Fady M Kaldas
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant and Liver Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Vadim Gudzenko
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, California, Los Angeles
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10
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Wu WK, Grogan WM, Ziogas IA, Patel YJ, Bacchetta M, Alexopoulos SP. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome undergoing liver transplantation: A systematic review of the literature. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2022; 36:100693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2022.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Del Valle K, DuBrock HM. Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Portopulmonary Hypertension: Pulmonary Vascular Complications of Liver Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:3281-3302. [PMID: 34636408 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular disease is a frequent complication of chronic liver disease and portal hypertension, affecting up to 30% of patients. There are two distinct pulmonary vascular complications of liver disease: hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (POPH). HPS affects 25% of patients with chronic liver disease and is characterized by intrapulmonary vasodilatation and abnormal arterial oxygenation. HPS negatively impacts quality of life and is associated with a 2-fold increased risk of death compared to controls with liver disease without HPS. Angiogenesis, endothelin-1 mediated endothelial dysfunction, monocyte influx, and alveolar type 2 cell dysfunction seem to play important roles in disease pathogenesis but there are currently no effective medical therapies. Fortunately, HPS resolves following liver transplant (LT) with improvements in hypoxemia. POPH is a subtype of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) characterized by an elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in the setting of normal left-sided filling pressures. POPH affects 5% to 6% of patients with chronic liver disease. Although the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and estrogen signaling have been identified as key pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. POPH is typically treated with PAH targeted therapy and may also improve with liver transplantation in selected patients. This article highlights what is currently known regarding the diagnosis, management, pathobiology, and outcomes of HPS and POPH. Ongoing research is needed to improve understanding of the pathophysiology and outcomes of these distinct and often misunderstood pulmonary vascular complications of liver disease. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-22, 2021.
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12
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Kadry Z, Schaefer E, Krok K, Faust A, Stine JG, Schreibman IR, Bezinover D, Riley TR. Excellent outcomes with liver transplantation in hepatopulmonary syndrome across pre-transplant PaO 2 spectrum. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100351. [PMID: 34604726 PMCID: PMC8473556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Significantly worse survival has been reported in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) <45 mmHg undergoing liver transplantation. Long-term pre- and post-transplant outcomes based on degree of hypoxaemia were re-examined. Methods A retrospective analysis of 1,152 HPS candidates listed with an approved HPS model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception was performed. A Fine and Gray competing risks model was utilised to evaluate pre-transplant outcomes for PaO2 thresholds of <45, 45 to <60, and ≥60 mmHg. Post-transplant survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Patients with a PaO2 <45 mmHg were significantly more likely to undergo transplantation (hazard ratio [HR] 1.51; 95% CI 1.12-2.03), whereas patients with higher MELD scores had lower hazard of transplant (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.95, p = 0.011) and higher hazard of pre-transplant death (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.55-3.37, p <0.001). Post-transplantation, patients with a PaO2 <45 mmHg had lower survival (p = 0.04) compared with patients with a PaO2 ≥45 to <50 mmHg, with survival curves significantly different at 2.6 years (75% survival compared with 86%) and median survival of 11.5 and 14.1 years, respectively. Cardiac arrest was a more likely (p = 0.025) cause of death for these patients. Cardiac arrest incidence in patients who died with a PaO2 >50 mmHg was 6.2%. Conclusions Patients with a PaO2 <45 mmHg had a significantly higher rate of transplantation, and higher calculated MELD scores were associated with significantly higher pre-transplant mortality. Although post-transplant survival was lower in patients with a PaO2 <45 mmHg, the median survival was 11.5 years, and survival curves only became significantly different at 2.6 years. This suggests that patients with HPS do benefit from transplantation up to 2-3 years post-transplant regardless of the severity of pre-transplant hypoxaemia. Lay summary A total of 1,152 patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome listed for liver transplant were analysed. Patients with a low PaO2 <45 mmHg had a high likelihood of transplantation. If associated with advanced liver disease, the mortality risk was higher for patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome on the wait list. After liver transplantation, patients with a PaO2 <45 mmHg had a lower survival, but this only became significant after 2.6 years, and the median survival was 11.5 years. This suggests that patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome do benefit from transplantation.
