Effects of hormone replacement therapy on mood and sleep quality in menopausal women

Table 1 Comparison of baseline information between the two groups

Baseline information		Control, n = 76	Observation, n = 76	t/χ2	P value
Age in years		55.02 ± 4.05	54.59 ± 4.26	0.638	0.525
Disease duration in years		3.86 ± 1.14	4.12 ± 1.30	1.311	0.192
Body mass index in kg/m2		24.87 ± 0.95	25.04 ± 0.92	0.121	0.264
Educational level	High school and below	49 (64.47)	45 (59.21)	0.446	0.504
	Above high school	27 (35.53)	31 (40.79)

Data are mean ± SD or n (%).

Table 2 Comparison of symptom improvement between the two groups

Content	Time	Control, n = 76	Observation, n = 76	t value	P value
Hot flashes and sweating	Pre-treatment	8.35 ± 1.27	8.20 ± 1.32	0.714	0.476
	Post-treatment	4.24 ± 1.18a	3.78 ± 1.09a	2.496	0.014
Abnormal sensations	Pre-treatment	3.52 ± 0.47	3.43 ± 0.50	1.143	0.255
	Post-treatment	2.05 ± 0.36a	1.93 ± 0.24a	2.418	0.017
Insomnia	Pre-treatment	3.23 ± 0.61	3.35 ± 0.58	1.243	0.216
	Post-treatment	2.14 ± 0.43a	1.98 ± 0.32a	2.602	0.010
Agitation	Pre-treatment	3.12 ± 0.45	3.03 ± 0.37	1.347	0.180
	Post-treatment	1.69 ± 0.28a	1.60 ± 0.15a	2.470	0.015
Depression	Pre-treatment	1.87 ± 0.36	1.90 ± 0.42	0.473	0.637
	Post-treatment	1.15 ± 0.19a	1.09 ± 0.10a	2.436	0.016
Vertigo	Pre-treatment	1.41 ± 0.29	1.38 ± 0.27	0.660	0.510
	Post-treatment	1.01 ± 0.17a	0.95 ± 0.08a	2.784	0.006
Bone and joint pain/muscle pain	Pre-treatment	1.93 ± 0.35	1.87 ± 0.40	0.984	0.327
	Post-treatment	1.31 ± 0.22a	1.24 ± 0.09a	2.567	0.011
Headaches	Pre-treatment	1.61 ± 0.53	1.58 ± 0.60	0.327	0.744
	Post-treatment	1.02 ± 0.34a	0.90 ± 0.23a	2.549	0.012
Fatigue	Pre-treatment	1.73 ± 0.42	1.68 ± 0.37	0.779	0.437
	Post-treatment	1.19 ± 0.30a	1.08 ± 0.24a	2.496	0.014
Palpitations	Pre-treatment	1.49 ± 0.38	1.52 ± 0.43	0.456	0.649
	Post-treatment	0.83 ± 0.25a	0.74 ± 0.19a	2.499	0.014
Crawling sensation of the skin	Pre-treatment	1.17 ± 0.26	1.22 ± 0.30	1.098	0.274
	Post-treatment	0.73 ± 0.18a	0.67 ± 0.10a	2.540	0.012
Sexuality	Pre-treatment	3.47 ± 0.58	3.38 ± 0.61	0.932	0.353
	Post-treatment	2.03 ± 0.35a	1.90 ± 0.24a	2.671	0.008
Urinary tract infection	Pre-treatment	3.02 ± 0.49	3.06 ± 0.54	0.478	0.633
	Post-treatment	1.88 ± 0.36a	1.75 ± 0.27a	2.518	0.013

^aP < 0.05 compared with this group before treatment.

Data are mean ± SD.

Table 3 Comparison between emotional states observed in the two groups

Group	n	Positive emotions		Negative emotions
		Pre-treatment	Post-treatment	Pre-treatment	Post-treatment
Control	76	20.45 ± 5.23	32.79 ± 5.46a	34.58 ± 5.69	22.81 ± 5.37a
Observation	76	20.59 ± 5.37	35.08 ± 5.54a	34.23 ± 5.72	20.64 ± 5.15a
t value		0.163	2.567	0.378	2.543
P value		0.871	0.011	0.706	0.012

^aP < 0.05 compared with this group before treatment.

Data are mean ± SD.

Table 4 Comparison between sleep quality of the two groups

Group	n	Insufficient sleep		Poor quality of sleep		Insufficient sleep or wakefulness		Sleep duration		Difficulty in sleeping
		Pre-treatment	Post-treatment	Pre-treatment	Post-treatment	Pre-treatment	Post-treatment	Pre-treatment	Post-treatment	Pre-treatment	Post-treatment
Control	76	3.47 ± 0.81	2.21 ± 0.53a	2.91 ± 0.67	2.08 ± 0.35a	3.08 ± 0.72	2.39 ± 0.48a	2.84 ± 0.52	2.02 ± 0.31a	2.69 ± 0.40	1.77 ± 0.24a
Observation	76	3.52 ± 0.79	2.02 ± 0.38a	2.88 ± 0.70	1.96 ± 0.23a	3.11 ± 0.69	2.22 ± 0.31a	2.90 ± 0.57	1.91 ± 0.24a	2.73 ± 0.46	1.69 ± 0.15a
t value		0.385	2.540	0.270	2.498	0.262	2.594	0.678	2.446	0.572	2.464
P value		0.701	0.012	0.788	0.014	0.793	0.010	0.499	0.016	0.568	0.015

^aP < 0.05 compared to this group before treatment.

Data are mean ± SD.

Table 5 Comparison of treatment effectiveness between the two groups

Group	n	Curable	Conspicuous effect	Efficiently	Null	Overall effectiveness of treatment
Control	76	20 (26.32)	29 (38.16)	17 (22.37)	10 (13.16)	66 (86.84)
Observation	76	24 (31.58)	30 (39.47)	19 (25.00)	3 (3.95)	73 (96.05)
χ2						4.121
P value						0.042

Data are n (%).

Table 6 Comparison between treatment safety in the two groups

Group	n	Nausea and vomiting	Breast swelling and pain	Irregular vaginal bleeding	Incidence of adverse reactions
Control	76	2 (2.63)	1 (1.32)	2 (2.63)	5 (6.58)
Observation	76	2 (2.63)	3 (3.95)	2 (2.63)	7 (9.21)
χ2					0.361
P value					0.547

Data are n (%).