Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Feb 19, 2024; 14(2): 245-254
Published online Feb 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i2.245
Incidence and risk factors of depression in patients with metabolic syndrome
Li-Na Zhou, Xian-Cang Ma, Wei Wang
Li-Na Zhou, Xian-Cang Ma, Wei Wang, Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
Author contributions: Zhou LN, Wang W contributed to conception and design of the study, acquisition and interpretation of data, drafting the article, final approval of the version to be published; Ma XC contributed to conception and design of the study, and reflect the design and recruit subjects.
Supported by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program, No. 2023-YBSF-517; and National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82301737.
Institutional review board statement: This study only adopted publicly available data. Ethical review and approval were not required for this study in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements.
Informed consent statement: This study only adopted publicly available data. Signed informed consent form or document were not applicable for this study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: We have no financial relationships to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Wei Wang, MD, Doctor, Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China. xianwv@sina.com
Received: November 14, 2023
Peer-review started: November 14, 2023
First decision: December 7, 2023
Revised: December 14, 2023
Accepted: January 8, 2024
Article in press: January 8, 2024
Published online: February 19, 2024
Processing time: 83 Days and 17.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Many studies have explored the relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS), especially in older people. China has entered an aging society. However, there are still few studies on the elderly in Chinese communities.

AIM

To investigate the incidence and risk factors of depression in MetS patients in mainland China and to construct a predictive model.

METHODS

Data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were selected, and middle-aged and elderly patients with MetS (n = 2533) were included based on the first wave. According to the center for epidemiological survey-depression scale (CESD), participants with MetS were divided into depression (n = 938) and non-depression groups (n = 1595), and factors related to depression were screened out. Subsequently, the 2-, 4-, and 7-year follow-up data were analyzed, and a prediction model for depression in MetS patients was constructed.

RESULTS

The prevalence of depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with MetS was 37.02%. The prevalence of depression at the 2-, 4-, and 7-year follow-up was 29.55%, 34.53%, and 38.15%, respectively. The prediction model, constructed using baseline CESD and Physical Self-Maintenance Scale scores, average sleep duration, number of chronic diseases, age, and weight had a good predictive effect on the risk of depression in MetS patients at the 2-year follow-up (area under the curve = 0.775, 95% confidence interval: 0.750-0.800, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 74%.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with MetS has increased over time. The early identification of and intervention for depressive symptoms requires greater attention in MetS patients.

Keywords: Depression; Metabolic syndrome; Prevalence; Risk factor

Core Tip: In this study, a 7-year follow-up of middle-aged and elderly people in China Mainland was conducted, and it was found that the incidence of depression increased in the population of metabolic syndrome.