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Shoyiga HO, Fayemi OE. Conductive polymers and derivatives as recognition element for electrochemical sensing of food and drug additives: A brief perspective. Heliyon 2025; 11:e41575. [PMID: 39897782 PMCID: PMC11786671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 12/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) are a distinct category of polymeric materials characterised by conjugated main chains that display adjustable electrical and optical properties. By regulating their doping states, these characteristics can be enhanced for many applications. CPs have demonstrated stability in aquatic conditions, rendering them suitable as electroactive and recognition elements in chemointerfaces and as electrode materials, particularly in water-based systems. This paper examines the use of CPs and CP-based nanocomposites in electrochemical sensors, specifically their application in identifying contaminants in food and pharmaceuticals. This research offers a thorough examination of the mechanics underlying CP-based electrochemical sensors, elucidating the origin of their detecting abilities and the characteristics that render them suitable for various applications. It encompasses the theoretical understanding foundation of electrochemical sensing, providing insights into the principal frameworks and prevalent conducting polymers and their derivatives utilised in sensor development. Alongside the concepts of electrochemical sensing, we examine diverse electroanalytical techniques, including chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry, which are presented in a tabular format. These techniques are extensively employed for the detection and quantification of pharmaceuticals and food adulterants. We briefly highlight CP-based nanocomposites that improve sensitivity and reduce detection limits of these sensors, with this information compiled in a comprehensive table. In summary, electrodes constructed from CP-based nanocomposites typically exceed the performance of those built from pristine CPs. Nevertheless, additional systematic research is required to enhance the comprehension of the design and optimisation of nanocomposite-based electrodes for more effective sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan O. Shoyiga
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University(Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Omolola E. Fayemi
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University(Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
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Jana S, Tukadiya NA, Boonchun A, Jha PK. Metal-Metalloid Modified C 36 Fullerene: A Dual Role in Drug Delivery and Sensing for Anticancer Chlormethine Explored through DFT and MD Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:49786-49803. [PMID: 39713662 PMCID: PMC11656233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c08490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Spurred by the latest developments and growing utilization of zero-dimensional (0D) drug delivery and drug sensors, this investigation examines the possibilities of the 0D C36 fullerene for drug delivery and the detection of the anticancer drug chlormethine (CHL), the overabundance of which poses a significant threat to living organisms. This study employs density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations (AIMD) to evaluate and gain insights into the interaction mechanisms between pristine C36 fullerene, metal-metalloid (MM)-modified C36 fullerene (with Al, Fe, and B), and the anticancer drug CHL. It is observed that in the gas phase, the CHL drug molecule adsorbs onto the fullerenes in the following order: B-C36 > Fe-C36 > Al-C36 > C36. However, when considering the solvent effect, the adsorption energy of the CHL drug molecule on B-C36 increases, indicating chemisorption behavior. This implies that B-C36 could be a promising candidate for drug delivery applications, particularly for the CHL anticancer drug. In contrast, the adsorption energy of the CHL drug molecule on Fe-C36 decreases with the presence of the solvent, resulting in intermediate physisorption. Due to its minimal recovery time, excellent sensing response, intermediate physisorption, and shorter interatomic distance compared to C36 and Al-C36 fullerenes, Fe-C36 is well-suited as a drug sensor for CHL. AIMD simulations demonstrate that the B-C36/CHL and Fe-C36/CHL complexes are well-equilibrated and highly stable in the aqueous phase at 300 and 310 K respectively, with no evidence of bond breakage or formation. The structural stability observed, even with temperature fluctuations, indicates that the electrostatic interactions are robust enough to maintain cohesion of the fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav
Kanti Jana
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Namrata A. Tukadiya
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja
Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 39002, India
| | - Adisak Boonchun
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prafulla K. Jha
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja
Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 39002, India
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Novin MH, Razaghi E, Farzadfar F, Tarokh MJ, Rouhifard M. Measuring The Harms Caused by Illicit Drugs. A New Methodology for Estimating Drug Harm Index. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1870-1878. [PMID: 39069745 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2383973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use carries a wide range of negative consequences, impacting both the individual using the substances and others. In recent years, there have been multiple efforts to assess the harm caused by drugs and to rank them, with each taking a distinctive approach to the matter. Objectives: This study seeks to introduce a new model for assessing the harm index and ranking of drugs. Methods: This prospective study involved the evaluation of 277 male drug users, assessing substance use harm on four separate occasions throughout the span of 1 year. Various aspects of harm were quantified through the utilization of the Duke Health Profile (DUKE) and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) questionnaire. The pharmaceutical properties of each drug were incorporated into the study. The relationship between the combined variables in a mixed statistical model was determined at a significance level of .05 using the Rsoftware. This procedure facilitated the establishment of models and the definition of harm index ranges for each substance. Result: The results indicated that heroin had the highest harm index at 71.2 (95% CI69.6-72.8), while pure methadone scored the lowest at 36.5 (95% CI31.7-41.7), along with methadone combined with methamphetamine, which scored 35 (95% CI33-37.1). Conclusion: The variables utilized in this study can help estimate the approximate harm index range for both traditional and novel substances. Furthermore, the harm model designed in this study has the capability to predict the extent of harm to a drug user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Novin
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emran Razaghi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Tarokh
- Industrial Engineering Department, K.T. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Rouhifard