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Key Words
- CIF, cumulative incidence function
- ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- HPS, hepatopulmonary syndrome
- HR, hazard ratio
- Hepatopulmonary syndrome
- Hypoxia
- Liver transplantation
- MELD, model for end-stage liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- OPTN, Organ Procurement and Transplant Network
- POPH, portopulmonary hypertension
- PaO2, partial pressure of arterial oxygen
- STAR, Standard Transplant Analysis and Research
- UNOS, United Network for Organ Sharing
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakiyah Kadry
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eric Schaefer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Karen Krok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alison Faust
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Gibson Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ian Roy Schreibman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dmitri Bezinover
- Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Roberts Riley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Anesthetic Management Using Low Fraction of Inspiratory Oxygen for Living Donor Liver Transplantation in a Patient With Hepatopulmonary Syndrome Complicated by Interstitial Pneumonia: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:2556-2558. [PMID: 34465421 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatopulmonary syndrome frequently complicates end-stage liver disease. It causes hypoxemia and requires oxygen administration. Additionally, interstitial pneumonia causes hypoxemia; however, it is known to be aggravated by high-concentration oxygen administration. CASE PRESENTATION A 71-year-old woman with hepatopulmonary syndrome and interstitial pneumonia underwent living donor liver transplantation, requiring conflicting management in terms of the inspiratory oxygen concentration. We achieved a low intraoperative fraction of inspiratory oxygen by increasing the cardiac output with intravenous catecholamines. As a result, the transplanted liver functioned well postoperatively, and the patient was discharged without exacerbation of the interstitial pneumonia. CONCLUSION We suggest that patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome complicated with interstitial pneumonia can undergo successful living donor liver transplantation without the use of high inspiratory oxygen concentration by using catecholamines to maintain a high mixed venous oxygen saturation.
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14
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Philips CA, Kakkar K, Joseph M, Yerol PK, Ahamed R, Rajesh S, Augustine P. Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with Chronic Liver Disease - Insights into a Comprehensive Liver Intensive Care. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:576-586. [PMID: 34447688 PMCID: PMC8369022 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus-related coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been relentless in disrupting and overwhelming healthcare the world over. Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with chronic comorbidities, especially in those with metabolic syndrome, are well documented. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis patients are a special sub-group, among whom the management of COVID-19 is challenging. Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension improves our identification of at-risk patients for disease progression that will further help compartmentalize generalized and specialized treatment options in this special patient group. In this exhaustive review, we critically review the impact of COVID-19 on the liver and in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis patients. We further discuss common features associated with the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and cirrhosis, based on the renin-angiotensin system and deliberate current literature on guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 and extrapolate the same to the cirrhosis population to provide a concise and stepwise, evidence-based management for cirrhosis patients with severe and critical COVID-19. There are no specific management guidelines for cirrhosis patients with COVID-19 and current recommendations for treatment are as per guidelines for general population. Nevertheless, specific issues like avoiding corticosteroids in decompensated patients with variceal bleeding, suspected sepsis, high grade hepatic encephalopathy and acute kidney injury, use of early mechanical ventilation strategies in those with severe ascites and hepatopulmonary syndrome, avoidance of remdesivir in advanced liver disease, and application of liver-specific severity scores for prognostication and identification of futility need to be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac Abby Philips
- Department of Clinical Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Kamna Kakkar
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Moby Joseph
- Great Western Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen Kumar Yerol
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Government Medicine College and Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Rizwan Ahamed
- Gastroenterology and Advanced G.I Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- Interventional Hepatobiliary Radiology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Philip Augustine
