Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Jan 19, 2024; 14(1): 141-147
Published online Jan 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i1.141
Analysis of influencing factors of anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis
Yao Kong
Yao Kong, Department of Stomatology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
Author contributions: Kong Y designed the research study; Kong Y performed the research; Kong Y contributed new reagents and analytic tools; Kong Y analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; all authors have read and approve the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University Institutional Review Board.
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Dr. Kong has nothing to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yao Kong, Doctor, Master's Student, Department of Stomatology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, No. 56 Jinsui Avenue, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China. kkk6213752@163.com
Received: November 6, 2023
Peer-review started: November 6, 2023
First decision: November 16, 2023
Revised: November 17, 2023
Accepted: December 11, 2023
Article in press: December 11, 2023
Published online: January 19, 2024
Processing time: 74 Days and 1.6 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Periodontitis is a chronic oral disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that corrode tooth tissue, form periodontal pockets, absorb alveolar bone, and finally lead to tooth loss. During treatment, patients are prone to anxiety, tension, and other negative emotions, which affect their ability to face the disease and may also lead to aggravation of the original condition and affect oral health. Therefore, it is important to improve the negative psychology of patients with periodontitis to clarify the factors that may lead to negative psychological emotions.

AIM

To investigate the risk factors that may lead to anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis.

METHODS

One hundred patients with periodontitis were selected between March 2022 and March 2023 at our hospital. All patients were assessed with the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) (≥ 53 points indicate a depressive state) and Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) (≥ 50 points indicates an anxious state). In this study, patients who experienced anxiety or depression were included in the occurrence group and those without anxiety or depression were included in the non-occurrence group. The baseline data of the two groups were compared to explore the risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis.

RESULTS

A total of 100 patients with periodontitis were included in this study. According to the SDS, 38 patients (38.00%) developed depression, with an average SDS score of (68.52 ± 5.85) points. According to the SAS, 40 patients (40.00%) developed anxiety, and the average SAS score was (72.15 ± 4.15) points. In this study, 56 patients with anxiety or depression were included. Compared with the non-occurrence group, the occurrence group had higher ages (≥ 60 years), lower level of hope (low level), educational level (high school or below), disease perception (poor), and sleep disorder (yes). The negative coping dimension scores of the simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) and Dental Fear Scale (DFS) in the occurrence group were higher, whereas the score of the positive coping dimension of the SCSQ was significantly lower (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the other data between the groups (P > 0.05). The results of multiple logistics regression analysis showed that age (≥ 60 years), level of hope (low level), educational level (high school or below), disease perception (poor), sleep disorder (yes), high negative coping dimension scores of SCSQ, high score of DFS, and low positive coping dimension scores of SCSQ were all factors contributing to the anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis (odds ratio > 1, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Age, hope level, educational level, disease perception, sleep disorders, coping style, and dental fear were all associated with anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis.

Keywords: Periodontitis; Anxiety; Depression; Mental state; Influencing factor

Core Tip: Patients with periodontitis experience a vicious cycle of depression and anxiety due to repeated diseases and a long treatment cycle, which leads to aggravation of the original condition and affects oral health. Therefore, it is important to identify the key factors that may affect anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis to improve their prognosis.