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Li Y, Yu JL, Wang SY, Xie LX, Hong JL, Liu S. Effect of insomnia on anxiety and depression: Mediation of cognitive failures and moderated mediation of neuroticism. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15:101026. [PMID: 39974482 PMCID: PMC11758045 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i2.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 12/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has had an ongoing impact on the public's mental health that requires long-term attention. Exploring the relationship between mental health indicators would aid in identifying solutions to improve public mental health. AIM To investigate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia and explore the relationship among neuroticism, cognitive failures, and mental health. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in December 2023 using an online platform to recruit adult participants. The neuroticism, subjective cognitive function, and mental health of the participants were assessed using the neuroticism subscale of the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version, cognitive failures questionnaire, generalized anxiety disorder-7, patient health questionnaire-9, and insomnia severity index. Pearson's correlation analysis, independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and structural equation model were used to examine the relationship between mental health indicators. RESULTS A total of 1011 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 343 were completed by male (33.93%) respondents and 668 were completed by female (66.07%) respondents. The rates of anxiety, depression, and insomnia were 41.3%, 44.6%, and 36.3%, respectively, most cases of which were mild. Among the mental health indicators, there were significant differences by age and between those with siblings and those who were only children. Neuroticism and cognitive failures were significantly positively correlated with mental health indicators. Further moderated mediation analysis showed that cognitive failures mediated the relationship between insomnia and anxiety and between insomnia and depression, with neuroticism moderating the first half of this pathway and the effect being greater in the low-neuroticism group. CONCLUSION Cognitive failures and neuroticism play important roles in mental health. Therefore, enhancing subjective cognitive function and regulating emotional stability may contribute to the improvement of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Long Yu
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lu-Xin Xie
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Long Hong
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
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Candrarukmi D, Hartanto F, Wibowo T, Nugroho HW, Anam MS, Indraswari BW, Santosa Q, Hanum N. Risk factors for depression symptoms in adolescents: A population-based study. Saudi Med J 2025; 46:190-198. [PMID: 39933769 PMCID: PMC11822932 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To ascertain the prevalence of depressive symptoms and identify related risk factors among adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out using an online questionnaire completed by 1,413 adolescents from Central Java and Yogyakarta Provinces، Indonesia. The validated Indonesian version of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. RESULTS Symptoms of depression were identified in 28.5% of participants. Multivariate analysis revealed important risk factors, including female gender (OR 3.962, 95% CI 2.684-5.849), having mother who is a housewife (OR 4.155, 95% CI 1.424-12.126) or works in labor/farming/self-employment (OR 3.665, 95% CI 1.216-11.051), residing with a biological father (OR 5.386, 95% CI 1.458-19.894) or non-parental guardians (OR 1.826, 95% CI 1.059-3.146), and lack of siblings (OR 1.459, 95% CI 1.057-2.013). Behavioral factors such as abnormal sleep duration (<6 hours or >8 hours per night, OR 3.750, 95% CI 2.833-4.964), smoking (OR 4.272, 95% CI 2.110-8.649), frequent consumption of sugary beverages (>3 times/week, OR 2.472, 95% CI 1.623-3.765), and chronic illnesses requiring regular medication (OR 2.057, 95% CI 1.177-3.595) were also strongly linked to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study reveals the increased prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents and highlights the complex interplay of demographic, behavioral, and social determinants. Findings emphasize the necessity for targeted, evidence-based interventions to enhance adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewinda Candrarukmi
- From Indonesia Pediatric Society Central Java Branch (Candrarukmi, Hartanto, Nugroho, Anam, Santosa); from Indonesia Pediatric Society Yogyakarta Special Provence Branch (Wibowo, Indraswari, Hanum); from the Department of Child Health (Hartanto, Anam), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Candrarukmi, Nugroho), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Wibowo, Indraswari), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta; from the Department of Child Health (Santosa), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java; and from Indonesia Prambanan Distric Hospital (Hanum), Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Fitri Hartanto
- From Indonesia Pediatric Society Central Java Branch (Candrarukmi, Hartanto, Nugroho, Anam, Santosa); from Indonesia Pediatric Society Yogyakarta Special Provence Branch (Wibowo, Indraswari, Hanum); from the Department of Child Health (Hartanto, Anam), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Candrarukmi, Nugroho), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Wibowo, Indraswari), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta; from the Department of Child Health (Santosa), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java; and from Indonesia Prambanan Distric Hospital (Hanum), Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Tunjung Wibowo
- From Indonesia Pediatric Society Central Java Branch (Candrarukmi, Hartanto, Nugroho, Anam, Santosa); from Indonesia Pediatric Society Yogyakarta Special Provence Branch (Wibowo, Indraswari, Hanum); from the Department of Child Health (Hartanto, Anam), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Candrarukmi, Nugroho), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Wibowo, Indraswari), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta; from the Department of Child Health (Santosa), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java; and from Indonesia Prambanan Distric Hospital (Hanum), Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Hari W. Nugroho
- From Indonesia Pediatric Society Central Java Branch (Candrarukmi, Hartanto, Nugroho, Anam, Santosa); from Indonesia Pediatric Society Yogyakarta Special Provence Branch (Wibowo, Indraswari, Hanum); from the Department of Child Health (Hartanto, Anam), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Candrarukmi, Nugroho), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Wibowo, Indraswari), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta; from the Department of Child Health (Santosa), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java; and from Indonesia Prambanan Distric Hospital (Hanum), Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Moh S. Anam
- From Indonesia Pediatric Society Central Java Branch (Candrarukmi, Hartanto, Nugroho, Anam, Santosa); from Indonesia Pediatric Society Yogyakarta Special Provence Branch (Wibowo, Indraswari, Hanum); from the Department of Child Health (Hartanto, Anam), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Candrarukmi, Nugroho), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Wibowo, Indraswari), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta; from the Department of Child Health (Santosa), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java; and from Indonesia Prambanan Distric Hospital (Hanum), Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Braghmandita W. Indraswari
- From Indonesia Pediatric Society Central Java Branch (Candrarukmi, Hartanto, Nugroho, Anam, Santosa); from Indonesia Pediatric Society Yogyakarta Special Provence Branch (Wibowo, Indraswari, Hanum); from the Department of Child Health (Hartanto, Anam), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Candrarukmi, Nugroho), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Wibowo, Indraswari), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta; from the Department of Child Health (Santosa), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java; and from Indonesia Prambanan Distric Hospital (Hanum), Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Qodri Santosa
- From Indonesia Pediatric Society Central Java Branch (Candrarukmi, Hartanto, Nugroho, Anam, Santosa); from Indonesia Pediatric Society Yogyakarta Special Provence Branch (Wibowo, Indraswari, Hanum); from the Department of Child Health (Hartanto, Anam), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Candrarukmi, Nugroho), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Wibowo, Indraswari), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta; from the Department of Child Health (Santosa), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java; and from Indonesia Prambanan Distric Hospital (Hanum), Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Nazliah Hanum