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hezarkhani LA, Babajani F, Salari N, Hassanabadi M, Sariaslani P, Mehrafroz M, Mohammadi M. The relationship between opium and marijuana addiction and ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 43:14659-14667. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-05405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Migdanis A, Migdanis I, Papadopoulou SK, Hadjivasiliou L, Trifonova N, Villioti M, Giaginis C, Kosti RI, Androutsos O. Αssessment of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of Former Opioid Users Undergoing Detoxification Process. Cureus 2023; 15:e50068. [PMID: 38186545 PMCID: PMC10767476 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Opioid dependence is often associated with impaired nutritional status, weight changes, nutritional deficiencies, and increased sugar consumption. Scientific quantified data on the dietary habits and intake of such patients are sparse. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted among 60 male and female former heroin addicts, who sought detoxification at the OKANA replacement therapy unit, in a public university hospital. All patients were treated for their addiction with buprenorfine/naloxone in combination with counseling. With the use of an administered questionnaire, several parameters were assessed and recorded, including nutritional habits, anthropometric characteristics, recent weight and medical history, and physical activity level of the participants. Additionally, a three-day dietary recall was performed and quantified with the aid of nutritional analysis software. The results were compared with the macronutrient requirements, calculated total energy expenditure, and the population reference intake (PRI) of the participants. Finally, the level of compliance of the participants to the Mediterranean diet model was assessed using the Mediterranean diet score tool. RESULTS The vast majority of the participants (77%) had a normal BMI of 18.5-25, and 15% were categorized as underweight (<18.5). Furthermore, 63% of the patients reported a mean unintended weight reduction of 9 kg over the last three months. Regarding mean energy and protein intake, no significant differences between reported intake and calculated requirements were recorded. Sugar consumption was high since it reached 20% of the total energy intake. Micronutrient intake was significantly lower for vitamins K, E, and C and potassium compared with the PRI (p=0.034, p=0.001, p=0.046, and p=0.001, respectively). Finally, a low adherence of the participants to the Mediterranean diet model was observed since 38% scored ≤15 and 62% ≤ 30 on the Mediterranean diet score tool. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of the study, the general nutritional status of this category of patients seems to be impaired, presenting an apparent weight reduction and an inadequate intake of some micronutrients and displaying disturbed eating behaviors. Further data on the field are required to build a future evidence base. Dietary assessment and individualized nutritional counseling, when necessary, might need to be incorporated into the typical clinical management of this patient category to avoid nutritional deficiencies and improve the withdrawal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Migdanis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GRC
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GRC
| | - Ioannis Migdanis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GRC
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GRC
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | - Nevena Trifonova
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GRC
| | - Maria Villioti
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GRC
| | | | - Rena I Kosti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GRC
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Tegegne KD, Boke MM, Lakew AZ, Gebeyehu NA, Kassaw MW. Alcohol and khat dual use among male adults in Ethiopia: A multilevel multinomial analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290415. [PMID: 37733791 PMCID: PMC10513231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substance use has been a long-standing global public health problem with detrimental physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences at individual and societal levels. Large-scale and gender-specific studies on the dual use of alcohol and khat are limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dual alcohol and khat use and identify associated factors among male adults in Ethiopia. METHODS The present study used data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Prior to data analysis, the data were weighted to ensure a representative sample and obtain a reliable estimate. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with alcohol and khat use. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval and P value ≤ 0.05 in the multivariable model were used to identify significant factors associated with alcohol and khat use. RESULTS This study included 12,688 participants, of which (80.29%) were from rural areas. The mean age of participants was 30.92 years old. The prevalence of neither Alcohol nor Khat users were (33.2%); 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (32.4-34.1) only Khat users (22.0%); 95% CI (21.2-22.7), only Alcohol users (35.6%); 95% CI (34.7-36.4), and dual Alcohol and Khat users were (9.0%); 95% CI (8.5-9.5). At the individual level: being in the age group of 15-29 years and 30-49years increases the odds of Khat chewing by AOR (95%CI) 2.27 (1.75, 2.89) and 1.55 (1.16, 2.07) times, respectively. At the community level: males from Amhara 3.49(1.91, 6.42), and Tigray 2.7(1.49, 5.05) regions were more likely to drink alcohol. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of dual alcohol and khat use implies for greater access to evidence-based treatment. Multiple factors are associated with alcohol and khat use at individual and community levels. All male adults would benefit from targeted preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirubel Dagnaw Tegegne
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Muluneh Boke
- Department of Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asres Zegeye Lakew
- Associate Animal Health Researcher at Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Natnael Atnafu Gebeyehu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolita Sodo University, Wolita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Wudu Kassaw
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Mohammadi N, Shirian S, Gorji A, Roshanpajouh M, Ahmadi E, Nazari H, Arezoomandan R. The potential protective effect of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine alone and in combination on opioid-induced testicular dysfunction and degeneration in rat. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108453. [PMID: 37536455 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Methadone (Met) is the most common treatment for opioid addiction. Although Met is effective for treatment of opioid dependence, sexual dysfunctions and infertility have been reported as a major problem in patients under Met treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine (N) on morphine and Met-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, suppression of blood sexual hormones, impairment in sperm parameters, and sexual dysfunction. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 66) were randomly divided into 11 equal groups (n = 6) as follows: control, sham, morphine, Met, Met+N, Met+ melatonin, Met+melatonin+N, morphine+ Met, morphine+Met+ melatonin, morphine+Met+N, and morphine+Met+ melatonin+N groups. On day 56 post-treatment, the blood was collected from the tail and the serum levels of sex hormones were evaluated, then the rats were sacrificed, and their bilateral testes and epididymis were retrieved for histological, immunohistochemical, molecular, testicular tissue stress oxidative status, and sperm parameters assays. Exposure to morphine, Met, and shift of morphine to Met resulted in testicular degeneration that can be attributed to generating the stress oxidative-induced- apoptotic testicular cell death and impairing spermatogenesis. Melatonin and N alone and particularly, in combination with each other improved testicular degeneration, sex hormone suppression, and testicular function mediated by increasing the testicular antioxidant capacity and inhibition of the apoptosis pathway. It's suggested that oral administration of antioxidants may be an effective treatment for attenuating some opioid-related testicular dysfunction and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Mohammadi
- Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr. Daneshbod Pathol Lab, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universitat Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Mohsen Roshanpajouh
- Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ahmadi
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Nazari
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Arezoomandan
- Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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Siva Prasad MS, Priyatha CV, K Joseph J, Aneesh EM. Use of psychoactive substances by goods carriage drivers associated with Kerala, India. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2023; 24:663-669. [PMID: 37603111 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2246163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the prevalence of drugs of abuse (DOA) among the goods carriage drivers associated with the southern State of India, Kerala. METHODS Point-of-collection testing (POCT) of oral fluid collected from the participants (n = 249) was done using the Evidence MultiSTAT DOA Oral Fluid II Assay kits and the Evidence MultiSTAT analyzer. RESULTS Out of the total samples, 53 (21.29%) were positive for one or more DOA. A high prevalence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (10.04%) and synthetic cannabinoids were detected in the samples. The use of ketamine, alpha-PVP, LSD, methamphetamine, opiate, 6-MAM, benzodiazepines I, methadone, PCP, tramadol, and amphetamine was also detected and their frequency of use ranged between 4.02 and 0.80%. An association between drug abuse and distance of travel was found in drivers in this study, χ2 (5, N = 249) = 123.5, p < 0.001. Confirmatory analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed excellent agreement with the results of the screening test. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study conducted among drivers in India for the detection of DOA. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was used more by the goods carriage drivers associated with Kerala State, India. The use of psychoactive substances significantly increased with the distance of travel. Point-of-collection testing (POCT) by the biochip array technology is an efficient method for the detection of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Siva Prasad
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Kerala Police Academy, Thrissur, India
| | - C V Priyatha
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, India
| | | | - E M Aneesh
- Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, India
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Lamm R, Cannaday S, Ponzini F, Moskal D, Lundgren M, Williamson JE, Wummer B, Huang R, Sun G, Song SG, Im B, Kowal LL, Wu I, Bowne WB, Nevler A, Cowan SW, Yeo T, Yeo CJ, Lavu H. Implementation of an opioid reduction toolkit in pancreatectomy patients significantly increases patient awareness of safe practice and decreases amount prescribed and consumed. HPB (Oxford) 2023; 25:807-812. [PMID: 37019725 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative opioid abuse following surgery is a major concern. This study sought to create an opioid reduction toolkit to reduce the number of narcotics prescribed and consumed while increasing awareness of safe disposal in pancreatectomy patients. METHODS Prescription, consumption, and refill request data for postoperative opioids were collected from patients receiving an open pancreatectomy before and after the implementation of an opioid reduction toolkit. Outcomes included safe disposal practice awareness for unused medication. RESULTS 159 patients were included in the study: 24 in the pre-intervention and 135 in the post-intervention group. No significant demographic or clinical differences existed between groups. Median morphine milliequivalents (MMEs) prescribed were significantly reduced from 225 (225-310) to 75 (75-113) in the post-intervention group (p < 0.0001). Median MMEs consumed were significantly reduced from 109 (111-207) to 15 (0-75), p < 0.0001), as well. Refill request rates remained equivalent during the study (Pre: 17% v Post: 13%, p = 0.9) while patient awareness of safe disposal increased (Pre: 25% v Post: 62%, p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION An opioid reduction toolkit significantly reduced the number of postoperative opioids prescribed and consumed after open pancreatectomy, while refill request rates remained the same and patients' awareness of safe disposal increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lamm
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Shawnna Cannaday
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Francesca Ponzini
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - David Moskal
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Megan Lundgren
- Penn Highlands Hospital, Department of Surgery, Dubois, PA, 15801, USA
| | - John E Williamson
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Brandon Wummer
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Rachel Huang
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - George Sun
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Steven G Song
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Brian Im
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Luke L Kowal
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Inga Wu
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Wilbur B Bowne
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Avinoam Nevler
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Scott W Cowan
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Theresa Yeo
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Charles J Yeo
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Harish Lavu
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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Amini-Rarani M, Moeeni M, Ponnet K. Male patients' preferences for opioid use treatment programs. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:440. [PMID: 37328768 PMCID: PMC10273501 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A patient-centered approach to the treatment of substance use is helpful in achieving positive treatment outcomes. This study aimed to explore male patients' preferences for opioid use treatments. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted in Isfahan, a city in the center of Iran. The study sample included 64 male participants who had started treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Using a purposive maximum variation sampling procedure, seven treatment centers were selected as interview venues. The semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted in a private room in the selected centers. A hybrid inductive/deductive approach was used to thematize the interview transcripts. RESULTS A total of three themes and 13 subthemes on opioid treatment preferences were identified: treatment concerns (anonymity, social stigma, fear of treatment distress, and family concerns), treatment attributes (treatment cost, location of the treatment center, treatment period, frequency of attendance, informed treatment, and treatment personnel), and treatment type (maintenance or abstinence and residential and community treatments). The study showed that all treatment programs were perceived to have their own strengths and weaknesses. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that patients with OUD carefully compare the positive and negative aspects of existing treatment programs, and they consider a treatment program to be a package of favorable and non-favorable qualities. The identified themes could inform policymakers about the treatment preferences of male patients and provide an opportunity to promote better treatment options for OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Amini-Rarani
