Clarifying the relationship and analyzing the influential factors of bronchial asthma in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data between the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and control groups

Parameter	ADHD group (n = 183)	Control group (n = 549)	χ2/t	P value
Sex (cases)
Male	96	283	0.046	0.831
Female	87	266
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	9.41 ± 1.68	9.62 ± 1.77	1.407	0.160
Ethnicity (cases)
Han	171	517	0.129	0.720
Non-Han	12	32
Feeding method (cases)
Breastfed	121	383	0.985	0.611
Formula-fed	26	74
Mixed feeding	36	92
Gestational Age at Birth (wk)
Full-term	155	469	0.315	0.855
Preterm	16	50
Postterm	12	30
Brain Injury (cases)
Yes	3	6	0.338	0.561
No	180	543
Family history of asthma/allergic diseases (cases)
Yes	41	65	12.371	< 0.001
No	142	484

ADHD: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Table 2 Comparison of parental data between the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and control groups

Parameter	ADHD group (n = 183)	Control group (n = 549)	χ2/t	P value
Parental highest educational level (cases)
Junior high school or below	41	125	0.160	0.923
High school or vocational school	54	169
College degree or above	88	255
Average monthly household income (cases)
< 5000 RMB	95	290	0.046	0.831
≥ 5000 RMB	88	259
Maternal pregnancy complications (cases)
Present	31	42	13.191	< 0.001
Absent	152	507
Use of asthma/allergy medications during pregnancy (cases)
Yes	38	59	11.981	0.001
No	145	490
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (cases)
Yes	26	75	0.034	0.853
No	157	474
Maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy (cases)
Yes	28	39	11.091	0.001
No	155	510
Parental relationship status (cases)
Good	141	424	20.052	< 0.001
Average	23	109
Poor	19	16

ADHD: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of factors influencing the asthma comorbidity rate in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Parameter	Comorbid group (n = 25)	Non-comorbid group (n = 158)	χ2/t	P value
Sex (cases)
Male	13	83	0.002	0.961
Female	12	75
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	9.35 ± 1.72	9.49 ± 1.63	0.396	0.693
Ethnicity (cases)
Han	23	148	0.098	0.754
Non-Han	2	10
Feeding method (cases)
Breastfed	16	105	0.395	0.821
Formula-fed	3	23
Mixed feeding	6	30
Gestational age at birth (wk, cases)
Full-term	21	134	0.642	0.726
Preterm	3	13
Postterm	1	11
Brain injury (cases)
Yes	1	2	1.007	0.317
No	24	156
Family history of asthma/allergic diseases (cases)
Yes	9	32	32.821	< 0.001
No	16	517
Maternal pregnancy complications (cases)
Present	16	15	45.581	< 0.001
Absent	9	143
Maternal use of asthma/allergy medications during pregnancy (cases)
Yes	18	20	46.201	< 0.001
No	7	138
Maternal smoking history during pregnancy (cases)
Yes	4	22	0.076	0.782
No	21	136
Maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy (cases)
Yes	15	13	44.641	< 0.001
No	10	145
Parental relationship status (cases)
Good	10	131	36.952	< 0.001
Average	4	19
Poor	11	8

Table 4 Variable assignment details

Variable	Assignment method
Family history of asthma/allergic diseases	No = 0, Yes = 1
Maternal pregnancy complications	No = 0, Yes = 1
Maternal use of asthma/allergy medications during pregnancy	No = 0, Yes = 1
Maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy	No = 0, Yes = 1
Parental relationship	Poor = 1, Average = 2, Good = 3

Table 5 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors influencing the asthma comorbidity rate in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Factors	β	SE	Ward χ2	P value	OR	95%CI
Family history of asthma/allergic diseases	0.992	0.339	7.944	< 0.001	2.697	1.353-5.377
Maternal pregnancy complications	0.813	0.367	5.747	< 0.001	2.254	1.160-4.380
Maternal use of asthma/allergy medications during pregnancy	1.098	0.341	8.950	< 0.001	2.998	1.460-6.155
Maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy	0.933	0.388	7.485	< 0.001	2.542	1.303-4.960
Parental relationship status	0.686	0.339	3.122	0.029	1.985	0.928-4.247