- From Indonesia Pediatric Society Central Java Branch (Candrarukmi, Hartanto, Nugroho, Anam, Santosa); from Indonesia Pediatric Society Yogyakarta Special Provence Branch (Wibowo, Indraswari, Hanum); from the Department of Child Health (Hartanto, Anam), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Candrarukmi, Nugroho), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Wibowo, Indraswari), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta; from the Department of Child Health (Santosa), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java; and from Indonesia Prambanan Distric Hospital (Hanum), Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Wang Y, Lin J, Zhu Z, Chen S, Zou X, Wang Y, Huo L, Zhou Y. Quantifying the importance of factors in predicting non-suicidal self-injury among depressive Chinese adolescents: A comparative study between only child and non-only child groups. J Affect Disord 2025; 369:834-844. [PMID: 39396677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major global public health concern, often co-occurring with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Focused on Depressive adolescents, this study aimed to quantify the importance of factors in predicting NSSI and compare them between the only child and non-only child groups, enriching knowledge to leverage tailored intervention strategies. METHODS A large multicenter survey was conducted in China. 2510 adolescents diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) volunteered for the study. 36 factors were included to train random forest models for NSSI prediction in only child and non-only child groups, respectively. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was utilized to compute the relative importance of each factor in two groups. RESULTS Adolescents with MDD exhibited a rather high prevalence of NSSI (52.0 %), among them 66.9 % were non-only children. Self-esteem was the most significant factor for both groups, while critical disparities of factors were also found. In the only child group, factors like family support, parental overprotection, drinking alcohol, sleep conditions and romantic relationship involvement showed greater importance, while higher depression degree, anxiety level and emotional abuse were more important factors for non-only children. LIMITATIONS The use of cross-sectional data from Chinese adolescents may limit deeper analysis of NSSI mechanisms and the generalizability to Western cultures. CONCLUSIONS Only and non-only child family structures may have different influence on factors related with NSSI occurrence of adolescents with MDD. Only children were more susceptible to vulnerable family environments, alcohol abuse and romantic experience, while non-only children were more disturbed by abnormal mental states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Lin
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhu
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinwen Zou
- School of Business Informatics and Mathematics, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yanni Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Huo
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Q, Xu X, Jiang J, Peng W, Ji Y, Yang R, Zhang M, Li S, Li Y, Liu Q. The reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and deliberate self-harm among Chinese rural adolescents: a cross-lagged panel analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1422242. [PMID: 39628810 PMCID: PMC11611711 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1422242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While the association between depressive symptoms and deliberate self-harm in adolescence is extensively documented, the nature, bi-directionality, and longitudinal dynamics of this relationship remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the causal and reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and deliberate self-harm among rural adolescents in western China. Methods A 2-year panel study was conducted among 1,840 adolescents aged 10-18 attending rural junior and senior high schools in Sichuan Province, China. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and a global measure of self-reported deliberate self-harm were utilized to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and deliberate self-harm using both classic and random intercept cross-lagged panel models. Multi-group comparisons were carried out for the gender, pubertal stage, and academic performance subgroups. Results Positive and statistically significant correlations were found between depressive symptoms and deliberate self-harm both within and across the three waves of the panel survey, after adjusting for covariates, among rural adolescents in western China (Range: 0.05-0.28, p < 0.05). As anticipated, depressive symptoms positively predicted later deliberate self-harm, which in turn reciprocally predicted subsequent depressive symptoms, both between and within individuals. While the cross-lagged effects were invariant by gender and academic performance, the effect of baseline depressive symptoms on later deliberate self-harm was stronger for adolescents in the early pubertal stage (β = 0.19, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.08 to 0.30) than for those in the middle-to-late pubertal stage (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.19). Conclusion There is a causal and reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and deliberate self-harm among rural adolescents in China. Not only does this finding lend further credence to a growing body of research on adolescents' self-harming behaviors but also informs early intervention strategies aimed at improving behavioral health of rural adolescents in western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijiao Liu
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohe Xu
- Department of Sociology and Demography, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Palliative Care, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Palliative Care, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyi Ji
- Nosocomial Infection Management Department, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixi Yang
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiying Li
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaolan Liu
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Rao WW, He F, Qi Y, Lok GKI, Jackson T, Zheng Y, Xiang YT. Mental health among school children and adolescents in China: A comparison of one-child and multiple-children families from a nationwide survey. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 100:104130. [PMID: 39083955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The influence of China's "one-child" policy on the mental health of children and adolescents is still unclear. This study examined the associations between number of children and children's mental health using data from the national school children and adolescents survey of China. Mental health was measured using the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between number of children per family and children's mental health. A total of 64,017 students were enrolled, with 68.60 % from one-child families. Compared with children from one-child families, those from multiple-children families had significantly higher scores on the total CBLC and each of its subscales (all P<0.001). Analyses suggested children from multiple-child families have a higher risk of mental health problems (total problems on the CBCL: adjusted B=2.217, 95 %CI=1.883-2.550, P<0.001). Regular mental health assessments should be implemented and effective interventions should be developed for those in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wang Rao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Qi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Grace Ka In Lok
- Macao Polytechnic University, Peking University Health Science Center, Macao Polytechnic University Nursing Academy, Macao SAR, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Science, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Zhao M, Abdul Kadir NB, Abd Razak MA. The Relationship between Family Functioning, Emotional Intelligence, Loneliness, Social Support, and Depressive Symptoms among Undergraduate Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:819. [PMID: 39336034 PMCID: PMC11428799 DOI: 10.3390/bs14090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition from adolescence to college is a significant developmental stage marked by challenges such as high academic pressure, changes in living environments, and social support systems. These challenges can lead to increased rates of depression among college students. This study investigates the relationships between family functioning, emotional intelligence, loneliness, social support, and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students. A cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected via questionnaires from undergraduate students at Xi'an Jiaotong University. Variables such as family functioning, emotional intelligence, loneliness, social support, and depressive symptoms were assessed. Statistical analyses, including correlation and hierarchical regression, were conducted to explore these relationships. The study found a diverse distribution of depressive symptoms among students, with significant gender differences indicating higher depression rates in females. No significant differences were observed across academic disciplines, grades, or between only children and non-only children. Family functioning, emotional intelligence, and social support were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, while loneliness was positively correlated. Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that social support significantly moderated the relationship between family functioning and depressive symptoms. Mediation analysis showed that emotional intelligence and loneliness mediated this relationship. The findings highlight the complex interplay between family dynamics, emotional capabilities, social connectedness, and mental health. Enhancing family functioning, emotional intelligence, and social support can effectively reduce depressive symptoms among college students. These results underscore the need for holistic interventions that address multiple aspects of students' social and emotional lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nor Ba’yah Abdul Kadir
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (M.A.A.R.)