- Gastroenterology and Advanced G.I Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
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15
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Aragon Pinto C, Iyer VN, Albitar HAH, Anderson A, Cajigas H, Simonetto DA, Krowka MJ, DuBrock HM, Gallo de Moraes A. Outcomes of liver transplantation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome in the pre and post-MELD eras: A systematic review. Respir Med Res 2021; 80:100852. [PMID: 34418867 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2021.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of large hepatopulmonary syndrome cohorts undergoing liver transplantation (LT) has resulted in limited information about post-LT outcomes and expectations. METHODS The long and short-term outcomes of LT in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) were evaluated before and after the implementation of Model for Endstage Liver Disease (MELD) score in 2002, granting exception points for patients with HPS. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for published and unpublished studies from 01/1990 to 04/2019. Studies that included HPS patients who underwent LT and reported post-LT outcomes and HPS severity were reviewed. After reviewing the full text of 1421 articles, 30 were included in the pre-MELD era (before 2002) and 60 in the post-MELD era. RESULTS A total of 598 patients (210 children and 388 adults) with HPS who underwent LT were included in this systematic review. In children, 5-year survival probability was similar in the pre and post-MELD groups (85.7% vs. 97.4; p = 0.09). Median post-transplant PaO2 in room air was higher in the post-MELD group (71 [53-87] vs. 97 [80-108] mmHg: p = 0.008). In adults, 5-year survival probability was higher in the post-MELD era (73 vs. 87.3%; p = 0.008). Median post-transplant PaO2 in room air was higher in post-MELD group (75 [63-85] vs. 87 [75-95] mmHg; p = 0.001).. CONCLUSIONS After MELD exception implementation, survival rates and post-transplant oxygenation improved in adult patients with HPS who underwent liver transplantation, whereas only post-transplant oxygenation improved in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Aragon Pinto
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care group (METRIC), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vivek N Iyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Anderson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hector Cajigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Douglas A Simonetto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael J Krowka
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hilary M DuBrock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alice Gallo de Moraes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care group (METRIC), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the indications for extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in liver transplantation (LT) recipients and their optimal management on ECMO. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have reported a 30-40% survival rate among LT recipients that receive ECMO. Increasingly, case reports have documented successful outcomes of LT performed for patients on preoperative ECMO. Outcomes appear to be superior with patients in the immediate peri-LT period with reversible causes of severe, acute respiratory, and/or cardiovascular collapse. Mortality is most commonly secondary to infection. Volume optimization with CRRT may improve outcomes and perfusion to the graft, especially for patients on veno-arterial ECMO. There is little consensus on management of anticoagulation in these patients, but it can likely be held temporarily when the patient is coagulopathic and/or experiencing bleeding complications. SUMMARY ECMO should be considered in the peri-LT period for patients with severe, acute, and reversible causes of respiratory and/or cardiovascular collapse, with acceptable outcomes in patients that would otherwise not be expected to survive. Management of the post-LT patient on ECMO is challenging with a slowly enlarging body of literature to inform decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hogen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ashraf H. Sedra
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Arash Motamed
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Juliet Emamaullee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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17
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Park SJ, Park JY, Ri HS, Chung M, Ryu JH, Lee TB, Yoon JU. Expanded Efficacy of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:1813-1816. [PMID: 34016461 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative respiratory failure occurs frequently in liver transplantation (LT) recipients. