Psychological intervention based on social cognitive theory: Treating pain, anxiety, and depression in perioperative patients

Figure 1 Technology roadmap. SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale; VAS: Visual analog scale.

Figure 2 Patients’ anxiety and depression scores. A: Anxiety score; B: Depression score. ^aP < 0.05. SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale.

Figure 3 Visual analog scale score. ^aP < 0.05. VAS: Visual analog scale.

Figure 4 The Short Form 36 Health Survey scores of the two groups. A: Denotes physical function; B: Physical role; C: Refers to body pain; D: Indicates general health; E: Vitality; F: Social function; G: Emotional role; H: Mental health. ^aP < 0.05. PF: Physical function; PR: Physical role; BP: Body pain; GH: General health; VT: Vitality; SF: Social function; ER: Emotional role; MH: Mental health.

Figure 5 Coping styles between the two groups. A and D: Portray the confrontation dimension; B and E: Depict the avoidance dimension; C and F: Indicate yielding.