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Gao H, Dai N, Lin C, Ye Y, Yang D, Zhang Q, Mao J, Lou Z, Ji Y, Ruan L, Hou Y. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescent depression among parents of children diagnosed with depression in Ningbo City, eastern China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1404819. [PMID: 38919922 PMCID: PMC11196748 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1404819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward adolescent depression. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2022 and October 2023 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University among parents of adolescents diagnosed with depression. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the parents' demographic characteristics and KAP toward adolescent depression. Results A total of 522 questionnaires were collected from parents of depressed adolescents. Among the participants, 383 (73.37%) were female. In addition, 426 participants (81.61%) had children aged 14-18. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 9.09 ± 2.37 (possible range: 0-12), 37.04 ± 4.11 (possible range: 11-55), and 31.53 ± 3.84 (possible range: 8-40), respectively. There were significant positive correlations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.225, p < 0.001), knowledge and practice (r = 0.240, p < 0.001), and attitude and practice (r = 0.381, p < 0.001). The path analysis showed significant direct effects of knowledge on attitude (β = 0.422, p < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.283, p < 0.001). There was an indirect effect of knowledge on practice through attitude (β = 0.131, p = 0.004). Attitude directly impacted practice (β = 0.311, p < 0.001). Conclusion Parents of adolescents diagnosed with depression exhibited moderate KAP regarding adolescent depression. The study underscored the importance of targeted interventions to improve parental KAP in supporting adolescents with depression. Moreover, future research should explore additional factors influencing parental attitudes and behaviors toward adolescent depression to develop more effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ni Dai
- Department of Psychosomatics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Psychosomatics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Psychosomatics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dalu Yang
- Department of Psychosomatics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaxin Mao
- Department of Psychosomatics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongze Lou
- Department of Psychosomatics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yunxin Ji
- Department of Psychosomatics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liemin Ruan
- Department of Psychosomatics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanbin Hou
- Department of Psychosomatics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Zhang J, Wang E, Zhang L, Chi X. Internet addiction and depressive symptoms in adolescents: joint trajectories and predictors. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1374762. [PMID: 38894983 PMCID: PMC11183533 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1374762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Internet addiction and depressive symptoms are common mental health problems in adolescents. Due to the comorbidity of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, their mutual relationship influences their developmental trajectories over time. Thus, this study aimed to identify the joint trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, and examined the individual, family, and school antecedents of these trajectories among Chinese adolescents. METHODS Using a battery of self-report scales, three waves of data collection were conducted in a Chinese adolescent sample (N = 1,301). The co-developmental trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms were extracted by adopting parallel-process latent class growth modeling (PPLCGM). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess predictive factors. RESULTS Four unique joint trajectory classes were detected: the Health Group (n = 912, 70.1%), Comorbidity-Worsening Group (n = 85, 6.5%), Asymptomatic-Comorbid Risk Group (n = 148, 11.4%), and Prominent Depressive Symptoms-Remission Group (n = 156, 12.0%). Individual, family, and school factors (e.g., gender, positive youth development, family function, academic performance) significantly predicted the membership in these distinct co-developmental trajectories. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrate that the joint development of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms among adolescents presents a heterogeneous distribution, which could better inform prevention and intervention strategies since each co-developmental trajectory may represent unique experience for adolescents who need targeted treatment. Various individual, family, and school factors are important predictors that play different roles in distinguishing the joint trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms during this critical developmental transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Enna Wang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Macau, Macau, China
- Mental Health Education Center, Yunnan College of Business Management, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Chen P, Rao SY, Zhang W, Jiang YY, Xiang Y, Xiang NX, Li YZ, Zhu HY, Su Z, Cheung T, Zhang Q, Ng CH, Xiang YT. Mental health status among children and adolescents in one-child and multichild families: a meta-analysis of comparative studies. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2024; 37:147-161. [PMID: 38415684 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Controversy remains about the difference in mental health status among children and adolescents between one-child and multichild families in China. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing mental health status between both groups and explored their potential moderating factors. RECENT FINDINGS Totally, 113 eligible studies encompassing 237 899 participants (one-child families: 83 125; multichild families: 154 774) were included. The pooled SMD of SCL-90 total score was -0.115 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): -0.152; -0.078; I2 = 86.9%]. Specifically, children and adolescents from one-child families exhibited lower scores in terms of somatization (SMD = -0.056; 95% CI: -0.087; -0.026), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (SMD = -0.116; 95% CI: -0.154; -0.079), interpersonal sensitivity (SMD = -0.140; 95% CI: -0.171; -0.109), depression (SMD = -0.123; 95% CI: -0.159; -0.088); anxiety (SMD = -0.121; 95% CI: -0.151; -0.092); phobic anxiety (SMD = -0.124; 95% CI: -0.166; -0.081); paranoid ideation (SMD = -0.040; 95% CI: -0.070; -0.009); and psychoticism (SMD = -0.119; 95% CI: -0.148; -0.089). Study publication year was significantly associated with differences in mental health status between both groups ( P = 0.015). SUMMARY Children and adolescents from one-child families had better mental health status compared to those from multichild families in China. Future studies should investigate the underlying factors contributing to such mental health differences, and the potential interventions that could address these mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shu-Ying Rao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Jiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yifan Xiang
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Yan-Zhang Li
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Han-Yu Zhu
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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10
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Huang J, Liu X. Anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 lockdown in the post-epidemic era: an online cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:923. [PMID: 38066524 PMCID: PMC10709836 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect the mental health of college students in the post-epidemic era. We assessed the status and related factors of college students who are vulnerable to anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted two weeks after the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown, from November 6, 2022, to December 2, 2022, with 1176 valid samples using convenience sampling. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to measure levels of anxiety and depression in college students. Factors related to anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity were analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity were 27.04%, 34.10%, and 25.60%, respectively. There was a higher risk of anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity among those who were currently living in rural areas. Compared with individuals with low monthly living expenses, those with higher monthly living expenses were less prone to anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity were detected among college students during the COVID-19 lockdown. These were most common among college students who were senior students, had abnormal body mass index (BMI), were rural area residents, did study arts and humanities, were one-child in the family, and had low monthly living expenses and poor academic performance. Intervention practitioners and policymakers should formulate individualized prevention and intervention measures during the COVID-19 lockdown in the post-epidemic and possible future pandemics for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Huang
- School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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11
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Xu H, Wang W, Wang M, Chen J, Yu C, Li M, Liu D, Wang J, Jiang Y. A decision tree model of hypertension among college students in Yunnan Province, China. Blood Press 2023; 32:2243337. [PMID: 37559253 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2243337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have indicated that the prevalence rate of hypertension in adolescents is high, but it has not received much attention and the influencing factors are unclear, especially in Yunnan Province, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cluster sampling method was used to investigate 4781 freshmen in a college in Kunming, Yunnan Province from November to December. Demographic and lifestyle data were collected using questionnaires, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Decision tree model of hypertension in college students was established by Chi-square automatic interactive detection method. RESULTS Prevalence of prehypertension of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were detected in 33.9% and 32.1%, respectively. Prevalence of hypertension of SBP and DBP was detected in 1.2% and 7.2%, respectively. The hypertension and prehypertension decision tree of SBP has gender (χ2 = 728.64, p < .001) at the first level and body mass index (BMI) (boys: χ2 = 55.98, p < .001; girls: χ2 = 79.58, p < .001) at the second level. The hypertension and prehypertension decision tree of DBP has gender (χ2 = 381.83, p < .001) at the first level, BMI (boys: χ2 = 40.54, p < .001; girls: χ2 = 48.79, p < .001) at the second level, only children (χ2 = 6.43, p = .04) and red wine consumption (χ2 = 8.17, p = .017) at the third level. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that gender, BMI, only children and red wine consumption were the main factors affecting hypertension in college students in southwest border areas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglv Xu