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Moeeni
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Koen Ponnet
- Faculty of social sciences, imec-mict-ghent university, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Ding Z, Wang C, Song X, Li N, Zheng X, Wang C, Su M, Liu H. Strong π-Metal Interaction Enables Liquid Interfacial Nanoarray-Molecule Co-assembly for Raman Sensing of Ultratrace Fentanyl Doped in Heroin, Ketamine, Morphine, and Real Urine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12570-12579. [PMID: 36808908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Toward the challenge on reliable determination of trace fentanyl to avoid opioid overdose death in drug crisis, here we realize rapid and direct detection of trace fentanyl in real human urine without pretreatment by a portable surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) strategy on liquid/liquid interfacial (LLI) plasmonic arrays. It was observed that fentanyl could interact with the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) surface, facilitate the LLI self-assembly, and consequently amplify the detection sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1 ng/mL in aqueous solution and 50 ng/mL spiked in urine. Furthermore, we achieve multiplex blind sample recognition and classification of ultratrace fentanyl doped in other illegal drugs, which has extremely low LODs at mass concentrations of 0.02% (2 ng in 10 μg of heroin), 0.02% (2 ng in 10 μg of ketamine), and 0.1% (10 ng in 10 μg of morphine). A logic circuit of the AND gate was constructed for automatic recognition of illegal drugs with or without fentanyl doping. The data-driven analog soft independent modeling model could quickly distinguish fentanyl-doped samples from illegal drugs with 100% specificity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation elucidates the underlying molecular mechanism of nanoarray-molecule co-assembly through strong π-metal interactions and the differences in the SERS signal of various drug molecules. It paves a rapid identification, quantification, and classification strategy for trace fentanyl analysis, indicating broad application prospects in response to the opioid epidemic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Ding
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xin Song
- Hefei Public Security Bureau, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ning Li
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | | | - Chenxue Wang
- Hefei Public Security Bureau, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Mengke Su
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Marzban M, Mohebbi E, Haghdoost A, Aryaie M, Zahedi MJ, Khazaei Z, Gholizade M, Naghibzadeh-Tahami A. Opium Use and the Risk of Liver Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:29-35. [PMID: 36149933 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Limited evidence is available to acknowledge the association between opium use and liver cancer. In a case-control study, we recruited 117 cases of primary liver cancer (PLC) and 234 age and sex-matched neighborhood controls from 2016 to 2018. We calculated odds ratios (OR) for opium use and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), using conditional logistic regressions. Compared with non-users the adjusted OR (AOR, 95% CI) for opium use was 6.5 (95% CI, 2.87-13.44). Compared with people who had no history of use, a strong dose-response effect of opium use was observed by amount of use (AOR, 10.70; 95% CI, 3.92-28.70). Cumulative use of opium also indicated that using over 30 gr-year could increase the PLC risk dramatically (AOR, 11.0; 95% CI, 3.83-31.58). Those who used opium for more than 21 years were highly at risk of PLC (AOR, 11.66; 95% CI, 4.43-30.67). The observed associations were significant even among never tobacco smokers (including cigarette and water-pipe smoking). PREVENTION RELEVANCE The results of this study indicate that opium use dramatically increased the risk of liver cancer. Because opioids are increasing for medical and non-medical use globally; accordingly, severe health consequences such as liver cancer have to be investigated widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Marzban
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Elham Mohebbi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Haghdoost
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aryaie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zahedi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zaher Khazaei
- Nahavand School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Gholizade
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Li N, Zhang T, Hurr C. Effect of high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise on blood pressure, heart rate variability, and respiratory function in people with methamphetamine use disorder. Sci Sports 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Li W, Wang YY, Xiao L, Ding J, Wang L, Wang F, Sun T. Mysterious long noncoding RNAs and their relationships to human disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:950408. [PMID: 36406273 PMCID: PMC9666423 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.950408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly studies have shown that the formation mechanism of many human diseases is very complex, which is determined by environmental factors and genetic factors rather than fully following Mendel's genetic law of inheritance. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of endogenous non-protein coding RNA with a length greater than 200 nt, which has attracted much attention in recent years. Studies have shown that lncRNAs have a wide range of biological functions, such as roles in gene imprinting, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, senescence, cell differentiation, and stress responses, and that they regulate the life processes of mammals at various levels, such as epigenetic transcription, processing, modification, transport, translation and degradation. Analyzing the characteristics of lncRNAs and revealing their internal roles can not only deepen our understanding of human physiological and pathological processes, but also provide new ideas and solutions for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of some diseases. This article mainly reviews the biological characteristics of lncRNAs and their relationship with some diseases, so as to provide references for the related research of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yang Yang Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lifei Xiao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangwei Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Tao Sun, ; Feng Wang,
