Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Jun 19, 2023; 13(6): 351-360
Published online Jun 19, 2023. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i6.351
Psychological impact of cancer scale: Turkish validity and reliability study
Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan, Seda Karaman, Meyreme Aksoy
Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fırat University, Elazığ 23100, Turkey
Seda Karaman, Faculty of Nursing, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
Meyreme Aksoy, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Siirt University, Siirt 56500, Turkey
Author contributions: Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, investigation, original draft, review and editing, supervision; Seda Karaman contributed to the conceptualization, investigation, original draft, review and editing, supervision; Meyreme Aksoy contributed to the conceptualization, investigation, data curation, review and editing.
Institutional review board statement: Fırat University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (2020/12 numbered) approved the study. Official permission was taken through e-mail from the researcher who developed the scale for adapting the scale into Turkish and using the scale in the study. Helsinki Declaration of Human Rights was adhered to while carrying out the study. Verbal consent was taken from study participants after the aim of the study was explained.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There was no commercial involvement in the conduct of this study. Also, none of the authors are members of the editorial board.
Data sharing statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan, PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fırat University, Rectorate Campus, Exterior Door No. 2, Elazığ 23100, Turkey. glcnbah@hotmail.com
Received: January 4, 2023
Peer-review started: January 4, 2023
First decision: February 8, 2023
Revised: February 12, 2023
Accepted: April 25, 2023
Article in press: April 25, 2023
Published online: June 19, 2023
Processing time: 165 Days and 23 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

In the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it is important to evaluate the com-ponents of psychological adjustment. Considering the key role of nurses in providing care to patients, it is important to evaluate patients, to determine high-risk patients and to use tools with acceptable validity and reliability to develop care plans.

AIM

To analyze the Turkish validity and reliability of The Psychological Impact of Cancer Scale (PICS).

METHODS

This methodological study was conducted with 257 cancer patients admitted to the oncology-haematology clinic and outpatient clinic of a University Hospital between February and October 2021. After the translation process of the scale, content and construct validity were conducted. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was examined with construct validity, while item analyses and internal consistency analysis were conducted for reliability.

RESULTS

Analyses and assessment results showed that the content validity index of the scale was 0.96. In the exploratory factor analysis of the Turkish adaptation study, total variance rate explained was found as 84.98%. Factor loads of all items were between 0.82 and 0.94. It was found that Cronbach Alpha values were between 0.860 and 0.930 and total scale Cronbach Alpha value was 0.844. EFA and CFA showed that Turkish form of 12-item and 4-factor. The Psychological Impact of Cancer Scale was confirmed with no changes to the original scale. CFA revealed good fit indices.

CONCLUSION

Turkish PICS is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the evaluation of individual’s psychological response to cancer diagnosis and treatment and for being used in clinical practice.

Keywords: Cancer; Patient; Psychological impact; Reliability; Validity

Core Tip: In the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it is important to evaluate the components of psychological adjustment. Considering the key role of nurses in providing care to patients, it is important to evaluate patients, to determine high-risk patients and to use tools with acceptable validity and reliability to develop care plans. A valid and reliable intercultural adaptation of Turkish the Psychological Impact of Cancer Scale can be useful in making comparisons across settings and to be used in the psychological assessment of cancer in Turkish patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct validity and reliability of Turkish version of the scale. In this research, it was seen that the Turkish version of the 12-item and 4 sub-dimensional Cancer Psychological Impact Scale was confirmed without any change in the original scale form.