Zou ZL, Qiu J, Zhou XB, Huang YL, Wang JY, Zhou B, Zhang Y. Glutamate decarboxylase 1 gene polymorphisms are associated with respiratory symptoms in panic disorder. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13(7): 435-443 [PMID: 37547739 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i7.435]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Yuan Zhang, MS, Assistant Professor, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China. 447415054@qq.com
Research Domain of This Article
Psychiatry
Article-Type of This Article
Case Control Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Zhi-Li Zou, Jian Qiu, Xiao-Bo Zhou, Yu-Lan Huang, Jin-Yu Wang, Bo Zhou, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
Yuan Zhang, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
Author contributions: Zou ZL contributed to study design, manuscript preparation; Qiu J contributed to experiment performance and data collection; Zhou XB, Huang YL, Wang JY contributed to data collection, analysis and inspection; Zhou B contributed to fund acquisition; Zhang Y contributed to manuscript preparation, inspection and revision.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital [reference number: (2016) Ethics Review (29)]. All participants provided written informed consent before the initiation of study procedures.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors report no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: Data is available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement–checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement – checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yuan Zhang, MS, Assistant Professor, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China. 447415054@qq.com
Received: April 12, 2023 Peer-review started: April 12, 2023 First decision: May 12, 2023 Revised: May 18, 2023 Accepted: May 31, 2023 Article in press: May 31, 2023 Published online: July 19, 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of panic disorder (PD). However, the effect of genetic variants on PD remains controversial.
AIM
To evaluate the associations between glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) gene polymorphisms and PD risk and assess the effect of GAD1 gene polymorphisms on the severity of clinical symptoms in PD.
METHODS
We recruited 230 PD patients and 224 healthy controls in this study. All participants were assessed for anxiety and panic symptom severity using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS). GAD1 gene polymorphisms (rs1978340 and rs3749034) were genotyped and assessed for allele frequencies.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences between cases and controls in the genotype distributions or allele frequencies of GAD1 (rs1978340 and rs3749034). In addition, the effect of GAD1 (rs1978340 and rs3749034) on PD severity was not significant. However, regarding respiratory symptoms, patients with the GAD1 rs1978340 A/A genotype had significantly higher scores than those with the A/G or G/G genotype.
CONCLUSION
Here, we showed that the A/A genotype of GAD1 rs1978340 was associated with increased severity of respiratory symptoms in patients with PD.
Core Tip: The study found that the A/A genotype of glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) rs1978340 was associated with increased severity of respiratory symptoms in patients with panic disorder (PD). However, there were no significant differences between cases and controls in the genotype distributions or allele frequencies of GAD1 (rs1978340 and rs3749034), and neither did GAD1 (rs1978340 and rs3749034) have a significant effect on the severity of PD symptoms. These findings suggest that genetic factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of PD, particularly in respiratory symptoms, but further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
