• Advance directives
• American and Taiwanese adults
• Cross-cultural comparison
• End-of-life care

• Humans
• Taiwan
• Female
• Male
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• United States/ethnology
• Terminal Care/psychology
• Terminal Care/methods
• Advance Directives/psychology
• Advance Directives/ethnology
• Middle Aged
• Adult
• Aged
• Decision Making
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Logistic Models
• Patient Preference/psychology
• Cross-Cultural Comparison
• Advance Care Planning

• 111-2410-H-002-123-SS2 Taiwan National Science and Technology Council
• NTU-114L900401 Population Health and Welfare Research Center from Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan

• advance directives
• anatomical gifts
• death and dying
• decision-making
• funeral
• organ donation

• Humans
• Advance Directives
• United States
• Terminal Care
• Advance Care Planning
• Patient Preference
• Autopsy
• Male
• Female

• Immunology and organ rejection
• Liver grafts allocation
• Liver transplantation
• Model for end-stage liver disease
• Types of liver transplantation techniques

• chronic pain
• drug enforcement administration
• ethics
• psychedelics
• research

• anatomy acts
• dead human rights
• donated human bodies
• human tissue act
• unclaimed bodies

• brain death organ management
• cardiac death
• organ donation
• organ donor management
• organ procurement

• Humans
• Tissue Donors
• Tissue and Organ Procurement

Brain donation is a challenging process, comprising four sequential stages: (1) the brain donation decision, (2) pre-mortem arrangements and follow up, (3) specimen collection and (4) tissue processing. It is important to understand the factors that are pertinent to each stage. Currently, there is extensive information on factors that involve donor’s personal and cultural backgrounds and how these could affect the process. However, little is known about disease-specific factors that influence the process. The Essential Tremor Centralized Brain Repository was established in 2003, and after nearly 20 years of collecting essential tremor (ET) brain tissue, we are well-positioned to discuss the brain donation process from a disease-specific standpoint. In the current manuscript, we discuss ET disease-specific factors that influence the first two stages of the brain donation process. We center our discussion around three points: (1) factors that influence the patient’s decision to donate, (2) the involvement of next of kin in the donation, and (3) the rationale for enrolling patients prospectively and evaluating them longitudinally before the anatomical gift takes place. This discussion shares our understanding of the background from which our repository operates and may be of value for other brain banks that study similar neurodegenerative diseases.

Anatomy Nights is an international public engagement event created to bring anatomy and anatomists back to public spaces with the goal of increasing the public’s understanding of their own anatomy by comparison with non-human tissues. The event consists of a 30-minute mini-lecture on the anatomy of a specific anatomical organ followed by a dissection of animal tissues to demonstrate the same organ anatomy. Before and after the lecture and dissection, participants complete research surveys designed to assess prior knowledge and knowledge gained as a result of participation in the event, respectively. This study reports the results of Anatomy Nights brain events held at four different venues in the UK and USA in 2018 and 2019. Two general questions were asked of the data: 1) Do participant post-event test scores differ from pre-event scores; and 2) Are there differences in participant scores based on location, educational background, and career. We addressed these questions using a combination of generalized linear models (R’s glm function; R version 4.1.0 [R Core Team, 2014]) that assumed a binomial distribution and implemented a logit link function, as well as likelihood estimates to compare models. Survey data from 91 participants indicate that scores improve on post-event tests compared to pre-event tests, and these results hold irrespective of location, educational background, and career. In the pre-event tests, participants performed well on naming structures with an English name (frontal lobe and brainstem), and showed signs of improvement on other anatomical names in the post-test. Despite this improvement in knowledge, we found no evidence that participation in Anatomy Nights improved participants’ ability to apply this knowledge to neuroanatomical contexts (e.g., stroke).

• Anatomy/education
• Brain
• Curriculum
• Dissection
• Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods
• Educational Measurement
• Head
• Humans
• Students, Medical
• Surveys and Questionnaires

In 2019, 1,630 organs were recovered from 450 brain death donors nationwide and were transplanted into 1,612 transplant recipients. However, considering that the number of potential brain-dead linked to the Korea Organ Donation Agency (KODA) information center was 2,484, only 18.1% of the linked brain-dead donated successfully. Of the 1,606 people who were available for family interviews, 67.0% refused to donate, so their cause analysis and countermeasures are needed. In particular, 203 reported cases died during the early period of donor evaluation, so we need a special concern on these cases. After consent, 67 cases failed to donate due to death or poor organ condition, and this raises the question of the possibility of shortening brain death management time. The average time interval from the first investigation to the completion of the second investigation (11.5 hours), until obtaining a flat electroencephalogram (5.3 hours) and conclusion of the brain death committee is 5.9 hours. Reducing unnecessary brain death management time is expected to improve the quality of organs and increase the number of organs to be recovered. Therefore, efforts to accurately identify and report potential brain death, and efforts to reduce the time spent in confirming brain death together with improving awareness of organ donation in people across the country are necessary to increase the number of deceased donors even in the current brain death management system. Implementation of donation after circulatory death for mortality case during the donor management is also urgent.

