Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Psychiatry. Feb 19, 2024; 14(2): 245-254
Published online Feb 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i2.245
Table 1 Comparison of baseline data of metabolic syndrome patients with and without depression, n (%)

Non-depression (n = 1595)
Depression (n = 938)
P value
Sex
    Male552 (34.61)209 (22.28)< 0.001
    Female1043 (65.39)729 (77.72)
Age, yr58.34 (57.90, 58.78)60.23 (59.65, 60.81)< 0.001
Education
    0 yr403 (25.27)352 (37.53)< 0.001
    1-6 yr612 (38.37)394 (42.00)
    7-12 yr547 (34.29)183 (19.51)
    > 12 yr33 (2.07)9 (0.96)
Marital status
    Married1457 (91.35)783 (83.48)< 0.001
    Other138 (8.65)155 (16.52)
Physical disability
    Yes185 (11.60)186 (19.83)< 0.001
    No1410 (88.40)752 (80.17)
Number of chronic diseases1.53 (1.46, 1.59)2.18 (2.08, 2.29)< 0.001
Height, cm158.42 (157.98, 158.86)155.53 (155.03, 156.02)< 0.001
Weight, kg66.76 (66.15, 67.26)63.51 (62.79, 64.24)< 0.001
Smoking
    Yes469 (29.40)719 (76.65)< 0.001
    No1126 (70.60)219 (23.35)
Drinking
    Yes314 (19.69)108 (11.51)< 0.001
    No1281 (80.31)830 (88.49)
WBC, 109/L6.312 (6.215, 6.410)6.388 (6.250, 6.527)0.911
CRP, mg/L3.20 (2.82, 3.58)3.27 (2.77, 3.78)0.864
UA, mg/dL4.67 (4.61, 4.74)4,43 (4.35, 4.50)< 0.001
CESD4.63 (4.49, 4.76)14.77 (14.50, 15.05)< 0.001
Waist circumference, cm94.21 (93.83, 94.59)93.28 (92.79, 93.76)0.522
TG, mg/dL193.58 (185.88, 201.29)184.17 (175.75, 192.60)0.266
HDL-C, mg/dL41.80 (41.21, 42.39)42.84 (42.09, 43.60)0.020
SBP, mmHg111.94 (111.16, 112.72)112.92 (111.88, 113.96)0.163
DBP, mmHg80.40 (79.78, 81.02)79.89 (79.10, 80.68)0.359
Glu, mg/dL122.19 (119.81, 124.57)120.95 (117.97, 123.93)0.522
Average sleep duration, hour6.72 (6.64, 6.79)5.77 (5.64, 5.90)< 0.001
Nap time, minutes36.52 (34.32, 38.73)31.87 (29.20, 34.54)0.009
Social participation
    Types of activities0.88 (0.84, 0.93)0.67 (0.62, 0.73)< 0.001
    Frequency of activities1.65 (1.55, 1.75)1.29 (1.17, 1.42)< 0.001
PSMS11.69 (11.53, 11.85)15.26 (14.95, 15.58)< 0.001
IADL5.36 (5.29, 5.42)6.58 (6.40, 6.77)< 0.001
Table 2 Factors associated with center for epidemiological survey-depression scale at baseline and follow-up
Baseline
2-yr follow up
4-yr follow up
7-yr follow up
Variables
OR (95%CI)
Beta
OR (95%CI)
Beta
OR (95%CI)
Beta
OR (95%CI)
Beta
Age-0.551 (-0.816, -0.286)-0.075-0.056 (-0.086, -0.026)-0.081--0.052 (-0.093, -0.011)-0.063
Marital status1.893 (1.253, 2.533)0.102---
Height0.246 (0.016, 0.475)0.084-0.054 (-0.076, -0.031)-0.103-0.047 (-0.073, -0.021)-0.082-0.054 (-0.083, -0.025)-0.092
Number of chronic diseases0.448 (0.310, 0.586)0.1130.211 (0.039, 0.383)0.055--
Average sleep duration-0.664 (-0.771, -0.558)-0.205-0.265 (-0.406, -0.124)-0.081--0.410 (-0.596, -0.224)-0.110
PSMS0.46 (0.402, 0.518)0.3330.174 (0.103, 0.246)0.1200.177 (0.095, 0.258)0.1090.166 (0.069, 0.263)0.094
IADL0.293 (0.184, 0.402)0.105---
Baseline CESD-0.424 (0.376, 0.472)0.4240.450 (0.393, 0.506)0.4070.414 (0.349, 0.478)0.359