Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Feb 19, 2025; 15(2): 99008
Published online Feb 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i2.99008
Impact of dietary nutrition regimens based on body composition analysis on bone metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease patients
Xue-Lian Wang, Yi-Ran Zhao, Ying Yu, Zhi-Fang Mao, Su-Xian Tan, Shan-Shan Yu
Xue-Lian Wang, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
Yi-Ran Zhao, Department of Rehabilitation Treatment Group, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
Ying Yu, Department of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
Zhi-Fang Mao, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
Su-Xian Tan, Department of Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
Shan-Shan Yu, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
Co-first authors: Xue-Lian Wang and Yi-Ran Zhao.
Author contributions: Wang XL and Zhao YR contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors; Wang XL and Zhao YR designed the research, wrote the first manuscript, and conducted the analysis and provided guidance for the research; Wang XL, Zhao YR, Yu Y, Mao ZF, Tan SX and Yu SS contributed to conceiving the research and analyzing data; All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by Science and Technology Bureau of Quzhou, No. 2022079.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of The Third Hospital of Quzhou (No. SY-2022-09).
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Shan-Shan Yu, BMed, Doctor, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, No. 226 Baiyun North Avenue, Baiyun Street, Kecheng District, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China. 17015041@qq.com
Received: October 11, 2024
Revised: November 27, 2024
Accepted: December 17, 2024
Published online: February 19, 2025
Processing time: 95 Days and 0.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Body composition analysis (BCA) is primarily used in the management of conditions such as obesity and endocrine disorders. However, its potential in providing nutritional guidance for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains relatively unexplored.

AIM

To explore the clinical efficacy of BCA-based dietary nutrition scheme on bone metabolism in AD patients.

METHODS

This retrospective study included 96 patients with AD complicated by osteoporosis who were admitted to The Third Hospital of Quzhou between January 2023 and December 2024. Based on data from previous similar studies, the patients were randomly assigned to either a routine diet (RD) group (n = 48) or a personalized nutrition (PN) group (n = 48). The RD group received conventional dietary guidance, while the PN group received individualized diet intervention measures based on human BCA. The intervention period lasted for 12 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, mineral content, osteocalcin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), beta C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), and serum calcium were measured and compared between the two groups before and 12 weeks after the intervention.

RESULTS

No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of age, sex, height, BMI, or other baseline data (P > 0.05). In both groups, BMI did not show significant changes after the intervention (P > 0.05), whereas muscle mass and mineral content were significantly increased (P < 0.05). After the intervention, BMI in the PN group did not differ significantly from that of the RD group, but muscle mass and mineral content were significantly higher in the PN group (P < 0.05). After the intervention, a higher proportion of patients in the PN group had a T score > -1 compared to the RD group (P < 0.05). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score was similar in both groups before the intervention. However, 12 weeks after the intervention, the MMSE score in the PN group was significantly higher than that in the RD group (P < 0.05). In both groups, the MMSE score significantly increased 12 weeks post-intervention compared to pre-intervention levels (P < 0.05). Before the intervention, the levels of osteocalcin, serum calcium, PINP, β-CTX, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the PN group exhibited higher levels of osteocalcin, serum calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as lower levels of PINP and β-CTX, compared to the RD group (P < 0.05). In both groups, osteocalcin, serum calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly higher, while PINP and β-CTX levels were significantly lower after 12 weeks of intervention compared to baseline (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The human BCA-based dietary nutrition regimen plays a crucial role in improving BMD and bone metabolism, with effects that surpass those of conventional nutrition strategies. The findings of this study provide strong evidence for the nutritional management of AD patients.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Bone metabolism disorders; Human body composition analysis; Dietary nutrition; Bone homeostasis; Dietary management

Core Tip: Body composition analysis (BCA) is primarily used in the management of conditions such as obesity and endocrine disorders. However, its potential in providing nutritional guidance for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we found that both routine diet (RD) and personalized nutritional (PN) interventions significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) and improved bone metabolism indexes in AD patients compared to baseline levels. Furthermore, PN intervention, which is based on human BCA, provided superior bone outcomes compared to RD, as evidenced by higher BMD and better bone metabolic indexes in the PN group. These findings provide strong research evidence supporting the development of targeted nutritional interventions for AD patients.