• Brain Donation;
• Facilitators
• Health Equity
• Older Adults
• Qualitative Focus Groups

• African American
• Communication
• Decision making
• Disparities
• Organ donation

As an overrepresented population on the transplant waitlist, stagnated rates of organ donation registration among Latinxs must be redressed. Promotoras (community health workers), who are effective at advocating and spearheading health promotion efforts in the Latinx community, show promise in their ability to educate about organ donation and donor registration.

This study aimed (1) to develop an interactive, evidence-based program to educate promotoras about organ donation, the need for organ donors in the Latinx American community, and ways to register as deceased organ donors and (2) to train promotoras to lead discussions about organ donation and to promote the act of donor registration.

In partnership with 4 promotoras organizations, the culturally targeted Promotoras de Donación eLearning module was developed based on input from 12 focus groups conducted with Latina women (n=61) and promotoras (n=37). Formative work, existing literature, the Vested Interest Theory, and the Organ Donation Model guided curriculum development. In partnership with the Gift of Life Institute and regional promotoras, the curriculum was designed, filmed, and developed in a visually appealing module interface. The module was beta-tested with promotoras before launch.

Promotoras de Donación, available in Spanish with English subtitling, lasts just over an hour. The module comprised 6 sections including various activities and videos, with the curriculum divided into a skills-based communication component and a didactic educational component. Pre- and posttests assessed the module’s direct effects on promotoras’ organ donation knowledge and attitudes as well as confidence promoting the act of donor registration.

This novel, theoretically and empirically based intervention leveraged the existing network of promotoras to promote the act of donor registration. Future research should assess whether the module helps increase rates of donor registration within Latinx communities and reduce disparities in access to transplantation.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04007419; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04007419

• Hispanic Americans
• education
• organ donation
• program development
• program evaluation

• alcoholism and substance abuse
• deceased
• extended criteria
• organ procurement organization

This article presents a fact-based, direct approach in order to evaluate the strengths and short comings of both local eye banks and larger companies that have penetrated the market of eye donation. By taking a non-biased approach to the topic, the goal of this article is to create a platform, which furthers the discussion. We focus on SightLife and CorneaGen as well as local eye banks and how their models differ in terms of tissue procurement, distribution, and surgeon partnership.

• CorneaGen
• Lions Eye Bank
• SightLife
• cornea transplant

• Comprehension
• Ethics, Research
• Heart, Artificial/ethics
• Heart, Artificial/psychology
• Heart-Assist Devices/ethics
• Heart-Assist Devices/psychology
• Human Body
• Human Experimentation/ethics
• Humans
• Informed Consent/ethics
• Logic
• Man-Machine Systems
• Narration
• Personhood
• Prosthesis Implantation/ethics
• Prosthesis Implantation/psychology
• Stress, Psychological/etiology
• Time

• Humans
• Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence
• Tissue and Organ Procurement/ethics
• Tissue and Organ Procurement/legislation & jurisprudence

• brain death
• circulatory death
• ethics
• heart-beating organ procurement
• impaired consciousness
• non-heart-beating organ procurement
• neurological criteria of death
• organ transplantation
• physician-assisted death
• vegetative state

• Brain Death/classification
• Consciousness
• Ethics, Medical
• Humans
• Persistent Vegetative State
• Philosophy, Medical
• Practice Guidelines as Topic
• Religion
• Suicide, Assisted/ethics
• Terminal Care/ethics
• Tissue and Organ Procurement/ethics

• Caregivers/economics
• Caregivers/psychology
• Financing, Personal
• Heart Failure/therapy
• Humans
• Informed Consent
• Palliative Care
• Quality of Life
• Self-Help Devices/adverse effects
• Self-Help Devices/economics
• Self-Help Devices/ethics
• Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

• Cultural Characteristics
• Humans
• Presumed Consent/ethics
• Presumed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence
• Tissue and Organ Procurement/ethics
• Tissue and Organ Procurement/legislation & jurisprudence
• United Kingdom
• Vulnerable Populations/legislation & jurisprudence

• Critical Care/methods
• Decision Making
• Humans
• Organ Transplantation/legislation & jurisprudence
• Patient Rights
• Tissue and Organ Procurement/legislation & jurisprudence
• United States

• Death
• Decision Making
• Eligibility Determination
• Humans
• Living Donors
• Organ Transplantation
• Physician's Role
• Tissue and Organ Procurement
• United States

• Decision Making
• Emergency Service, Hospital/ethics
• Emergency Service, Hospital/standards
• Emergency Treatment/ethics
• Emergency Treatment/standards
• Humans
• Informed Consent/ethics
• Informed Consent/standards
• Patient Participation
• Patient Rights/ethics
• Patient Rights/standards
• Personal Autonomy
• Sample Size
• United States