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) has been applied in patients with acute and potentially reversible life-threatening respiratory failure that is unresponsive to conventional therapies. VV-ECMO is used as a bridging device for lung transplantation. However, there are few reports on VV-ECMO as bridging therapy in LT patients with respiratory failure. This study assessed patient outcomes of VV-ECMO after LT and investigated its applicability and safety in LT surgery. METHODS From January 2017 to May 2019, VV-ECMO was applied in 8 deceased donor LT patients at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital. RESULTS Patients administered pre- or postoperative VV-ECMO showed a 50% 1-year survival rate and 75% success rate for ECMO weaning. Six patients were administered preoperative VV-ECMO for respiratory failure, of whom 4 patients survived for longer than a year. Two patients who received VV-ECMO for refractory hypoxia during LT died; 1 failed ECMO weaning, and the other was successfully weaned off ECMO but died of other causes. CONCLUSION VV-ECMO could lower the risk of hypoxemia-related organ failure while awaiting and during LT via better controlled gas exchange without significant acute morbidity. VV-ECMO may expand operability in patients with severe respiratory failure awaiting LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ji Park
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20, Geumo-Ro, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daedong Hospital, 187, Chungnyeol-Daero, Dongnae-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Ri
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20, Geumo-Ro, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Chung
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20, Geumo-Ro, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Ho Ryu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20, Geumo-Ro, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Beom Lee
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20, Geumo-Ro, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Uk Yoon
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20, Geumo-Ro, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Bohman JK, Findlay JY, Krowka MJ. ECMO and POPH: More Help for the Right Heart. Liver Transpl 2021; 27:627-628. [PMID: 32916765 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kyle Bohman
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - James Y Findlay
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael J Krowka
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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19
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20
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Phillips MR, Priest M, Beaty C, Parker R, Meyer M, Dunn S, Froehlich CD, Dirnberger DR, Martin AE, Ogino MT. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Pediatric Patient with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava After Living Related Liver Donation. ASAIO J 2019; 65:e27-e29. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Kim I, Nissen N, Steggerda J, Gereboff A, Sharma V, Kariger R, Klein A, Annamalai A, Todo T, Nurok M, Dong E, Friedman O, Jordan S, Ramzy D. Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Failure in a Liver Transplant Patient: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:4038-4041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Sun X, Qiu W, Chen Y, Lv G, Fan Z. Utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for a severe cardiocirculatory dysfunction recipient in liver transplantation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12407. [PMID: 30213015 PMCID: PMC6155962 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe cardiac dysfunction or severe pulmonary hypertension is a contraindication of liver transplantation (LT). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced therapy for severe lung and/or cardiocirculatory dysfunction or failure. The application of ECMO to patients during the LT perioperative period may help recipients with severe cardiac disease to maintain the heart function and alleviate the reperfusion syndrome. PATIENT CONCERNS A female liver recipient complained about weakness for 6 months. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed as hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatic cirrhosis (MELD 24, Child-Pugh C) with severe mitral regurgitation, severe tricuspid regurgitation, left atrium and left ventricle enlargement, cardiac insufficiency, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and hypoxemia. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent LT from a cardiac deceased donor. The surgery was completed by venoarterial ECMO. The femoral vessels cannulation was done after the dissection of the patient's liver and before the venous blocking. Venous cannula reached to the position below renal vein, while arterial cannula reached to common iliac artery. We regulated the ECMO index according to the patient's condition. The dosage of heparin was adjusted on the basis of the activated clotting time. Respiratory support, milrinone, furosemide, and mannitol were used to improve the circulation. The bleeding volume of surgery was 1200 mL. The cardiocirculatory function and other vital signs remained good in the perioperative period. In the first 24 hours after surgery, central venous pressure decreased from 17 to 7 cmH2O. Thirty hours after surgery, the ECMO was removed. Eighteen hours later, the recipient did not need respiratory support. OUTCOMES No complications of transplantation or ECMO were found. LESSONS It is feasible to utilize ECMO as a cardiocirculatory function support in the LT. ECMO does not increase the risk of hemorrhage. ECMO can play an important role in ensuring the security of the liver recipients in the surgery and in the postoperative period.
