Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Aug 19, 2024; 14(8): 1199-1207
Published online Aug 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i8.1199
Psychological intervention based on social cognitive theory: Treating pain, anxiety, and depression in perioperative patients
Hai-Jian Mao, Lin-Fei Wang, Chun Lin
Hai-Jian Mao, Department of Surgical Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Lin’an District, Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang Province, China
Lin-Fei Wang, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
Chun Lin, Department of Comprehensive Intervention, The First People’s Hospital of Lin’an District, Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang Province, China
Author contributions: Mao HJ designed and conducted the research; Wang LF designed and guided the research; Lin C collected and organized the data; and all authors approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of The First People’s Hospital of Lin’an District, Hangzhou.
Informed consent statement: As this was a retrospective study, the ethics committee approved an exemption from informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: The data used in this study can be obtained from the corresponding author.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: Https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hai-Jian Mao, MBBS, Associate Chief Nurse, Department of Surgical Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Lin’an District, Hangzhou, No. 360 Yikang Street, Jinnan Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang Province, China. 18368812789@163.com
Received: May 7, 2024
Revised: June 13, 2024
Accepted: June 24, 2024
Published online: August 19, 2024
Processing time: 96 Days and 20.2 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Surgery is an effective method for treating certain diseases. Factors such as disease, preoperative fear and tension, surgical stress, postoperative pain, and related complications directly affect the smooth progression and outcome of surgery. Patients may experience a series of psychological and physiological changes during the perioperative period, resulting in anxiety and depression, which may reduce the pain threshold and worsen their prognosis.

AIM

To investigate the effects of a psychological intervention among perioperative patients, based on social cognitive theory (SCT).

METHODS

We enrolled 200 patients who underwent surgical care at The First People’s Hospital of Lin’an District, Hangzhou between January and December 2023. They were categorized into a routine intervention group (n = 103) and a psychological intervention group (n = 97), based on the intervention strategies used. Various assessment tools, including the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), the self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the Connor–Davidson Resilience scale, were used to measure patients’ negative states and emotions. The pre- and post-intervention scores for these metrics in the two groups were then analyzed.

RESULTS

In the psychological intervention group, the SAS and SDS scores (31.56 ± 5.18 and 31.46 ± 4.57, respectively) were significantly reduced compared to the routine intervention group (P < 0.05). The visual analog scale pain scores at 12 and 24 hours after intervention (6.85 ± 1.21, 4.24 ± 0.72) were notably higher than those in the routine intervention group (P < 0.05). The psychological intervention group also demonstrated superior scores in perseverance (36.08 ± 3.29), self-reliance (22.63 ± 2.91), optimism (11.42 ± 1.98), and resilience (70.13 ± 5.37), compared to the routine intervention group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the psychological intervention group’s confrontation score (23.16 ± 4.29) was higher (P < 0.05). This group also reported lower scores in avoidance (9.28 ± 1.94) and yielding (6.19 ± 1.92) (P < 0.05). Lastly, the Short Form 36 Health Survey scores were significantly higher in the psychological intervention group, indicating a better quality of life (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Psychological intervention measures based on SCT can effectively alleviate pain, anxiety, and depression in perioperative patients.

Keywords: Perioperative period, Social cognitive theory, Psychological intervention, Pain, Anxiety and depression

Core Tip: Patients may experience a series of psychological and physiological changes during the perioperative period, resulting in anxiety and depression, which could reduce pain threshold and worsen their prognosis. Using social cognitive theory, we developed psychological intervention measures to explore their effectiveness in reducing pain, anxiety, and depression in perioperative patients.