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- Community Nursing Research Team of Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunjie Yu
- The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Min Li
- The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Dehui Liu
- Campus Hospital, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiai Wang
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- Community Nursing Research Team of Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yinghong Jiang
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- Community Nursing Research Team of Kunming University, Kunming, China
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12
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Xu H, Chen ZH, Ji JJ, She J, Hou CT, Zhang YH. The Factors of Adolescent Depression in Jiangsu Province, China, from the Perspective of Social Ecosystem: A Case-Control Study. Depress Anxiety 2023; 2023:2861629. [PMID: 40224609 PMCID: PMC11921840 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2861629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of adolescent depression is continuously increasing, impacting the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral development of adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend depression from the perspective of the social ecosystem, necessitating further empirical evaluation. Methods This study utilized a case-control study design. The cases consisted of adolescents with depression (aged 13-18 years) admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, from November 2021 to July 2022, meeting the diagnostic criteria for depression in the 11th Edition of the International Classification of Diseases. Control group students, with a matching gender ratio in the same region, were randomly recruited. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the factors associated with depression, with gender and age as covariates. Results The study comprised 200 participants, with 44 (22.0%) males and 156 (78.0%) females. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that increased adolescent depression was associated with being an only child (AOR = 2.680, 95% CI: 1.106-6.492), living in urban areas (AOR = 3.324, 95% CI: 1.077-10.267), experiencing school bullying (AOR = 9.087, 95% CI: 2.044-40.408), having severe family dysfunction (AOR = 6.491, 95% CI: 1.109-37.995), and possessing low core self-evaluation (AOR = 11.746, 95% CI: 3.305-41.746). Odds ratios for each factor were statistically significant. Conclusions Our results improve the evidence for associations between adolescent depression and core self-evaluation, school bullying, family function, living in urban areas, and being an only child. These findings should be taken into consideration in the assessment, intervention, and related policies for adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao-hong Chen
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-jie Ji
- Department of Early Intervention, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan She
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-ting Hou
- Department of Early Intervention, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-hong Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Zhong Y, Huang X, Chen J, Li Y, Li Y, Chen R, Cong E, Xu Y. The role of only-child status in the effect of childhood trauma and parental rearing style on depressive symptoms in Shanghai adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1196569. [PMID: 37415684 PMCID: PMC10320292 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1196569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction After decades of the one-child policy, China changed its rules to allow two children in 2016, which altered family dynamics. Few studies have examined the emotional problems and the family environment of multi-child adolescents. This study aims to explore the role of only-child status in the impact of childhood trauma and parental rearing style on depressive symptoms of adolescents in Shanghai, China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 4,576 adolescents (M = 13.42 years, SD = 1.21) from seven middle schools in Shanghai, China. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Short Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran, and Children's Depression Inventory were used to evaluate childhood trauma, perceived parental rearing style, and depressive symptoms of adolescents, respectively. Results Results showed that girls and non-only children reported more depressive symptoms, while boys and non-only children perceived more childhood trauma and negative rearing styles. Emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and father's emotional warmth significantly predicted depressive symptoms in both only children and non-only children. Father's rejection and mother's overprotection were related to adolescents' depressive symptoms in only-child families, but not non-only child families. Discussion Therefore, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and perceived negative rearing styles were more prevalent among adolescents in non-only child families, while negative rearing styles were especially associated with depressive symptoms in only children. These findings suggest that parents pay attention to their impacts on only children and give more emotional care to non-only children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rumeng Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enzhao Cong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Leung DYP, Leung SF, Zhang XL, Ruan JY, Yeung WF, Mak YW. Factors associated with severe depressive symptoms among Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong: a large cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1148528. [PMID: 37346101 PMCID: PMC10281024 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1148528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many adolescents were reported to have severe depressive symptoms, and a careful assessment of its correlates is essential for prevention and intervention programs. This study aimed to gain insight into the prevalence of severe depressive symptoms and its association with factors at four levels (individual, relationship, school and society) in a large sample of Hong Kong Chinese secondary school students. Methods Secondary school students from Secondary 1 through 7 were selected as participants using a cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire including inventories measuring 24 factors at the four levels (six individual factors, 11 relationship factors, three school factors, and four society factors) was completed by 8,963 participants (56.3% female) with a mean age of 15.1 (SD = 1.8) years. Students with a score of ≥15 on the Patient Health Questionnaire were defined as having severe depressive symptoms. The association between severe depressive symptoms and correlates were examined by t-test and χ2 test. Logistic regression models using a hierarchical approach then examined the individual contribution of these 24 factors to severe depressive symptoms with the control of other factors in the model. Results 7.4% of the students have severe depressive symptoms. Twenty-two of the 24 factors were significantly associated with severe depressive symptoms in bivariate analyses. In the logistic regression, 11 factors (three individual factors: age, self-esteem and self-mastery; six relationship factors: tobacco use, alcohol drinking, drug use, paternal psychological control, dinner with parents, and perceived social support from friends; one school factor: felt pressure from homework; and one society factor: number of sibling) were statistically significant. Felt pressure from homework, alcohol drinking, and perceived social support from friends were the strongest correlates of severe depressive symptoms. Conclusion The prevalence of self-reported severe depressive symptoms in Hong Kong Chinese secondary school students was high, and the identification of multiple associated factors at the four levels simultaneously provides a knowledge basis for the development of a comprehensive, multivariate model of factors influencing severe depressive symptoms in Chinese secondary school students. The factors identified in the present study may be helpful when designing and implementing preventive intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yim-Wah Mak
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yu Y, Liu J, Skokauskas N, Liu F, Zhang L, Teng T, Zou Y, Lyu Q, Liu R, Liu X, Meng H, Zhou X. Prevalence of depression and anxiety, and associated factors, among Chinese primary and high school students: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2023; 15:e12523. [PMID: 36596718 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and associated factors, among Chinese children and adolescents aged 8-18 years who attend primary or high school. METHODS A total of 23 005 primary and high school students were recruited from February to December, 2019 for this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire included demographic information, questions assessing suicidality, resilience, depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children), and anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent correlates of depression and anxiety. RESULTS Overall, 13.06% of participants experienced depressive symptoms, 22.34% experienced anxiety symptoms, 26.34% experienced transient suicidal ideation, 2.23% had serious suicidal ideation, and 1.46% had a history of suicide attempts. Anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 4.935; 95% confidence interval [CI][4.442-5.485]), suicidality (OR, 2.671; 95% CI[2.203-3.237]), skipping breakfast (OR, 1.920; 95% CI[1.348-2.736]), sleep duration (OR, 0.470; 95% CI[0.398-0.556]) and self-expectations (OR, 1.924; 95% CI[1.550-2.389]) were associated with depression (all p < .05). Depression (OR, 4.424; 95% CI[3.983-4.914]), female sex (OR, 1.903; 95% CI[1.759-2.060]), school-based traumatic experience(s) (OR, 1.905; 95% CI[1.747-2.077]), relationships with teachers (OR, 1.575; 95% CI[1.103-2.249]), and suicidality (OR, 1.467; 95% CI[1.218-1.766]) were associated with anxiety symptoms (all p < .05). DISCUSSION Depression and anxiety are common among school-age children and adolescents in China. Childhood school- and family-based traumatic experience(s), female sex, and lifestyle factors (eating breakfast, sleep duration, exercising, and Internet use) are significantly associated with mental health among children and adolescents. Developing interventions targeting these factors to protect students from depression and anxiety are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxiu Liu
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Norbert Skokauskas
- Regional Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Child Protection, IPH, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yaru Zou
- Academic of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Lyu
- Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaqing Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang E, Zhang J, Dong Y, Xiao J, Qu D, Shan H, Chi X. Vicious circle of family dysfunction and adolescent internet addiction: Do only child and non-only child exhibit differences? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-12. [PMID: 36819748 PMCID: PMC9924843 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of the current study was to probe the longitudinal relationships between family dysfunction (FD) and adolescent Internet addiction (IA), as well as the group difference between only child and non-only child. Data were from a three-wave longitudinal data of 1301 Chinese adolescents, collected when adolescents were at Grade 7, Grade 8, and Grade 9. FD and IA were assessed via adolescent self-reported questionaries of Chinese Family Assessment Instrument and Internet Addiction Test. Cross-lagged panel model was constructed to estimate possible associations between FD and adolescent IA after controlling for demographic variables. Our results suggest that adolescents might get stuck in a vicious cycle of dysfunctional family and addictive Internet use: adolescents who lived in a dysfunctional family showed increased risk in IA in the subsequent year; in turn, adolescent IA further increased the possibility of FD. Moreover, multigroup comparison analysis revealed that the vicious cycle between FD and adolescent IA could be applied to both the only child and the non-only child. The findings may enrich the application of the Developmental Contextualism Theory and contribute to the identification of the starting points for intervention strategies of adolescent IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enna Wang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Dong
- School of Management, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jialin Xiao
- School of Humanities, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061 China
| | - Diyang Qu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Shan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061 China
- The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061 China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061 China
- The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061 China
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17
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Qiu L, Feng Y, Luo J, Zhang Y, Yang Q. Predictors of personal depression stigma in medical students in China: differences in male and female groups. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2022; 27:2093427. [PMID: 35747998 PMCID: PMC9245981 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2093427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Depression is common worldwide, and stigmatizing attitudes toward depression have proved to be one of the major barriers to seeking professional help. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of personal depression stigma and identify its predictive factors among medical students in Hainan, China, as well as explore the gender difference. A total of 2,186 medical students were recruited using stratified random cluster sampling and interviewed by structured anonymous questionnaires. Personal stigma was measured by the standardized Depression Stigma Scale (DSS). Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify predictors of stigma, and the interactions between gender and each predictor were included to test its gender difference. The mean score on DSS Scale was 13.71 ± 5.35, with males significantly higher than females (14.85 vs 12.99, P < 0.0001). Compared to females, males were more likely to agree with 'I would not vote for a class cadre if I knew they had been depressed' and 'I would not make friends with him if I knew he had been depressed'. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that males' personal stigma was predicted by being only child (ß = 1.01, P = 0.0083), moderate-to-severe depression (ß = 1.12, P = 0.0302), and lower self-rated academic core competitiveness (Competitive: ß = 1.29, P = 0.0088, Not at all/Somewhat competitive: ß = 1.04, P = 0.0381), while females' personal stigma was only associated with moderate-to-severe depression (ß = 1.75, P < 0.0001). Significant interactions were found between gender and self-rated academic core competitiveness. Stigmatizing attitudes toward depression were prevalent among Chinese medical students, especially male students. Gender differences were found in the predictors of stigma. Effective measures must be taken to reduce the stigma of mental health among Chinese medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Feng
- School of Management, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- School of Management, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yang
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, P. R. China
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18
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Association of single child family with subjective health complaints in children and adolescents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18221. [PMID: 36309563 PMCID: PMC9617861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of single-child families has been increasing across developing countries during the last decades. We aimed to examine the association between being a single child (SC) and subjective health complaints (SHCs) in Iranian children and adolescents. This study was conducted as a part of the fifth survey of a national surveillance program entitled Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable disease (CASPIAN-V). This national survey included a total of 14,400 students 7-18 years and their parents from rural and urban areas in 30 provinces of Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle variables, and SHCs were measured using the questionnaire of the World Health Organization on Global School-based Health Survey (WHO-GSHS). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the association of being an SC with SHCs. Data on 14,151 participants were available for this study, of whom 7.7% (1092) were SCs. The most frequent SHCs were irritability (37.1%, 95%CI: 36.3-37.9%), feeling nervous 32.5%, 95% CI: (31.7-33.3%), and headache 24.3%, 95%CI: (23.6-25.0% ). In the multivariate model, being an SC significantly increased the odds of dizziness [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.37(1.08-1.72)] and backache complaint [1.22(1.01-1.47)]. The association of being an SC with other SHCs (feeling low, irritability, feeling nervous, difficulty in getting to sleep, headache, stomachache) was not statistically significant (p value > 0.05). Our results suggest that being an SC may be associated with higher odds of dizziness and backache complaints.
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Salmon M, Sibeoni J, Harf A, Moro MR, Ludot-Grégoire M. Systematic review on somatization in a transcultural context among teenagers and young adults: Focus on the nosography blur. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:897002. [PMID: 35958663 PMCID: PMC9358691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.897002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Somatic complaints are a frequent cause for consultation in primary care. In a transcultural context, somatic complaints are typically associated with psychological distress. A recent review about somatic symptom disorders in adolescence showed some nosographic heterogeneity and outlined various etiological hypotheses (traumatic, environmental, or neurologic), separate from the cross-cultural considerations. Migrants' children encounter specific problems involving cultural mixing-issues of filiation (familial transmission) and affiliation (belonging to a group). This paper aims to provide a systematic review of somatization in transcultural contexts among teenagers and young adults, aged 13 to 24, over the past decade. Methods This review adheres to the quality criteria set forth by the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Two authors queried three English databases (Medline, PsycInfo, WebOfScience) about somatization in transcultural contexts (migrant or non-Western population) among teenagers (13-18), young adults (19-24), or both. The methodological process comprised articles selection, data extraction, and then the analysis of emerging themes. Setting selection criteria to limit the transcultural field was difficult. Results The study analyzed 68 articles. We present a descriptive analysis of the results, centered on three main themes. First, the literature highlights a nosographic muddle reflected in the combination of anxious and depressive symptoms together with the highly variable symptomatology. Second, discrimination issues were prevalent among the migrant population. Lastly, the literature review points out possibilities for improving a care pathway and reducing the diagnostic delay induced by migrants' hesitancy about Western care and the recurrent use of inappropriate diagnostic criteria. Conclusion This review discusses the links between the nosographic muddle described here and the diagnostic delays these patients experience and raises concerns about rigid diagnostic compartmentalization. The work of the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon is here useful to understand externalized symptoms resulting from physical and psychological confinement. Discrimination issues raise questions about the cultural counter-transference health professionals experience in dealing with young migrants. Defining healthcare professionals' representations about somatic complaints in a transcultural context might be a fruitful path to explore in future research. Protocol PROSPERO registration number CRD42021294132. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021294132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Salmon
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jordan Sibeoni
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent, Centre Hospitalier d'Argenteuil, Argenteuil, France
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Harf
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Rose Moro
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Villejuif, France
- Université de Paris, PCPP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Maude Ludot-Grégoire
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Villejuif, France
- Université de Paris, PCPP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Fernandes C, Santos AF, Fernandes M, Veríssimo M, Santos AJ. Caregivers’ Responses to Children’s Negative Emotions: Associations with Preschoolers’ Executive Functioning. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9071075. [PMID: 35884059 PMCID: PMC9317396 DOI: 10.3390/children9071075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of knowledge regarding the connection between parental emotional responsiveness and children’s executive functioning (EF). This study aimed to explore the relations between caregivers’ reactions to their children’s distress and children’s EF. Mothers of 136 preschoolers reported their reactions to their children’s negative emotions using the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale. Children’s EF was assessed through the mothers and teachers’ reports using the Behavioral Inventory of Executive Functioning for Preschool Children. Results showed that the mothers’ perceived use of negative emotional regulation responses (i.e., punitive and minimizing reactions) was associated with lower levels of EF in children, as reported by both mothers and teachers. The association between the mothers’ use of positive emotional regulation responses (i.e., problem-focused, emotion-focused, and expressive encouragement reactions) and children’s EF was not significant. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the mothers’ use of negative emotional regulation responses accounted for significant proportions of variance in EF indexes. These findings suggest that parental socialization of emotion could be important for children’s EF. Specifically, caregivers’ negative emotional regulation responses to children’s distress may serve as a risk factor for poorer EF in children. Efforts to improve children’s EF may be more effective when parental emotional responsiveness to their distress is considered.