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23
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Angeli P, Bernardi M, Villanueva C, Francoz C, Mookerjee RP, Trebicka J, Krag A, Laleman W, Gines P. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018; 69:406-460. [PMID: 29653741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1775] [Impact Index Per Article: 253.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Herborn J, Lewis C, De Wolf A. Liver Transplantation: Perioperative Care and Update on Intraoperative Management. CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-018-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Kumar L, Balakrishnan D, Varghese R, Surendran S. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for post-transplant hypoxaemia following very severe hepatopulmonary syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-221381. [PMID: 29092970 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) associated with end-stage liver disease has a high morbidity when room air PaO2 is less than 50 mm Hg. Safe levels of oxygenation to facilitate transplantation have not been defined despite advancement in care. Postoperatively, hypoxaemia worsens due to ventilation perfusion mismatch contributed by postoperative pulmonary vasoconstriction and due to decrease in endogenous nitric oxide. A 16-year-old boy with cirrhosis presented with HPS and a PaO2 of 37 mm Hg on room air and underwent living donor liver transplant. Although stable intraoperatively, he desaturated on the second postoperative day. Despite a number of interventions, oxygenation remained critically low on 100% inspired oxygen. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) was established with instant improvement in oxygenation (PaO268 mm Hg), and the patient was eventually salvaged. We suggest that ECMO could be a means of managing refractory post-transplant hypoxaemia in patients with HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - Dinesh Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Rekha Varghese
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - Sudhindran Surendran
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
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26
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Jones AL. Complications of Chronic Alcoholism That Affect Critical Illness. CRITICAL CARE TOXICOLOGY 2017:249-266. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17900-1_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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Nandhabalan P, Loveridge R, Patel S, Willars C, Best T, Vercueil A, Vilca-Melendez H, Deep A, Heaton N, Auzinger G. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and pediatric liver transplantation, "a step too far?": Results of a single-center experience. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:1727-1733. [PMID: 27600579 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Nandhabalan
- Department of Critical Care/ECMO Service, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Loveridge
- Department of Critical Care/ECMO Service, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer Patel
- Department of Critical Care/ECMO Service, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Willars
- Department of Critical Care/ECMO Service, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Best
- Department of Critical Care/ECMO Service, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andre Vercueil
- Department of Critical Care/ECMO Service, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Akash Deep
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Auzinger
- Department of Critical Care/ECMO Service, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Grilo-Bensusan I, Pascasio-Acevedo JM. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: What we know and what we would like to know. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5728-5741. [PMID: 27433086 PMCID: PMC4932208 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by abnormalities in blood oxygenation caused by the presence of intrapulmonary vascular dilations (IPVD) in the context of liver disease, generally at a cirrhotic stage. Knowledge about the subject is still only partial. The majority of the information about the etiopathogenesis of HPS has been obtained through experiments on animals. Reported prevalence in patients who are candidates for a liver transplantation (LT) varies between 4% and 32%, with a predominance of mild or moderate cases. Although it is generally asymptomatic it does have an impact on their quality of life and survival. The diagnosis requires taking an arterial blood gas sample of a seated patient with alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaO2) ≥ 15 mm Hg, or ≥ 20 mm Hg in those over 64 years of age. The IPVD are identified through a transthoracic contrast echocardiography or a macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan (99mTc-MAA). There is currently no effective medical treatment. LT has been shown to reverse the syndrome and improve survival rates, even in severe cases. Therefore the policy of prioritizing LT would appear to increase survival rates. This paper takes a critical and clinical look at the current understanding of HPS, as well as the controversies surrounding it and possible future research.