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China,*Correspondence: Tao Sun, ; Feng Wang,
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Aly SM, Omran A, Gaulier JM, Allorge D. Substance Use among Adolescents: A Retrospective Study (2017-2018) in the Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Lille, France. TOXICS 2022; 10:594. [PMID: 36287874 PMCID: PMC9611143 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research on adolescent substance use is of utmost importance. Using local toxicological data, both prevalence and pattern of substance use (SU) and substance-related death (SRD) can be assessed to design effective prevention programs. A retrospective study of toxicology investigations of all adolescents referred to the medico-legal section of the Toxicology Unit of the University Hospital of Lille, France, for a 2-year period from 2017 to 2018. In the total sample of 1961 cases, adolescents accounted for 3.3% of the cases (n = 65). Among the adolescents, 16.9% were aged 10−14 years and 83.1% were aged >14−19 years. About 69.2% were males. Less than 70% of all presented adolescents used substances. More than two-thirds (74%) of positive detections were male. Illicit substances (43%) were the most detected substance followed by alcohol (20%) and prescription substances (20%). Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was extremely common as it was found in 29% of all adolescents. Cocaine and amphetamines were detected in 13.8% of total tested adolescents. Polysubstance use was common between alcohol and THC and among males. About one-third of deaths were due to substance use. About 54% of SRD was associated with polysubstance detection. It is recommended that illicit substances, ethanol, and prescription substances are targeted for testing among adolescents in order to provide appropriate prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa M. Aly
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ahmed Omran
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Jean-Michel Gaulier
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université de Lille, URL 4483—IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Allorge
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université de Lille, URL 4483—IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000 Lille, France
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Zenbaba D, Yassin A, Abdulkadir A, Mama M. Geographical variation and correlates of substance use among married men in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062060. [PMID: 36153037 PMCID: PMC9511580 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of substances has become one of the world's most serious public health and socioeconomic issues. Most nations in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, are undergoing significant economic transitions, creating a favourable environment for socially destructive substance use. This study aimed to determine the geographical variation, prevalence and correlates of substance use among ever-married men in Ethiopia. DESIGN A community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken from 18 January 2016 to 27 June 2016. DATA SOURCE Data were used from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Data from the 2016 EDHS was used, and a total of 7793 ever-married men were involved in the analysis. The spatial autocorrelation statistic (Global Moran's I) was used to determine whether substance use was dispersed, clustered or randomly distributed. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify the correlates with substance use, and statistical significance was declared at p<0.05 and 95% CI. RESULTS Of all ever-married men, 72.5% (95% CI 71.5% to 73.4%) were currently using at least one of the three substances (alcohol, cigarettes and chat). The highest hotspot areas of substance use were observed in Ahmara and Tigray regions. The age (adjusted OR, AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.45), educational status (AOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.82), occupation (AOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.76), watching television (AOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.81) and living in the city (AOR 2.25; 95% CI to 1.36 to 3.74) were individual and community-level correlates found to have a statistically significant association with substance use. CONCLUSION In this study, nearly three-fourths of married men used one of the three substances. Given these findings, it is critical to reducing the problem by improving modifiable individual-level variables such as educational status and reducing substance advertising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demisu Zenbaba
- Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Yassin
- Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Adem Abdulkadir
- Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Sivay MV, Maksimenko LV, Osipova IP, Nefedova AA, Gashnikova MP, Zyryanova DP, Ekushov VE, Totmenin AV, Nalimova TM, Ivlev VV, Kapustin DV, Pozdnyakova LL, Skudarnov SE, Ostapova TS, Yaschenko SV, Nazarova OI, Chernov AS, Ismailova TN, Maksutov RA, Gashnikova NM. Spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV-1 CRF63_02A6 sub-epidemic. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:946787. [PMID: 36118194 PMCID: PMC9470837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.946787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 epidemic in Russia is one of the fastest growing in the world reaching 1.14 million people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) in 2021. Since mid-1990s, the HIV-1 epidemic in Russia has started to grow substantially due to the multiple HIV-1 outbreaks among persons who inject drugs (PWID) leading to expansion of the HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 (former Soviet Union (FSU) subtype A). In 2006, a local HIV-1 sub-epidemic caused by the distribution of novel genetic lineage CRF63_02A6 was identified in Siberia. In this study, we used a comprehensive dataset of CRF63_02A6 pol gene sequences to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamic of the HIV-1 CRF63_02A6 sub-epidemic. This study includes all the available CRF63_02A6 HIV-1 pol gene sequences from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) HIV Sequence Database. The HIV-1 subtypes of those sequences were conferred using phylogenetic analysis, and two automated HIV-1 subtyping tools Stanford HIVdb Program and COMET. Ancestral state reconstruction and origin date were estimated using Nextstrain. Evolutionary rate and phylodynamic analysis were estimated using BEAST v 1.10.4. CRF63_02A6 was assigned for 872 pol gene sequences using phylogenetic analysis approach. Predominant number (n = 832; 95.4%) of those sequences were from Russia; the remaining 40 (4.6%) sequences were from countries of Central Asia. Out of 872 CRF63_02A6 sequences, the corresponding genetic variant was assigned for 75.7 and 79.8% of sequences by Stanford and COMET subtyping tools, respectively. Dated phylogenetic analysis of the CRF63_02A6 sequences showed that the virus most likely originated in Novosibirsk, Russia, in 2005. Over the last two decades CRF63_02A6 has been widely distributed across Russia and has been sporadically detected in countries of Central Asia. Introduction of new genetic variant into mature sub-subtype A6 and CRF02_AGFSU epidemics could promote the increase of viral genetic diversity and emergence of new recombinant forms. Further HIV-1 studies are needed due to a continuing rapid virus distribution. Also, the implementation of HIV-1 prevention programs is required to reduce HIV-1 transmission. This study also highlights the discrepancies in HIV-1 subtyping approaches. The reference lists of HIV-1 sequences implemented in widely used HIV-1 automated subtyping tools need to be updated to provide reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya V. Sivay