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黄 薇, 周 勇, 邹 宏, 杨 星, 许 宏, 李 国, 汪 燕, 李 瑞, 曾 玲. [Differences in non-suicidal self-injury behaviors between only-child and non-only-child adolescents with mood disorders: a cross-sectional study]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:806-811. [PMID: 35894197 PMCID: PMC9336615 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2201106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the differences in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors between only-child and non-only-child adolescents with mood disorders. METHODS A three-stage sampling method was used to perform a cross-sectional survey of 529 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, who had mood disorders and NSSI behaviors. These adolescents were sampled from the outpatient service of 20 mental hospitals in 9 provinces of China from August to November 2020. A self-made questionnaire was used to collect general demographic data. The Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Stress Mindset Measure-General, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scales, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used to collect the information on self-injury behaviors and psychological factors in these adolescents. RESULTS A total of 529 adolescents with mood disorders and NSSI behaviors were surveyed, among whom 375 were only-child adolescents and 154 were non-only-child adolescents. Compared with the non-only-child group, the only-child group had a significantly higher total score of Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (P<0.05) .The type and frequency of self-injury in the only-child group were significantly higher than those in the non-only-child group (P<0.05). Psychological analysis showed that compared with the non-only-child group, the only-child group had a significantly lower score of self-esteem (P<0.05) and significantly higher scores of psychological distress and depressive symptoms (P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the score of suicidal ideation was positively correlated with the frequency of NSSI behaviors in both only-child and non-only-child adolescents with mood disorders (P<0.05); in the only-child adolescents, the level of self-esteem was negatively correlated with the frequency of NSSI behaviors (P<0.05), and the score of stress perception was positively correlated with the frequency of NSSI behaviors (P<0.05); in the non-only-child adolescents, the score of anxious emotion was positively correlated with the frequency of NSSI behaviors (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among the adolescents with mood disorders and NSSI behaviors, the only-child adolescents tend to have a higher frequency of self-injury and poorer mental health, and therefore, the only-child adolescents with mood disorders and NSSI behaviors need more attention.
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Jia X, Huang Y, Yu W, Ming WK, Qi F, Wu Y. A Moderated Mediation Model of the Relationship between Family Dynamics and Sleep Quality in College Students: The Role of Big Five Personality and Only-Child Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063576. [PMID: 35329263 PMCID: PMC8953608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sleep quality among college students is affected by numerous factors. Previous studies have linked sleep quality to family dynamics as well as personality. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The aim of this study is to incorporate a moderated mediation model to explore the big five personality traits in mediating the relationship between family dynamics and sleep quality and whether this indirect relationship is modified by only-child status among Chinese undergraduate students. Survey data were collected from a cross-sectional study conducted in Shandong, China and 1022 undergraduate students aged 18–24 were recruited. The mediation and moderated mediation modeling analyses were carried out with the software SPSS PROCESS macro. After controlling for gender and grade, mediation analysis indicated that conscientiousness and agreeableness of the big five personality traits partially mediated the link between family dynamics and sleep quality (β = −0.0093, CI: −0.0178, −0.0018; β = −0.0047, CI: −0.0084, −0.0013), and moderation analysis found only-child status acted as a moderator in the relationship between family dynamics and the agreeableness of the big five personality traits (only child, β = −0.0129, CI: −0.0196, −0.0072; non-only-child, β = −0.0040, CI: −0.0078, −0.0002). Results showed that family dynamics positively predicted sleep quality both directly and indirectly via the conscientiousness and agreeableness of big five personality traits. Only-child status moderated the indirect association between family dynamics and agreeableness of big five personality traits. The current study advanced our understanding of the mechanism underlying the connection between family dynamics and sleep quality and helped to develop intervention measures to improve sleep quality of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Jia
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.J.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yiqing Huang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.J.); (Y.H.)
| | - Wenli Yu
- School of Liberal Education, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China;
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Fei Qi
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, China
- Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao 266033, China
- Correspondence: (F.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Health Culture Research Center of Shaanxi, Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 725106, China
- Correspondence: (F.Q.); (Y.W.)
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Alexithymia and Mobile Phone Addiction Among College Students With and Without Siblings: a Moderated Mediation of Depression and Gender. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Zhang X, Gao F, Kang Z, Zhou H, Zhang J, Li J, Yan J, Wang J, Liu H, Wu Q, Liu B. Perceived Academic Stress and Depression: The Mediation Role of Mobile Phone Addiction and Sleep Quality. Front Public Health 2022; 10:760387. [PMID: 35145942 PMCID: PMC8821519 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.760387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although academic stress is a well-known risk factor for students' depression, little is known about the possible psychological mechanisms underlying this association. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of depression and sleep disturbance among Chinese students, examined the relationship between perceived academic stress and depression, considered if mobile phone addiction and sleep quality is a mediator of this relationship, and tested if mobile phone addiction and sleep quality together play a serial mediating role in the influence of perceived academic stress on depression. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students from September to December 2018 in Heilongjiang Province, China. The final analysis included 5,109 students. Mobile phone addiction, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scales, respectively. The serial mediation model was used to analyse the relationship between perceived academic stress, mobile phone addiction, sleep quality, and depression. RESULTS Among all participants, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance was 28.69 and 27.95%, respectively. High school students showed the highest scores of perceived academic stress (2.68 ± 1.06), and the highest prevalence of depressive symptoms (33.14%) and sleep disturbance (36.47%). The serial mediation model indicated that perceived academic stress was a significant predictor of depression (B = 0.10, SE = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.06 - 0.13). Additionally, mobile phone addiction (B = 0.08, 95% boot CI = 0.06-0.11) and sleep quality (B = 0.27, 95% boot CI = 0.22-0.33) played a mediating role between perceived academic stress and depression. Mobile phone addiction and sleep quality together played a serial mediating role in the influence of perceived academic stress on depression (B = 0.11, 95% boot CI = 0.08-0.14). Furthermore, the indirect effect (i.e., the mediating effect of mobile phone addiction and sleep quality) was significant and accounted for 64.01% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Our research results underscore the need for stakeholders-including family members, educators, and policy makers-to take preventative intervention measures to address depression among Chinese students, especially high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Food Safety and School Health, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongguo Zhou
- Department of Educational Administration, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and School Health, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Institute of Food Safety and School Health, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Food Safety and School Health, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Department of Elderly Healthcare and Management, School of Health Services and Management, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Xie Z, Yang C, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Xia W, Zong Y, Chi T, Shi B, Huang H, Gong C. Anxiety in Chinese Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Preliminary Study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:842470. [PMID: 35237543 PMCID: PMC8882858 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.842470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To preliminarily analyze factors that affected the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). METHODS The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was used to screen anxiety in Chinese CL/P patients. Non-CL/P individuals were also included as the control group. Sociodemographic and clinical data consisting of diagnosis, gender, only child or not, monthly household income, and current family location were collected to analyze possible factors that could affect the anxiety of this patient population. RESULTS One hundred forty-two and 78 valid questionnaires were collected from the study and control groups, respectively. The mean GAD-7 score of the study group (3.092 ± 3.381) was significantly lower than the control (3.987 ± 2.505). Moreover, the proportion of patients presenting with moderate-severe anxiety was larger in the study group than in the control group (6.6 vs. 0.0%). Statistically significant differences in GAD-7 scores were observed between the study and control groups when the patient was the only child, living in an urban area, or the monthly household income was between 1,000 and 5,000 yuan. CONCLUSION Although the severity of anxiety in Chinese CL/P patients was not severer than those without CL/P, there was a relatively high incidence of moderate-severe anxiety in CL/P patients, while the only child, current family location and the monthly household income played significant roles in affecting anxiety psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yichun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhu X, Shek DTL, Dou D. Factor structure of the Chinese CES-D and invariance analyses across gender and over time among Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:639-646. [PMID: 34509779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research findings on the factor structure and invariance of the Center for the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) are inconclusive. Besides, very few studies have examined factorial invariance of the scale over time. Related studies based on Chinese adolescents are also sparse. This study attempted to examine the factor structure of the CES-D and its invariance across gender and time over a one-year period among adolescents in mainland China. METHOD A total of 3,010 adolescents (mean age = 13.16 years, 1,730 boys) completed a questionnaire including the CES-D at Wave 1 and 2,648 of them completed the same survey one year later. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the factor structure of the CES-D. Factorial invariance of the resultant factor structure was tested using cross-sectional multi-group CFA (girls vs. boys) at Wave 1 and Wave 2 and longitudinal CFA (Wave 1 vs. Wave 2). RESULTS EFA and CFA revealed a three-factor model of the CES-D, including "somatic complaints," "depressed affect," and "positive affect." Additionally, findings supported the factorial invariance across gender and over time for the three-factor model. LIMITATIONS Limitations of the present study included a lack of adolescents from different areas in mainland China (particularly rural areas) and only a one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This pioneering study suggests that there are three stable dimensions of the CES-D in Chinese adolescents in mainland China which are invariant across gender and over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Daniel T L Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Diya Dou
