Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Dec 19, 2024; 14(12): 1905-1917
Published online Dec 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i12.1905
Analysis of anxiety and depression status and their influencing factors in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Sheng Gao, Xia Liu
Sheng Gao, Xia Liu, Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Pukou People’s Hospital, Nanjing 211899, Jiangsu Province, China
Author contributions: Gao S was the guarantor and designed the study, and revised the article critically for important intellectual content; Gao S and Liu X participated in the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of the data, and drafted the initial manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Science and Research Office of Nanjing Pukou People’s Hospital, No. 2023-SR-035.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sheng Gao, Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Pukou People’s Hospital, No. 166 Shanghe Street, Pukou District, Nanjing 211899, Jiangsu Province, China. bqzd@163.com
Received: August 28, 2024
Revised: September 21, 2024
Accepted: October 15, 2024
Published online: December 19, 2024
Processing time: 91 Days and 2.8 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. It has a serious impact on the mental and physical health of patients.

AIM

To evaluate the anxiety and depression status of patients with DR, we examined their influencing factors.

METHODS

Two hundred patients with DR admitted to the outpatient and inpatient departments of ophthalmology and endocrinology at our hospital were selected. A questionnaire was conducted to collect general patient information. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively. The diabetes specific quality of life scale and Social Support Rating Scale were used to assess the quality of life of patients with DR and their social support, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the correlations.

RESULTS

The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 26% (52/200) and 14% (28/200), respectively. Regression analysis revealed that social support was associated with depression [odds ratio (OR) = 0.912, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.893-0.985] and anxiety (OR = 0.863, 95%CI: 0.672-0.994). Good quality of life (diabetes specific quality of life scale score < 40) was a protective factor against anxiety (OR = 0.738, 95%CI: 0.567-0.936) and depression (OR = 0.573, 95%CI: 0.4566-0.784). Visual impairment significantly increased the likelihood of depression (OR = 1.198, 95%CI: 1.143-1.324) and anxiety (OR = 1.746, 95%CI: 1.282-2.359). Additionally, prolonged diabetes duration and history of hypertension were significant risk factors for both conditions, along with a family history of diabetes.

CONCLUSION

Key factors influencing anxiety and depression in patients with DR include social support, quality of life, visual impairment, duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, and history of hypertension.

Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; Depression; Anxiety; Influencing factors; Regression analysis

Core Tip: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness, which has a severe impact on the patient’s mental and physical health. We evaluated anxiety and depression status and their influencing factors in patients with DR. We conclude that social support, good quality of life, visual impairment, duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, and history of hypertension are critical factors for anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with DR. Health managers should screen for these risk factors to implement early prevention strategies to reduce depression and anxiety in patients with DR.