Gao XD, Zhang J, Li A, Ding Y, Zhao B, Li L. Analysis of anxiety and depression and influencing factors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(4): 99346 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i4.99346]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Lan Li, PhD, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China. lilanlanxin@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Article-Type of This Article
Case Control Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Psychiatry. Apr 19, 2025; 15(4): 99346 Published online Apr 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i4.99346
Analysis of anxiety and depression and influencing factors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus
Xu-Dong Gao, Jin Zhang, An Li, Yu Ding, Bo Zhao, Lan Li
Xu-Dong Gao, Jin Zhang, An Li, Yu Ding, Bo Zhao, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
Lan Li, Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
Author contributions: Gao XD designed the research and wrote the first manuscript; Gao XD, Zhang J, Li A, Ding Y, Zhao B and Li N contributed to conceiving the research and analyzing data, conducted the analysis and provided guidance for the research; all authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital.
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The statistical data used in this study can be obtained from the corresponding author upon request.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Lan Li, PhD, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China. lilanlanxin@163.com
Received: December 5, 2024 Revised: January 13, 2025 Accepted: February 17, 2025 Published online: April 19, 2025 Processing time: 110 Days and 1.3 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Natural killer (NK)/T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses accounts for approximately 10% of all lymphomas, and the occurrence of nasal NHL is related to Epstein-Barr virus infection.
AIM
To explore the anxiety and depression status of patients with NK/T-cell NHL in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses and analyzes the relevant influencing factors.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed, which included 30 patients with primary nasal NK/T-cell NHL treated in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2017 to January 2023. An additional 50 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. Both groups were assessed using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Self-rating (SDS). SDS and SAS scores of patients with NHL at different disease stages were analyzed, and they were further grouped into negative emotion (NE) (n = 19) and non-NE (n = 11) groups based on their depression and anxiety. Factors affecting the occurrence of NEs in patients with NHL were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.
RESULTS
Patients with NHL exhibited higher SDS and SAS scores than healthy controls. Moreover, patients with NHL at stages III and IV had higher SDS and SAS scores than those in stage I. Among the 30 patients, there were 13 patients with depression (43.3%), 16 patients with anxiety (53.3%), and 10 patients with both anxiety and depression (33.3%). Univariate analysis identified a higher proportion of people in the NE group with stage III-IV NHL, an educational level ≤ high school, and a monthly household income < 5000 yuan compared with the non-NE group. Multiple logistic regression analysis further revealed that stage III-IV was a risk factor for NEs in patients with NHL.
CONCLUSION
The stage of NK/T-cell NHL in nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses is closely related to patient anxiety and depression. The higher the staging, the greater the incidence of anxiety and depression.
Core Tip: Nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma is a rare disease that typically exhibits a highly aggressive clinical course. Its treatment is limited, mainly consisting of radiation or combined chemotherapy. As a negative stress event, lymphoma has a great effect on patients’ psychological status, family life, economy, and other aspects. Therefore, in clinical practice, the psychological well-being as well as changes in the physiological function of patients with cancer should be monitored. This study primarily analyzed the anxiety and depression status of patients with NK/T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the nasal cavities and sinuses to understand their psychological health status.