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China
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Dou D, Shek DTL, Zhu X, Zhao L. Dimensionality of the Chinese CES-D: Is It Stable across Gender, Time, and Samples? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211818. [PMID: 34831573 PMCID: PMC8625664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental illness among Chinese adolescents. Although the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) has been widely used in diverse populations, the reported factor structures are inconsistent, and its longitudinal invariance is under-researched. This study examined the psychometric properties and factorial invariance across gender and time of the CES-D among Chinese adolescents. Adolescents aged above 11 years from five schools in Chengdu responded to a questionnaire at Wave 1 (n = 5690). Among them, 4981 participants completed the same questionnaire after six months (Wave 2). The matched sample was composed of 4922 students (51.5% were girls; mean age = 13.15 years) at Wave 1. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the factor structure and performed multi-group CFA to test the factorial invariance across gender and time. A three-factor solution was identified, including "positive affect", "somatic complaints", and "depressed affect". Results of multi-group CFA comparisons supported the factorial invariance of the resultant three-factor solution. Using a new sample of Chinese adolescents in Southwestern China, the present study reproduced earlier findings on adolescents in other areas in China. This study has implications for depression assessment and research in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Dou
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (D.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Daniel T. L. Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (D.D.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (D.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Li Zhao
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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Wu M, Wu PY, Yang J, Li X. The Family Function and Exercise Behavior of Chinese College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Exercise Value Cognition and Only-Child Status. Front Psychol 2021; 12:644742. [PMID: 34512430 PMCID: PMC8432938 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of exercise value cognition between family function (FF) and exercise behavior and the moderating role of an only-child status. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 504 Chinese college students using the FF scale, the exercise value cognition scale, and the exercise behavior scale. The analysis yielded four main findings. (1) There are significant differences between an only-child and a non-only-child for negative exercise behavior and FF. The only-child group has a higher average FF score and a lower average negative exercise score. (2) Exercise behavior and four of its dimensions-exercise autonomy, attention control, exercise planning, and situational induction-are each significantly positively correlated with FF and exercise value cognition. (3) FF is a significantly positive predictor of exercise behavior, both directly and through exercise value cognition, which plays a partial mediating role. (4) Only-child status significantly moderates the mediating effect of exercise value cognition in the link between FF and exercise behavior. The intergroup differences mainly manifest in the influence of FF on exercise behavior and the influence of exercise value cognition on exercise behavior. In the only-child subsample, exercise value cognition plays a complete mediating role. The results of the current study demonstrated the important role that FF and exercise value cognition played in promoting the exercise behavior of college students. These findings have important implications for exercise behavior in adolescents by maintaining sound communication between family members and developing a healthy lifestyle or value cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yao Wu
- Changzhou University Huaide College, Jingjiang, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Problems among Chinese Adolescents with Frequent Peer Victimization Experiences. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050403. [PMID: 34067610 PMCID: PMC8156262 DOI: 10.3390/children8050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of mental health outcomes, particularly depression, anxiety, and insomnia, in adolescents with frequent peer victimization experiences (FPVEs). In this cross-sectional study, 490 adolescents reported having FPVEs (prevalence, 4.2%; mean age, 13.40 ± 1.38 years old; 52.2% male) completed a series of surveys to evaluate their demographic factors and mental health status. The results showed that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia were 50.3%, 33.8%, and 40.2%, respectively. Older age, being female, being left behind, and more adverse childhood experiences were correlated with more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among adolescents with FPVEs. At the same time, social support and self-compassion were good for ameliorating these mental health problems. Implications for intervention programs designed to improve the mental health of adolescents with FPVEs were also discussed.
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Sun W, Mei J, Wang Y, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Zhang C, Pan C, Li G, Chen Y, Miao J, Lan Y, Qiu X, Xu Y. Psycho-social factors associated with high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents and gender difference in adolescent depression: an epidemiological survey in China's Hubei Province. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:168. [PMID: 33771118 PMCID: PMC7995784 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring etiological clues to adolescent depression, especially in female adolescents, might be helpful to improve the social environment of female adolescents. The aim at this study is to explore psycho-social factors of female adolescents with high depressive symptomatology and gender differences in depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. METHOD We examined 4100 adolescents from Wuhan city and Jianli county via a cross-sectional study. Depressive symptomatology was screened through the Chinese version of Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the factors related to high depressive symptomatology in female and male adolescents, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of high depressive symptomatology in female and male were 38.9 and 30.2% respectively. The psycho-social factors of high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents were age (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.201, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.076 ~ 1.341), single parent family (aOR = 2.004, 95%CI, 1.448 ~ 2.772) and fathers' education level (compared to primary school and below, [Junior middle school, aOR = 0.641, 95%CI, 0.439 ~ 0.934; Senior middle school, aOR = 0.603, 95%CI, 0.410 ~ 0.888; College degree and above, aOR = 0.639, 95%CI, 0.437 ~ 0.936]). CONCLUSION Fathers' education level was associated with high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents. Female adolescents whose father with primary school education or below deserves more attention. Further epidemiologic researches need to be conducted to explore the different risk factors between female and male adolescents in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Sun
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Junhua Mei
- grid.410609.aDepartment of Neurology, Wuhan First Hospital, No.215 Zhongshan Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Chensheng Pan
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Guo Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yan Lan
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plastic surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Liu Y, Jiang Q. Who Benefits From Being an Only Child? A Study of Parent-Child Relationship Among Chinese Junior High School Students. Front Psychol 2021; 11:608995. [PMID: 33488473 PMCID: PMC7820425 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.608995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than three decades of implementation, China's one-child policy has generated a large number of only children. Although extensive research has documented the developmental outcomes of being an only child, research on the parent-child relational quality of the only child is somewhat limited. Using China Education Panel Survey (2014), this study examined whether the only child status was associated with parent-child relationships among Chinese junior high school students. It further explored whether children's gender moderated the association between the only child status and parent-child relationships. Two-level ordered logit models suggested that only children were more likely to report a close relationship with their mothers and fathers compared to children from multiple-child families (including two-child families). Taking birth order into consideration, we found that, only children were more likely to have close parent-child relationships than firstborns, whereas no significant differences were found between only children and lastborns. Interaction analyses further suggested that the only child advantages were gender-specific: the positive effects of the only child status were stronger for daughters than for sons, that is, daughters benefited more from being only children. Our findings highlight the importance of considering children's gender and birth order in exploring the only child effects in the Chinese context. Additional analyses about sibling-gender composition indicated female children were more likely to be disadvantaged with the presence of younger brothers, whereas male children benefited more from having older sisters. This reveals that the son preference culture is still deep-rooted in the Chinese multiple-child families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Liu
- Institute for Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quanbao Jiang
