Cognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder alone versus those with bipolar disorder comorbid with borderline personality disorder

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data among groups

Group	Number of cases	Gender		Age (years)	Body mass index (kg/m2)	Years of education	Course of disease (years)	Type
		Male	Female					Bipolar depression	Bipolar mania
A	80	46 (57.50)	34 (42.50)	31.29 ± 9.73	22.10 ± 2.22	10.88 ± 2.11	6.44 ± 1.25	43 (53.75)	37 (46.25)
B	80	44 (55.00)	36 (45.00)	30.05 ± 9.85	22.16 ± 2.31	10.73 ± 2.08	6.36 ± 1.20	45 (56.25)	35 (43.75)
Control	80	45 (56.25)	35 (43.75)	31.40 ± 9.60	22.40 ± 2.21	10.66 ± 2.10	-	-	-
F/t/χ²		0.102		0.893	0.911	0.771	0.413	0.101
P value		0.950		0.771	0.704	0.723	0.680	0.751

Table 2 Comparison of repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status assessment, Stroop color-word test, and Wechsler intelligence scale-revised scores in each group

Index	Group A (n = 80)	Group B (n = 80)	Control group (n = 80)	F	P value
RBANS
Immediate memory score	61.45 ± 9.50a,c	66.99 ± 9.32a	81.14 ± 9.21	21.211	0.000
Visual breadth score	66.12 ± 8.86a,c	70.12 ± 9.02a	80.30 ± 9.40	20.043	0.005
Speech function score	77.02 ± 9.40a,c	84.19 ± 9.54a	92.21 ± 10.02	11.281	0.000
Attention function score	83.67 ± 10.23a	84.32 ± 10.41a	105.54 ± 11.21	8.911	0.691
Delayed memory score	70.85 ± 9.82a	71.22 ± 9.13a	87.71 ± 9.40	7.102	0.805
Total score	67.10 ± 9.65a,c	72.68 ± 9.43a	86.60 ± 11.43	9.019	0.000
Stroop color-word test
Single word time (s)	15.23 ± 2.12a,c	13.10 ± 2.12a	11.02 ± 2.02	10.102	0.000
Single color time (s)	20.12 ± 3.04a,c	18.33 ± 3.12a	15.53 ± 2.21	12.043	0.000
Double word time (s)	16.81 ± 2.32a,c	14.23 ± 2.22a	12.02 ± 2.33	11.733	0.000
Double color time (s)	36.43 ± 7.12a,c	30.15 ± 6.90a	26.60 ± 3.22	12.102	0.000
WAIS-RC
Verbal IQ score	89.20 ± 9.32a,c	96.66 ± 9.12a	106.32 ± 9.54	13.322	0.000
Performance IQ score	83.30 ± 4.11a,c	88.82 ± 5.03a	101.11 ± 8.28	21.123	0.000
Overall IQ score	92.21 ± 9.12a,c	97.33 ± 10.13a	107.73 ± 9.22	20.033	0.000

^aP < 0.05 vs control group.

^cP < 0.05 vs group B. RBANS: Repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status; WAIS-RC: Wechsler intelligence scale-revised.

Table 3 Comparison of repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status assessment, Stroop color word test, and Wechsler intelligence scale-revised scores in bipolar depression patients between group A and group B

Index	Group A (n = 43)	Group B (n = 45)	t	P value
RBANS
Immediate memory score	61.51 ± 9.21	67.02 ± 9.04	-2.832	0.006
Visual breadth score	65.12 ± 8.01	70.31 ± 8.44	-2.956	0.004
Speech function score	76.89 ± 9.15	83.32 ± 9.10	-3.304	0.001
Attention function score	83.80 ± 10.00	84.18 ± 10.14	-0.177	0.860
Delayed memory score	71.02 ± 9.14	70.43 ± 9.04	0.304	0.762
Total score	66.83 ± 9.02	72.23 ± 9.15	-2.787	0.007
Stroop color-word test
Single word time (s)	15.12 ± 2.09	13.02 ± 2.10	4.700	0.000
Single color time (s)	19.82 ± 2.43	18.20 ± 2.43	3.126	0.002
Double word time (s)	16.92 ± 2.30	14.15 ± 2.10	5.904	0.000
Double color time (s)	35.92 ± 7.09	29.94 ± 6.16	4.229	0.000
WAIS-RC
Verbal IQ score	90.11 ± 9.14	97.02 ± 9.40	-3.494	0.001
Performance IQ score	83.12 ± 4.88	89.02 ± 5.14	-5.517	0.000
Overall IQ score	91.34 ± 9.05	97.50 ± 10.10	-3.008	0.003

RBANS: Repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status; WAIS-RC: Wechsler intelligence scale-revised.

Table 4 Comparison of repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status assessment, Stroop color word test, and Wechsler intelligence scale-revised scores in patients with bipolar mania between group A and group B

Index	Group A (n = 37)	Group B (n = 35)	t	P value
RBANS
Immediate memory score	61.38 ± 9.03	66.95 ± 9.10	-2.606	0.011
Visual breadth score	67.28 ± 8.14	69.88 ± 8.56	-1.321	0.191
Speech function score	77.17 ± 9.04	85.31 ± 9.05	-3.817	0.000
Attention function score	83.52 ± 10.16	84.50 ± 10.22	-0.408	0.685
Delayed memory score	70.65 ± 9.15	72.24 ± 9.09	-0.739	0.462
Total score	67.41 ± 9.10	73.26 ± 9.15	-2.719	0.008
Stroop color-word test
Single word time (s)	15.35 ± 2.17	13.20 ± 2.14	4.230	0.000
Single color time (s)	20.47 ± 2.12	18.49 ± 2.05	4.025	0.000
Double word time (s)	16.68 ± 2.11	14.33 ± 2.21	4.616	0.000
Double color time (s)	37.02 ± 7.40	30.42 ± 6.24	4.080	0.000
WAIS-RC
Verbal IQ score	88.14 ± 9.23	96.20 ± 9.31	-3.688	0.000
Performance IQ score	83.51 ± 4.50	88.56 ± 5.14	-4.442	0.000
Overall IQ score	93.02 ± 9.14	97.91 ± 10.11	-2.155	0.035

RBANS: Repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status; WAIS-RC: Wechsler intelligence scale-revised.