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
- *Correspondence: Mariya V. Sivay, ;
| | - Lada V. Maksimenko
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Irina P. Osipova
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A. Nefedova
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Mariya P. Gashnikova
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Dariya P. Zyryanova
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Vasiliy E. Ekushov
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Alexei V. Totmenin
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Tatyana M. Nalimova
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Ivlev
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergey E. Skudarnov
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana S. Ostapova
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | - Olga I. Nazarova
- Omsk City Center of Prevention and Control of AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases, Omsk, Russia
| | - Aleksander S. Chernov
- Tomsk Regional Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana N. Ismailova
- Tomsk Regional Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Rinat A. Maksutov
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Natalya M. Gashnikova
- Department of Retroviruses, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
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Protection of the PC12 Cells by Nesfatin-1 Against Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fayaz Feyzi Y, Vahed N, Sadeghamal Nikraftar N, Arezoomandan R. Synergistic effect of combined transcranial direct current stimulation and Matrix Model on the reduction of methamphetamine craving and improvement of cognitive functioning: a randomized sham-controlled study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2022; 48:311-320. [PMID: 35404725 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.2015771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addiction is associated with decreased activity of the prefrontal networks, especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). OBJECTIVE This study examined the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over DLPFC in combination with Matrix Model psychotherapy in the alleviation of craving and cognitive improvement of participants with methamphetamine use disorder. METHODS In a randomized and sham-controlled trial, 60 male participants were assigned to Matrix psychotherapy only, sham tDCS plus Matrix, or active tDCS plus Matrix. Sixteen sessions of 20-min anodal (2 mA over F3 for targeting the left DLPFC) or sham tDCS along were administered in the outpatient setting. Pre- and post-intervention craving, executive functioning, and working memory were assessed using the Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Wechsler Memory Scale, respectively. One month following the interventions relapse was investigated by urine drug screen or interview. RESULTS In comparison with sham tDCS (n = 12) and Matrix psychotherapy only group (n = 13), the active tDCS group (n = 15) showed more reduction in craving (p<.05, η2 = .21). Auditory and visual memory (Wechsler) and true answers and false answers (WCST) significantly improved in the active tDCS group (η2 = .18, η2 = 12, η2 = 03, η2 = .02, respectively) but not in the other groups. Relapse rates did not significantly differ between groups (p = .17). A significant correlation was found between craving reduction and cognitive functioning in the active tDCS group. CONCLUSION The combination of Matrix Model psychotherapy and tDCS may an effective therapy for cognitive improvement and craving in participants with methamphetamine use disorder. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY This study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20161026030510N3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasha Fayaz Feyzi
- Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Vahed
- Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Arezoomandan
- Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moradi S, Moradi Y, Rahmani K, Nouri B, Moradi G. The association between methamphetamine use and number of sexual partners in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022; 17:27. [PMID: 35397571 PMCID: PMC8994254 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-022-00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine use in men who have sex with men population is significantly higher than that in the general population. Meth use can cause high-risk sexual behaviors, such as having sex with a variety of sexual partners. The aim of this study was to determine the association between meth use and the number of sexual partners in MSM. METHODS Searching international databases (PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Sciences, Embase (Elsevier), PsycInfo (Ovid), Cochrane CENTRAL (Ovid)) until March 2021 was performed in this meta-analysis using appropriate keywords terms to identify related articles. After retrieving articles in these databases, screening was performed based on the title, abstract and full text of the articles, and the final related studies were selected and evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa scale checklist. RESULTS The sample size consisted 18,455 people in this study, including four cohort studies with a sample size of 15,026 MSM and four case-control studies with a sample size of 3429 MSM. The results of meta-analysis showed that meth use increased the number of sexual partners in MSM (RR: 3.70; % 95 CI: 2.04-6.70). The results of subgroup analyze based on the number of sexual partners showed that in MSM taking meth, the risks of having one to three, four to five, and six or more than six sexual partners were respectively 2.82, 2.98 and 5.89 times higher than those in MSM who did not take meth. CONCLUSION The results showed that meth uses in MSM increased the number of their sexual partners. Due to the fact that increasing the number of sexual partners and high-risk sexual behaviors increase the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV, it is necessary to adopt control programs to prevent meth use by this group, or to implement programs of reduction in the risk of STIs for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Khaled Rahmani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bijan Nouri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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21
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Effects of exercise training on depression and anxiety with changing neurotransmitters in methamphetamine long term abusers: A narrative review. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: It is generally accepted that methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant which copies functions of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, and emits dopamine and serotonin in the brain. Frequent abuse of methamphetamine damages dopaminergic and serotonergic nerve endings at different sites of brain and also increases the anxiety and depression. Exercise seems to reverse physiological and neurological damages due to previous MA dependents and help to reduce anxiety and depression in this population. The aim is to determine the effect of exercise training on neurotransmitters and rate of depression and anxiety in chronic methamphetamine abusers based on a literature review.