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Impact of acute liver failure on mortality during adult ECLS. Intensive Care Med 2015; 42:299-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-015-4123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gedik E, Çelik MR, Otan E, Dişli OM, Erdil N, Bayındır Y, Kutlu R, Yılmaz S. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Living-Related Liver Transplant. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2015; 13 Suppl 1:290-3. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.mesot2014.p136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nayyar D, Man HSJ, Granton J, Lilly LB, Gupta S. Proposed management algorithm for severe hypoxemia after liver transplantation in the hepatopulmonary syndrome. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:903-13. [PMID: 25649047 PMCID: PMC5132094 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined as the triad of liver disease, intrapulmonary vascular dilatation, and abnormal gas exchange, and is found in 10-32% of patients with liver disease. Liver transplantation is the only known cure for HPS, but patients can develop severe posttransplant hypoxemia, defined as a need for 100% inspired oxygen to maintain a saturation of ≥85%. This complication is seen in 6-21% of patients and carries a 45% mortality. Its management requires the application of specific strategies targeting the underlying physiologic abnormalities in HPS, but awareness of these strategies and knowledge on their optimal use is limited. We reviewed existing literature to identify strategies that can be used for this complication, and developed a clinical management algorithm based on best evidence and expert opinion. Evidence was limited to case reports and case series, and we determined which treatments to include in the algorithm and their recommended sequence based on their relative likelihood of success, invasiveness, and risk. Recommended therapies include: Trendelenburg positioning, inhaled epoprostenol or nitric oxide, methylene blue, embolization of abnormal pulmonary vessels, and extracorporeal life support. Availability and use of this pragmatic algorithm may improve management of this complication, and will benefit from prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Nayyar
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - H. S. J. Man
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada,Division of RespirologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - J. Granton
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada,Division of RespirologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - L. B. Lilly
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada,Division of Gastroenterology and MultiOrgan Transplant ProgramUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - S. Gupta
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's HospitalTorontoCanada,Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada,Division of RespirologyDepartment of MedicineSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoCanada
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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after liver transplantation in a patient with hepatopulmonary syndrome and an atrial septal defect. Int J Artif Organs 2015; 38:170-2. [PMID: 25837880 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare complication of liver cirrhosis that may result in refractory hypoxemia even after liver transplantation. ECMO has been rarely used after liver transplantation or in patients with HPS. METHODS We present a patient with HPS who underwent liver transplantation and developed refractory hypoxemia requiring postoperative ECMO support at our institution. During our review of literature we found nine reports of ECMO use for cardiorespiratory failure after liver transplant in the past. RESULTS Our patient had persistent intrapulmonary shunting and developed severe respiratory failure after liver transplant. Additionally, the patient was found to have an atrial septal defect (ASD) and required percutaneous closure while receiving ECMO support. Literature review suggests that survival among these patients who were supported with ECMO after liver transplant was 50% and catastrophic bleeding complications were described in only one report. CONCLUSIONS With careful selection of post-liver transplant patients and judicious management of anticoagulation, ECMO can be safely instituted in this cohort.
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Clinical significance of echocardiography in patients supported by venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Artif Organs 2015; 18:99-105. [PMID: 25708044 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-015-0824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although there are extensive published data regarding venous-arterial (VA) ECMO, particularly in the pediatric population, there is a paucity of data (mainly including case reports and observational studies) delineating the role of echocardiography in the management of adult patients supported by venous-venous (VV) ECMO. The present review is aimed at specifically addressing the rationale for echocardiography use in patients supported by VV-ECMO and at summarizing the available evidence on this topic. Based on the available evidence and on the experience of our group, practical considerations on the use of echocardiography in adult patients on VV-ECMO support are reported. To date, echocardiography is mainly used for selecting the type of ECMO (VA vs VV), monitoring cannulation and the early detection of complications, but it is underused in patients supported by VV-ECMO. Nevertheless, in these patients, this methodology can provide useful information in monitoring cardiac function, cannula positioning, pericardial fluid (for early detection of tamponade) during ECMO support, and therefore it can contribute to the integrated assessment and management of these complex patients. There is a clinical need to elaborate shared protocols for echocardiography use during VV ECMO support, particularly at this time when advanced echocardiography is gaining interest among intensivists.
