Effects of exercise-cognitive dual-task training on elderly patients with cognitive frailty and depression

Table 1 Comparison of Tilburg frailty indicator scores and Montreal cognitive assessment scores before and after intervention in both groups

Group	TF scores		MoCA scores
	Before intervention	After intervention	Before intervention	After intervention
Trial group (n = 65)	7.80 ± 1.19	5.32 ± 0.69	21.20 ± 1.56	24.06 ± 0.99
Control group (n = 65)	7.92 ± 1.17	5.71 ± 0.55	20.80 ± 1.48	23.43 ± 1.40
t	-0.593	-3.520	1.498	2.889
P value	0.554	0.001	0.137	0.005

TF: Tilburg frailty indicator; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment scores.

Table 2 Comparison of Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment and general self-efficacy scale scores before and after intervention in both groups

Group	POMA scores		GSES scores
	Before intervention	After intervention	Before intervention	After intervention
Trial group (n = 65)	19.20 ± 1.48	21.81 ± 1.24	19.49 ± 4.45	30.05 ± 2.66
Control group (n = 65)	19.58 ± 1.14	21.15 ± 1.26	18.47 ± 4.63	28.27 ± 2.66
t	-1.657	3.126	1.319	3.931
P value	0.100	0.002	0.189	< 0.001

POMA: Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment; GSES: General self-efficacy scale.

Table 3 Comparison of Hamilton depression scale scores before and after intervention

Group	Before intervention		After intervention
	Anxiety	Depression	Anxiety	Depression
Trial group (n = 65)	8.24 ± 0.68	8.37 ± 0.72	5.86 ± 0.68	5.67 ± 0.75
Control group (n = 65)	8.30 ± 0.65	8.51 ± 0.69	6.21 ± 0.64	6.27 ± 0.92
t	-0.522	-1.122	-3.030	-4.052
P value	0.603	0.264	0.003	< 0.001

Table 4 Comparison of 36-item short form survey scores before and after intervention in both groups

Items	Before intervention				After intervention
	Trial group	Control group	t	P value	Trial group	Control group	t	P value
Physical function	60.60 ± 3.73	59.31 ± 4.02	1.898	0.060	89.42 ± 5.05	77.25 ± 3.98	15.248	< 0.001
Role physical	61.25 ± 3.52	60.77 ± 3.51	0.772	0.442	87.72 ± 5.04	78.91 ± 4.02	11.019	< 0.001
Bodily pain	60.11 ± 3.18	61.22 ± 3.51	-1.873	0.063	87.75 ± 5.17	79.75 ± 3.97	9.500	< 0.001
Vitality	61.14 ± 3.30	60.17 ± 3.63	1.586	0.115	88.23 ± 4.03	78.43 ± 5.17	8.178	< 0.001
Social function	58.05 ± 3.37	58.28 ± 3.05	-0.409	0.686	88.69 ± 5.19	78.28 ± 3.37	11.282	< 0.001
Mental health	55.09 ± 2.51	57.80 ± 2.37	0.681	0.497	87.88 ± 4.64	78.31 ± 3.87	12.762	< 0.001
Role emotional	58.17 ± 2.69	58.22 ± 3.58	-0.083	0.934	82.85 ± 4.72	79.28 ± 3.37	4.956	< 0.001
General health	56.91 ± 3.16	57.38 ± 3.17	-0.865	0.398	87.60 ± 4.62	82.49 ± 3.21	7.316	< 0.001