Materials and methods: The present study investigated published articles in five computerized databases including Magiran, Google scholars, SID, PubMed and Scopus from 2011 until 2020. The searched keywords included sports, neurotransmitter, methamphetamine, depression, anxiety and treatment. The obtained results were described using texts, table and figure.
Results: According to the results, physical activity and exercise significantly increased blood serotonin and dopamine levels and significantly decreased the depression and anxiety.
Conclusion: Different evidences suggested that physical activity and exercise as positive responses and adaptations might influence on circulatory levels of two neurotransmitters (serotonin and dopamine) in methamphetamine addicts, decrease anxiety and depression, and improve preparation in previous MA dependents. In the rehabilitation period, the overall improvement in previous MA dependents might significantly increase. Exercise training can improve the physical and mental state of people addicted to methamphetamine as a non-drug therapy to promote health. However, more research is necessary to support this conclusion.
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Abdelhamid BM, Mostafa Gomaa H, Abdelgaleel AG, Hussein W, Mohamed Ali H. Prevalence of drug abusers in patients undergoing elective surgeries at the Cairo University Teaching Hospital; Prospective cohort study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/11101849.2022.2036526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bassant Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical ICU and Pain Management, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical ICU and Pain Management, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Mostafa Gomaa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical ICU and Pain Management, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira Gamal Abdelgaleel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical ICU and Pain Management, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael Hussein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical ICU and Pain Management, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed Ali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical ICU and Pain Management, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Emerging trends in point-of-care sensors for illicit drugs analysis. Talanta 2022; 238:123048. [PMID: 34801905 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of illicit narcotic drugs and fatal or criminal activities under their influence has become an utmost concern worldwide. These drugs influence an individual's feelings, perceptions, and emotions by altering the state of consciousness and thus can result in serious safety breaches at critical workplaces. Point-of-care drug-testing devices have become the need-of-the-hour for many sections such as the law enforcement agencies, the workplaces, etc. for safety and security. This review focuses on the recent progress on various electrochemical and optical nanosensors developed for the analysis of the most common illicit drugs (or their metabolites) such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cocaine (COC), opioids (OPs), amphetamines & methamphetamine, and benzodiazepine (BZDs). The paper also highlights the sensitivity and selectivity of various sensing modalities along with evolving parameters such as real-time monitoring and measurement via a smart user interface. An overall outlook of recent technological advances in point of care (POC) devices and guided insights and directions for future research is presented.
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Kwagala B, Ndugga P, Nankinga O, Wamala T, Zarugaba IT, Richard S, Misinde C, Nansubuga E, Katende D, Mbonye M. Illicit Drug Use among Commercial 'Boda Boda' Motorcyclists in Uganda. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1545-1551. [PMID: 35861665 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2096234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Illicit drug use is a global public health problem with grave health and socio-economic consequences. Related intoxication has been associated with accidental injuries and fatalities. In Uganda, 67% of road traffic accidents are attributed to motorcyclists. Methods: This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of illicit drug use among commercial motorcyclists in Uganda, using a cross-sectional survey research design. We interviewed 785 commercial motorcyclists in the divisions of Nakawa, Rubaga, Makindye, and Kawempe of Kampala district. We used an on-spot saliva drug test kit to screen and detect the presence of illicit drugs. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions, cross tabulations and multi variable logistic regression. Results: Findings show that 11% of the cyclists used illicit drugs. The use of illicit drugs was associated with division of operation, religiosity, and whether a cyclist resided with a family. The odds of use of illicit drugs were higher among cyclists from Nakawa division compared to cyclists from Kawempe. Cyclists who went to places of worship on a weekly basis compared to those who were less frequent, and cyclists who lived with their families compared to those who did not, had reduced odds of use of illicit drugs. There are variations in the distribution of cyclists that use illicit drugs in Kampala. Religious commitment and residence with families had a mitigating influence on illicit drug use among commercial cyclists. Conclusion: Illicit drug use prevention, treatment, and harm reduction programs among cyclists should collaborate with faith-based organizations and other key stakeholders, and promote stable family relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Kwagala
- Department of Population Studies, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patricia Ndugga
- Department of Population Studies, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Olivia Nankinga
- Department of Population Studies, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Ignatius Tinka Zarugaba
- Anti-narcotics Department, Directorate of Criminal Investigations, Uganda Police Force, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Cyprian Misinde