- Institute for Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Yen KT, Cherng S. Secondary Prevention of Depressive Prodrome in Adolescents: Before and After Attending a Jogging Program on Campus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7705. [PMID: 33105575 PMCID: PMC7659965 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adolescent depressive prodrome has been conceptualized as an early integrated sign of depressive symptoms, which may develop to a first episode of depression or return to normal for the adolescents. In this study, depressive prodrome presented the early self-rated depressive symptoms for the sample participants. By referring to the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale and the psychometric characteristics of the Adolescent Depression Scale (ADR), we proposed a self-rated questionnaire to assess the severity of the depressive symptoms in adolescents before and after attending the jogging program on a high school campus in Taiwan. With the parental co-signature and self-signed informed consent form, 284 high school students under the average age of 15 years, participated in this study in March 2019. Through the software of IBMSPSS 25, we used a binary logistic model, principal component analysis (PCA), multiple-dimensional analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to analyze the severity of the depressive prodrome via the threshold severity score (SC) and false positive rate (FPR). Findings revealed that attending the 15-week jogging program (3 times a week, 45 min each) on campus can change the severity status and reduce the prevalence of moderate-severe depressive prodrome by 26%. The two-dimensional approach identified three symptoms, which were the crying spell, loss of pleasure doing daily activities, and feeling the decline in memory. They kept being invariant symptoms during the course of depressive prodrome assessment for sample participants. In this study, the campus jogging program appeared to be able to affect the FPR of the measure of depressive prodrome. Compared with the subthreshold depression, the depressive prodrome emphasized the assessment from the view of the secondary prevention by representing the change from a person's premorbid functioning up until the first onset of depression or returning to normal. However, the subthreshold depression is a form of minor depression according to DSM-5 criteria varying on the number of symptoms and duration required, highly prevalent in the concern of primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tien Yen
- Department of Leisure and Sports Management, Chengshiu University, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan;
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Chengshiu University, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan
| | - Shen Cherng
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chengshiu University, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan
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Chi X, Liu X, Huang Q, Cui X, Lin L. The Relationship between Positive Youth Development and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Early Adolescents: A Three-Year Cross-Lagged Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6404. [PMID: 32887499 PMCID: PMC7503901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on the development assets theory and the scar model, the present study examined the relationship between positive youth development (PYD) and depressive symptoms among Chinese early adolescents using a three-year longitudinal study design. Data from three waves were collected from 1301 students (Mean age = 12.46, SD = 0.63 years and 51.2% boys at wave 1) across the junior high school period (Grades 7-9). All participants completed a questionnaire that included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale (CPYD) once a year over three years. After controlling for age and gender, this study found that PYD significantly predicted subsequent depressive symptoms. However, depressive symptoms did not significantly predict subsequent PYD. The results indicated a unidirectional relationship between PYD and depressive symptoms, where a reduction in PYD may increase subsequent depressive symptoms, though not vice versa. Besides, the negative cross-sectional correlation between PYD and depressive symptoms remains significant and stable from first year (T1) to third year (T3). These findings suggest that promoting PYD may be a promising approach to preventing/reducing adolescent depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chi
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.L.); (X.C.)
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.L.); (X.C.)
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Hong Chuang Kindergarten, Yi Cheng Center, Longhua District, Shenzhen 518131, China
| | - Qiaomin Huang
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Law School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiumin Cui
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.L.); (X.C.)
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;
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Chi X, Liu X, Huang Q, Huang L, Zhang P, Chen X. Depressive Symptoms among Junior High School Students in Southern China: Prevalence, Changes, and Psychosocial Correlates. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:1191-1200. [PMID: 32663950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common mental health problems in adolescents. A careful assessment of the prevalence and risk of depressive symptoms, as well as those factors that protect against it, is essential for prevention and intervention programs. METHOD Using two waves of data from Grade 7 to Grade 9 (N = 1,544 students in Wave 1), this study examined the prevalence and changes of depressive symptoms and their related psychosocial correlates (personal and familial factors, including family functioning and positive youth development [PYD] constructs) among junior high school students in Southern China. RESULTS The results showed that while depressive symptoms generally declined throughout the secondary junior school years, symptoms of major depression remained stable. Concurrently, academic achievement, family functioning, and PYD constructs regarding cognitive behavioral competence (CBC), positive identity (PIT), and general PYD qualities (GPYDQ) negatively predicted depressive symptoms in Wave 1. Longitudinally, being female, having poor academic achievement and family functioning, and having a low PIT in Wave 1 significantly predicted depressive symptoms in Wave 2. LIMITATIONS This study used the self-reporting approach, did not track a long-term developmental trajectories of adolescent depressive symptoms, and did not cover all potential predictors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that being female and having poor academic achievement are risk factors, while positive family functioning and PYD constructs protect against the development of adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Postal address: No.3688, Nanhai Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, 518060; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China; Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China, 100872; The Laboratory of the Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China, 100872
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Postal address: No.3688, Nanhai Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, 518060; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomin Huang
- Law School of Shenzhen University, Postal address: No.3688, Nanhai Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, 518060
| | - Liuyue Huang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Postal address: No.3688, Nanhai Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, 518060; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Peichao Zhang
- Research Center of Modern Psychology, Department of Philosophy, Wuhan University, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China, 100872; The Laboratory of the Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China, 100872.
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Cheng S, Jia C, Wang Y. Only Children Were Associated with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among College Students in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114035. [PMID: 32517044 PMCID: PMC7313008 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students and analyzed the associations between only children and anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students in China. A total of 645 college students, from three universities in Jinan, Shandong, China, were investigated by questionnaire. The self-designed general information questionnaire was used to collect the demographic information such as gender, age, only children or not and so on. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale were used to reflect the psychological state of college students. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze associated factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms. We have found that there were 25.7% college students with anxiety symptom, 22.2% college students with depressive symptom, and 18.3% college students with a comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety symptom, depressive symptom, and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms in only children was higher than those among non-only children. There were no differences between males and females in anxiety symptom, depressive symptom, and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms among all college students, only child college students and non-only child college students. Only children were associated with anxiety symptom, depressive symptom, comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms after adjusting potential important confounding factors, such as professional category, grade, parental relationship, parenting style, interpersonal relationship, activity participation enthusiasm, sleeping time, and eating habits. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students was high. We should pay more attention to the mental health of college students, especially that of only child college students.
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Gu J, Chen ST. Association between Active Travel to School and Depressive Symptoms among Early Adolescents. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7050041. [PMID: 32370151 PMCID: PMC7278828 DOI: 10.3390/children7050041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although much evidence has demonstrated the positive relationship of active school travel (AST) and physical health, little is known about the relationship of AST and mental health indicators among early adolescents, especially in Chinese populations. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship of AST with depressive symptoms and its sex as well as age difference among early adolescents from Shanghai urban areas, China. Methods: 6478 adolescents (mean age = 13.6) in urban area were recruited, of whom boys accounted for 46.2%. A self-reported questionnaire in Chinese was used to collect data on AST and depressive symptoms, and other control variables. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationships of AST with depressive symptoms. Results: Of all included participants, 53.2% of adolescents reported being active in AST without sex difference. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.2% without sex difference. AST was associated with reporting no depressive symptoms in adolescents (adjusted OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.06–1.36). However, the relationship was significant in boys (adjusted OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.11–1.60), in those who were grade 8 (adjusted OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.01–1.55) and 9 (adjusted OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.01–1.65) adolescents. Conclusions: AST may play an important role in preventing depressive symptoms among early adolescents. However, the relationship of AST with depressive symptoms differed by sex and age. More research is encouraged to explore the mechanism linking AST and depressive symptoms among adolescents, especially in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Gu
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Si-Tong Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China;
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