Analysis of clinical and psychological characteristics of 225 children with autism spectrum disorder based on the C-PEP-3 scale

Table 1 General information

	Sex (mean ± SD)		t	P value
	Male (n = 188)	Female (n = 37)
Age	4.65 ± 1.23	4.48 ± 1.10	0.773	0.440

Table 2 Comparison of gender differences in scores of various functional areas

Categories	Sex (mean ± SD)		t	P value
	Male (n = 188)	Female (n = 37)
Imitation (P)	5.05 ± 2.39	4.68 ± 2.27	0.885	0.377
Perception (P)	6.61 ± 1.67	6.11 ± 1.71	1.653	0.100
Fine motor (P)	4.74 ± 1.87	4.81 ± 1.93	-0.211	0.833
Gross motor (P)	8.79 ± 1.47	8.68 ± 1.38	0.446	0.656
Hand-eye coordination (P)	7.05 ± 2.31	6.81 ± 2.20	0.588	0.557
Cognitive performance (P)	6.95 ± 3.97	6.41 ± 3.35	0.785	0.434
Verbal cognition (P)	5.85 ± 3.73	5.05 ± 3.82	1.183	0.238
Emotions (S)	1.16 ± 1.29	1.30 ± 1.05	-0.612	0.541
Interpersonal relationships (S)	1.45 ± 1.59	1.32 ± 1.20	0.445	0.657
Game and item preferences (S)	1.26 ± 1.51	1.27 ± 1.54	-0.055	0.956
Sensory patterns (S)	2.38 ± 1.92	2.54 ± 2.21	-0.460	0.646
Language (S)	2.95 ± 2.35	3.43 ± 2.19	-1.160	0.247

Table 3 Comparison of scores between different age groups in various functional areas

Categories	Age groups (mean ± SD)		t	P value
	< 3.5 years old (n = 113)	> 3.5 years old (n = 112)
Imitation (P)	5.55 ± 2.37	4.43 ± 2.25	3.637	0.000b
Perception (P)	6.69 ± 1.71	6.36 ± 1.64	1.489	0.138
Fine motor (P)	5.47 ± 1.87	4.03 ± 1.59	6.240	0.000b
Gross motor (P)	9.21 ± 1.31	8.33 ± 1.46	4.766	0.000b
Hand-eye coordination (P)	7.98 ± 2.42	6.04 ± 1.66	7.041	0.000b
Cognitive performance (P)	7.73 ± 4.26	5.99 ± 3.23	3.445	0.001b
Verbal cognition (P)	6.64 ± 3.93	4.79 ± 3.32	3.798	0.000b
Emotions (S)	1.27 ± 1.36	1.09 ± 1.12	1.113	0.267
Interpersonal relationships (S)	1.46 ± 1.51	1.39 ± 1.55	0.330	0.742
Game and item preferences (S)	1.32 ± 1.54	1.20 ± 1.48	0.606	0.545
Sensory patterns (S)	2.49 ± 2.21	2.32 ± 1.69	0.631	0.529
Language (S)	2.88 ± 2.41	3.18 ± 2.25	-0.974	0.331

^bP < 0.01.

Table 4 Difference between the equivalent months of age and the actual age in each developmental function area of C-PEP-3

Project (months)	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Standard deviation	Median
Imitation	-13.800	56.800	20.553	14.064	19.400
Perception	-24.680	58.000	16.375	14.934	16.000
Fine motor	-21.680	52.800	19.433	13.291	18.200
Gross motor	-21.600	51.400	13.038	13.714	12.600
Hand-eye coordination	-27.600	49.600	14.447	12.496	14.400
Cognitive performance	-26.600	63.800	21.002	15.588	20.200
Verbal cognition	-26.680	64.800	17.565	15.015	16.600

Table 5 Relationship between the score of developmental functional areas and the score of the pathological scale

Categories	Imitation (P)	Perception (P)	Fine motor (P)	Gross motor (P)	Hand-eye coordination (P)	Cognitive performance (P)	Verbal cognition (P)
Emotions (S)	-0.216b	-0.184b	-0.118	-0.021	-0.208b	-0.281b	-0.210b
Interpersonal relationships (S)	-0.319b	-0.310b	-0.249b	-0.149a	-0.313b	-0.413b	-0.274b
Game and item preferences (S)	-0.269b	-0.280b	-0.166a	-0.136a	-0.291b	-0.379b	-0.236b
Sensory patterns (S)	-0.174b	-0.245b	-0.108	-0.068	-0.166a	-0.212b	-0.048
Language (S)	-0.326b	-0.256b	-0.196b	-0.235b	-0.311b	-0.428b	-0.283b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

Table 6 Relationship between scores of functional areas and age

Categories	Mean	SD	r
Imitation (P)	4.991	2.372	0.331b
Perception (P)	6.524	1.683	0.204b
Fine motor (P)	4.751	1.876	0.485b
Gross motor (P)	8.773	1.454	0.422b
Hand-eye coordination (P)	7.013	2.29	0.557b
Cognitive performance (P)	6.862	3.871	0.318b
Verbal cognition (P)	5.72	3.748	0.352b
Emotions (S)	1.182	1.249	0.011
Interpersonal relationships (S)	1.427	1.528	0.01
Game and item preferences (S)	1.258	1.51	0.013
Sensory patterns (S)	2.404	1.964	0.01
Language (S)	3.027	2.33	-0.07

^bP < 0.01.