Analysis of anxiety and depression status and their influencing factors in patients with diabetic retinopathy

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetic retinopathy patients

Variable	Patients (n = 200)	Percentage (%)
Sex
Male	96	48.0
Female	104	52.0
Age (year)	54.62 ± 10.85	/
Education
Primary	23	11.5
Secondary	37	18.5
Senior high school	98	49.0
College or above	42	21.0
Duration of diabetes, year
< 5	58	29.0
≥ 5	142	71.0
Depression
Yes	52	26.0
No	148	74.0
Anxiety
Yes	28	14.0
No	172	86.0
Visual impairment
Yes	169	84.5
No	31	15.5
Good quality of life (DSQL score < 40)
Good	39	19.5
Poor	161	80.5
Social support
Low support	69	34.5
Moderate support	83	41.5
High support	48	24.0
History of smoking
Yes	68	34.0
No	132	66.0
History of drinking
Yes	74	37.0
No	126	63.0
Complicated with hypertension
Yes	136	68.0
No	64	32.0
Diabetes history
Yes	172	86.0
No	28	14.0
Residence
Rural	89	44.5
Urban	111	55.5
Diabetes type
Type 1 diabetes	5	2.5
Type 2 diabetes	195	97.5
Diabetes medication
Oral hypoglycemic drugs	63	31.5
Insulin injection	41	20.5
Both	96	48.0
Marital status
Married	115	57.5
Single	32	16.0
Divorced/widowed	53	26.5
Blood glucose control
Good	37	18.5
General	96	48.0
Bad	67	33.5

DSQL: Diabetes specificity quality of life scale.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of depression

Variable	Without depression (n = 148)	Depression (n = 52)	χ2	P value
Sex
Male	76	20	3.257	0.083
Female	72	32
Education			12.841	0.006
Primary	18	5
Secondary	28	9
Senior high school	63	35
College or above	39	3
Duration of diabetes, year			4.423	0.035
< 5	37	21
≥ 5	111	31
Visual impairment			9.556	< 0.001
Yes	132	37
No	16	15
Good quality of life (DSQL score < 40)			27.379	< 0.001
Good	16	23
Poor	132	29
Social support			13.274	0.001
Low support	57	12
Moderate support	65	18
High support	26	22
History of smoking			1.568	0.211
Yes	54	14
No	94	38
History of drinking			0.105	0.745
Yes	43	31
No	105	21
Complicated with hypertension			12.421	< 0.001
Yes	109	27
No	39	25
Diabetes history			3.293	0.696
Yes	149	23
No	7	21
Residence			0.046	0.829
Rural	72	17
Urban	76	35
Diabetes type			1.367	0.618
Type 1 diabetes	3	2
Type 2 diabetes	145	50
Diabetes medication			2.632	0.355
Oral hypoglycemic drugs	35	28
Insulin injection	26	15
Both	87	9
Marital status			0.938	0.626
Married	88	27
Single	23	9
Divorced/widowed	37	16
Blood glucose control			1.438	0.487
Good	24	5
General	69	25
Bad	55	22

DSQL: Diabetes specificity quality of life scale.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of anxiety

Variable	Without anxiety (n = 172)	Anxiety (n = 28)	χ2	P value
Sex
Male	78	18	3.459	0.063
Female	94	10
Education			5.885	0.117
Primary	21	2
Secondary	32	5
Senior high school	79	19
College or above	40	2
Duration of diabetes, year			33.459	< 0.001
< 5	37	21
≥ 5	135	7
Visual impairment			39.489	< 0.001
Yes	157	12
No	15	16
Good quality of life (DSQL score < 40)			29.389	< 0.001
Good	23	16
Poor	149	12
Social support			21.445	< 0.001
Low support	67	2
Moderate support	73	10
High support	32	16
History of smoking			5.558	0.018
Yes	53	15
No	119	13
History of drinking			0.388	0.534
Yes	67	7
No	151	21
Complicated with hypertension			12.337	< 0.001
Yes	125	11
No	47	17
Diabetes history			46.252	< 0.001
Yes	160	12
No	12	16
Residence			0.832	0.362
Rural	125	18
Urban	47	10
Diabetes type			0.288	0.592
Type 1 diabetes	4	1
Type 2 diabetes	168	27
Diabetes medication			5.354	0.069
Oral hypoglycemic drugs	49	14
Insulin injection	36	5
Both	87	9
Marital status			0.445	0.801
Married	98	17
Single	27	5
Divorced/widowed	47	6
Blood glucose control			7.928	0.019
Good	29	8
General	79	17
Bad	64	3

DSQL: Diabetes specificity quality of life scale.

Table 4 Binary logistic regression analysis of diabetic retinopathy combined with depression

Variable	Reference	P value	OR	95%CI
Education
Senior high school	Primary and secondary	0.926	1.067	0.683-2.128
Duration of diabetes, year
≥ 5	< 5	0.041	1.943	1.826-2.139
Visual impairment
Yes	No	0.048	1.198	1.143-1.324
Good quality of life (DSQL score < 40)
Good	Poor	0.046	0.573	0.456-0.784
Social support
High support	Low and moderate support	0.021	0.912	0.893-0.985
Complicated with hypertension
Yes	No	0.035	1.307	1.113-2.194

DSQL: Diabetes specificity quality of life scale; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 5 Binary logistic regression analysis of diabetic retinopathy combined with anxiety

Variable	Reference	P value	OR	95%CI
History of smoking
Yes	No	0.876	1.264	0.721-1.965
Duration of diabetes, year
≥ 5	< 5	0.032	1.526	1.451-1.863
Visual impairment
Yes	No	0.028	1.746	1.282-2.359
Good quality of life (DSQL score < 40)
Good	Poor	0.013	0.738	0.567-0.936
Social support
High support	Low and moderate support	0.029	0.863	0.672-0.994
Complicated with hypertension
Yes	No	< 0.001	1.836	1.517-2.592
Diabetes history
Yes	No	0.017	2.065	1.792-3.571
Blood glucose control
Good	General and bad	1.525	2.369	0.915-4.317

DSQL: Diabetes specificity quality of life scale; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.