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Severe Portopulmonary Hypertension following Liver Transplantation: Brief Report. Int J Artif Organs 2015; 38:337-42. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with severe portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) responsive to medical therapy may be considered for liver transplantation. We present a case of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) resuscitation for PoPH crisis in a child following liver transplantation (LT), and review the literature on management of this challenging setting. Case report A 7-year-old girl, with previous Kasai portoenterostomy and subsequent severe PoPH responsive to pulmonary vasodilator therapy, underwent orthotopic LT. Five days following surgery, she had an asystolic arrest with suprasystemic pulmonary hypertension, and was resuscitated with ECMO therapy. Multi-modal strategies included sildenafil, ambrisentan, nitric oxide, intravenous Epoprostenol infusion, levosimendan, and atrial septostomy. Ten days after her LT, exploration for bleeding was necessary following abdominal drain removal. By 10 days of ECMO support, she was reviewed and considered for lung transplantation. Unfortunately, she deteriorated precipitously with abdominal compartment syndrome and multi-organ failure; sadly, life support was withdrawn 23 days after transplantation. Discussion Patients with severe PoPH may need combined thoracic organ and liver transplantation either at single or serial events. Case reports on ECMO use include resuscitation after massive pulmonary embolism during liver transplantation, bridge until the goal of vasodilatory therapy was reached in worsening PoPH following LT, and bridge to lung or repeat liver transplantation for severe pulmonary hypertension. Conclusions ECMO resuscitation and support may be deployed as rescue therapy around the period of liver transplantation. We highlight the importance of patient selection and high risk of complications during ECMO therapy as a bridge to PoPH control.
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Auzinger G, Willars C, Loveridge R, Best T, Vercueil A, Prachalias A, Heneghan MA, Wendon J. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory hypoxemia after liver transplantation in severe hepatopulmonary syndrome: a solution with pitfalls. Liver Transpl 2014; 20:1141-4. [PMID: 24916167 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Auzinger
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Aldenkortt F, Aldenkortt M, Caviezel L, Waeber JL, Weber A, Schiffer E. Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8072-8081. [PMID: 25009379 PMCID: PMC4081678 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i25.8072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) are two frequent complications of liver disease, with prevalence among liver transplant candidates of 6% and 10%, respectively. Both conditions result from a lack of hepatic clearance of vasoactive substances produced in the splanchnic territory. Subsequently, these substances cause mainly pulmonary vascular remodeling and some degree of vasoconstriction in POPH with resulting elevated pulmonary pressure and right ventricular dysfunction. In HPS the vasoactive mediators cause intrapulmonary shunts with hypoxemia. Medical treatment is disappointing overall. Whereas liver transplantation (LT) results in the disappearance of HPS within six to twelve months, its effect on POPH is highly unpredictable. Modern strategies in managing HPS and POPH rely on a thorough screening and grading of the disease’s severity, in order to tailor the appropriate therapy and select only the patients who will benefit from LT. The anesthesiologist plays a central role in managing these high-risk patients. Indeed, the important hemodynamic and respiratory modifications of the perioperative period must be avoided through continuation of the preoperatively initiated drugs, appropriate intraoperative monitoring and proper hemodynamic and respiratory therapies.
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Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary complication observed in patients with chronic liver disease and/or portal hypertension, attributable to an intrapulmonary vascular dilatation that induces severe hypoxaemia. Considering the favourable long-term survival of HPS patients as well as the reversal of the syndrome with a functional liver graft, HPS is now an indication for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Consequently, blood gas analysis and imaging techniques should be performed when cirrhotic patients present with shortness of breath as well as when OLT candidates are placed on the transplant waiting list. If the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) is more than 10.7 kPa when breathing room air, HPS can be excluded and no other investigation is needed. When the PaO2 when breathing room air is 10.7 kPa or less, contrast-enhanced echocardiography should be performed to exclude pulmonary vascular dilatation. Lung function tests may also help detect additional pulmonary diseases that can contribute to impaired oxygenation. When contrast-enhanced echocardiography is negative, HPS is excluded and no follow-up is needed. When contrast-enhanced echocardiography is positive and PaO2 less than 8 kPa, patients should obtain a severity score that provides them with a reasonable probability of being transplanted within 3 months. In mild-to-moderate HPS (PaO2 8 to 10.6 kPa), periodic follow-up is recommended every 3 months to detect any further deterioration in PaO2. Although no intraoperative deaths have been directly attributed to HPS, oxygenation may worsen immediately following OLT due to volume overload and postoperative infections. Mechanical ventilation is often prolonged with an extended stay in the ICU. A high postoperative mortality (mostly within 6 months) is observed in this group of patients in comparison to non-HPS patients. However, the recovery of an adequate PaO2 within 12 months after OLT explains the similar outcome of HPS and non-HPS patients following OLT over a longer time period.
