Diagnostic and prognostic implications of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and homocysteine levels for cognitive impairment in thalamic infarction

Table 1 Observed differences in basic data

Group	The number of cases	Male/female	Age (yr)
The control group	50	24/26	63.11 ± 6.45
Cognitively normal group	45	25/15	64.87 ± 6.69
Cognitive impairment group	35	27/13	64.76 ± 6.45
χ2/F/P value	-	3.657/0.073	1.482/0.187

Table 2 Differences in non-HDL-C and Hcy levels in each group (X ± S)

Group	The number of cases	Non-HDL-C (tendency/L)	Hcy (mol/L)
The control group	50	3.11 ± 0.52	11.66 ± 0.71
Cognitively normal group	45	3.24 ± 0.54	23.22 ± 3.68
Cognitive impairment group	35	3.98 ± 0.871,2	30.34 ± 4.721,2
F/P value	-	6.393/0.000	25.417/0.000

¹P < 0.05 compared with the control group.

²P < 0.05 compared with the group with normal cognitive function.

Non-HDL-C: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hcy: Homocysteine.

Table 3 Differences in Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (X ± S)

Group	The number of cases	Visuospatial executive ability	Named	Attention	Language ability	Abstract	Delayed recall	Directional	Total score
The control group	50	3.12 ± 1.04	2.80± 0.45	5.84 ± 0.37	2.88 ± 0.33	1.78 ± 0.51	3.10 ± 1.23	5.86 ± 0.35	25.46 ± 2.41
Cognitively normal group	45	4.39 ± 0.72	2.79 ± 0.39	5.69 ± 0.41	22.98 ± 0.09	1.87 ± 0.15	3.62 ± 0.91	5.63 ± 0.36	26.98 ± 1.20
Cognitive impairment group	35	1.73 ± 1.25	1.62 ± 0.98	12.31 ± 1.09	2.61 ± 0.50	1.43 ± 0.89	2.16 ± 1.01	4.69 ± 1.66	17.13 ± 4.531,2
F/P value	-	11.962/0.000	7.309/0.000	28.304/0.000	329.283/0.000	3.263/0.002	6.784/0.000	341.597/0.000	13.992/0.000

¹P < 0.05 compared with the control group.

²P < 0.05 compared with the group with normal cognitive function.

Table 4 Correlation analysis of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Homocysteine levels and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score

Project	Hcy		non-HDL-C
	r value	P value	r value	P value
Viewspace/execution	0.292	0.003	0.233	0.000
Named	0.478	0.000	0.487	0.004
Attention	0.658	0.002	0.622	0.000
Language ability	0.451	0.000	0.422	0.002
Abstract	0.302	0.001	0.368	0.000
Delay memories	0.367	0.000	0.308	0.002
Directional	0.685	0.003	0.676	0.001
MoCA scores	0.703	0.000	0.705	0.000

Non-HDL-C: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hcy: Homocysteine; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

Table 5 Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Homocysteine levels for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with thalamic infarction

Variable	The critical value	AUC	Sensitivity	Specificity	95%CI	About an index
Hcy (μmol/L)	22.540	0.709	0.724	0.630	0.599-0.816	0.354
Non-HDL-C (tendency/L)	1.351	0.738	0.701	0.870	0.618-0.859	0.571
Hcy in combination with non-HDL-C	-	0.769	0.758	0.889	0.721-0.895	0.647

AUC: areas under the curve; Non-HDL-C: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hcy: Homocysteine.

Table 6 Differences in clinical characteristics between patients with thalamic infarction in the good and poor prognosis groups

Project	Good prognosis group (n = 50)	Poor prognosis group (n = 30)	χ2/t	P value
Age (yr)	65.12 ± 6.74	64.13 ± 10.07	0.527	0.600
Men	32 (64.00)	20 (66.67)	0.059	0.809
Time of onset (h)	20.39 ± 3.21	20.42 ± 3.19	0.041	0.968
Smoking history	26 (52.00)	16 (53.33)	0.013	0.908
The history of drinking	24 (48.00)	13 (43.33)	0.164	0.685
Hypertension	24 (48.00)	18 (60.00)	1.083	0.298
Diabetes	14 (28.00)	9 (30.00)	0.037	0.848
CHD	8 (16.00)	4 (13.33)	0.105	0.746
NIHSS score	14.52 ± 5.43	17.91 ± 5.78	2.639	0.010
Non-HDL-C (tendency/L)	3.08 ± 0.46	3.79 ± 0.57	6.103	0.000
Hcy (μmol/L)	14.54 ± 0.78	27.51 ± 4.08	21.909	0.000
Massive cerebral infarction	13 (26.00)	15 (50.00)	4.747	0.029
Atrial fibrillation	6 (12.00)	9 (30.00)	3.988	0.046
APTT (1 S)	31.55 ± 3.45	33.43 ± 4.32	2.144	0.035

APTT: Activated partial prothrombin time; CHD: Coronary heart disease; Non-HDL-C: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hcy: Homocysteine; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.

Table 7 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of a poor prognosis in patients with thalamic infarction

Variable	OR	95%CI	Wald	P value
Atrial fibrillation	0.232	0.068-0.768	5.701	0.016
Non-HDL-C	1.753	1.243-2.477	10.187	0.001
Hcy	1.051	1.006-1.096	5.323	0.020
APTT	1.127	1.003-1.186	4.116	0.077
NIHSS score	1.091	1.004-1.268	4.134	0.012

95%CI: 95% confidence interval; APTT: Activated partial prothrombin time; Non-HDL-C: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hcy: Homocysteine; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; OR: Odds ratio.