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Levesque E, Saliba F, Ichaï P, Samuel D. Outcome of patients with cirrhosis requiring mechanical ventilation in ICU. J Hepatol 2014; 60:570-8. [PMID: 24280294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mortality rate of patients with cirrhosis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and requiring mechanical ventilation varies between 60 and 91%. The aim of our study is to assess the prognosis of these patients, their 1-year outcome and to analyze predictive factors of long-term mortality. METHODS From May 2005 to May 2011, we studied 246 consecutive patients with cirrhosis requiring mechanical ventilation either at admission or during their ICU stay. RESULTS Alcohol was the most common etiology of the cirrhosis (69%). Bleeding related to portal hypertension (30%) and severe sepsis (33%) were the most common reasons for admission. ICU and hospital mortality were respectively 65.9% and 70.3%. Prognostic severity scores, the need for other organ support therapy, infection, and total bilirubin value at ICU admission were significantly associated with ICU mortality. Eighty-four patients (34.1%) were discharged from the ICU. Among these patients, the one-year survival was only of 32%. Logistic regression analysis, using survival at one year as the endpoint, identified two independent risk factors: the length of ventilation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.2; p = 0.02) and total bilirubin at ICU discharge (OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Patients with cirrhosis admitted to the liver ICU and who required mechanical ventilation have a poor prognosis with a 1-year mortality of 89%. At ICU discharge, a total bilirubin level higher than 64.5 μmol/L and length of ventilation higher than 9 days could help the hepatologists to identify patients at risk of death in the year following the ICU discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Levesque
- AP-HP Hôpital Henri Mondor, Anesthésie et Réanimations Chirurgicales, Créteil, France; AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France
| | - Faouzi Saliba
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France; Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, France; Inserm, Unité 785, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Philippe Ichaï
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France; Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, France; Inserm, Unité 785, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France; Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, France; Inserm, Unité 785, 94800 Villejuif, France
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Auzinger G, Willars C, Loveridge R, Vercueil A, Best T, Wendon J. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before and after adult liver transplantation: worth the effort? Crit Care 2014. [PMCID: PMC4068239 DOI: 10.1186/cc13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Yoo CS, Shin YH, Ko JS, Gwak MS, Kim GS. Anesthetic management including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy of liver transplant recipient with life-threatening hypoxemia -a case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol 2013; 65:151-7. [PMID: 24023999 PMCID: PMC3766782 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2013.65.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a rare case of successful anesthetic management for a patient who had refractory hypoxia during liver transplantation (LT) with intraoperative veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. A 49 year-old female patient underwent living donor LT. After reperfusion of the grafted liver, graft congestion and massive oozing developed. Thus it was decided to reoperate with a temporary gauze packing. However, the patient's condition deteriorated with azotemia and severe hypoxemia. VV ECMO with continuous renal replacement therapy was started 24 hours before secondary LT and maintained during secondary LT. VV ECMO was weaned 32 hours after secondary LT. This case indicates that not only after the LT but also before and during LT, VV ECMO can be a treatment option for the patient with end-stage liver disease combined with respiratory failure when there is the possibility of lung recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Seon Yoo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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