- Department of Population Studies, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth Nansubuga
- Department of Population Studies, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dan Katende
- Uganda Harm Reduction Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martin Mbonye
- Department of Population Studies, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Franz DJ, Cioffi CC. Client Characteristics Associated with Desire for Additional Services at Syringe Exchange Programs. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022; 27:604-610. [PMID: 36644655 PMCID: PMC9838586 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1967486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between client characteristics and desired services offered at syringe exchange program (SEP) sites among women who inject drugs (WWID). We investigated whether a desire for additional services varied as a function of these client characteristics. Methods A sample of 69 women who were syringe exchange clients participated in a survey about adding services to syringe exchange programs. Three Poisson regression analyses were run to examine if client age, education, housing status, polysubstance use, and previous pregnancies were associated with overall desire for services, desire for health-related services, and desire basic needs services. Results Participant characteristics of polysubstance use (IRR 1.62, 95% CI 1.34-1.96; p < .01) and greater number of previous pregnancies (IRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.22; p < .05), were predictive of a greater number of desired services. Engagement in polysubstance use was predictive of a greater number of desired basic need services (IRR 1.45, 95% CI 1.23-1.70; p < .05). Conclusions WWID desired services at SEP sites can inform policymakers to formulate policies to better promote utilization of health-related and basic need services among WWID and, in turn, facilitate improved outcomes for WWID.
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Knowledge, Attitude, and Associated Factors towards Nonpharmacological Pain Management among Nurses Working at Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia. Crit Care Res Pract 2021; 2021:7374915. [PMID: 34888102 PMCID: PMC8651302 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7374915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonpharmacological pain management refers to providing pain management intervention that does not involve the use of drugs. Effective management of a patient's pain is a vital nursing activity, and it needs a nurse's adequate pain-related knowledge and a favorable attitude. Globally, many studies stated that the lack of knowledge and unfavorable attitude of nurses towards nonpharmacological pain management was the prevailing persistent challenge. Objective To assess knowledge, attitude, and associated factors towards nonpharmacological pain management among nurses working in Amhara region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 30, 2021. A total of 845 nurses were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using a pretested self-administered structured questionnaire. Then, data were checked, coded, and entered into Epi Info version 7.0 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 software for analysis. Results A total of 775 nurses participated in this study, with a response rate of 91.8%. Of the total participants, 54.2% (95% CI: 50.6-57.9) and 49.8% (95% CI: 46.1-53.2) of nurses had adequate knowledge and a favorable attitude, respectively. The study revealed that educational status (AOR = 3.51 (95% CI: 1.37, 8.99)), years of experience (AOR = 5.59 (95% CI: 2.86, 10.94)), working unit (AOR = 5.61 (95% CI: 2.25, 13.96)), nurse-to-patient ratio (AOR = 2.33 (95% CI: 1.44, 3.78)), and working hours (AOR = 2.15 (95% CI: 1.27, 3.62)) were significantly associated. This finding also revealed that monthly income (AOR = 4.38 (95% CI: 1.64, 11.69)), nurse-to-patient ratio (AOR = 1.89 (95% CI: 1.19, 3.01)), and nurses' adequate knowledge (AOR = 4.26 (95% CI: 2.91, 6.24)) were significantly associated with the attitude of nurses. Conclusion and Recommendations. More than half and nearly half of the nurses had adequate knowledge and a favorable attitude towards nonpharmacological pain management, respectively. Educational qualification, years of experience, working unit, nurse-to-patient ratio, and prolonged working hours per day were significantly associated with nurse's adequate knowledge. Monthly income, nurse-to-patient ratio, and nurse's knowledge were significantly associated with the attitudes of nurses. It is better to give attention to reviewing the nursing curriculum, achieving a standardized nurse-to-patient ratio, recruiting additional nurses, training, and upgrading nurses with continuing education.
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Predictors of Drug Abuse Relapse for Iranian Addicted Women: An Application of Social Cognitive Theory. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Soyka M, Franke AG. Recent advances in the treatment of opioid use disorders-focus on long-acting buprenorphine formulations. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:543-552. [PMID: 34631459 PMCID: PMC8474991 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i9.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral methadone or sublingual buprenorphine are first-line medications for pharmacotherapy of opioid use disorders (OUDs). Three long-acting buprenorphine depot or implant formulations are currently available for the treatment of OUDs: (1) CAM 2038 (Buvidal) for subcutaneous weekly and monthly application; (2) RBP-6000 (Sublocade™) as a monthly depot formulation; and (3) A six-month buprenorphine implant [Probuphine™]. The pharmacology, clinical efficacy and prospects of these medications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Soyka
- Psychiatric Hospital, University of Munich, München 80336, Germany
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Higgins K, O'Neill N, O'Hara L, Jordan J, McCann M, O'Neill T, Clarke M, O'Neill T, Kelly G, Campbell A. New psychoactives within polydrug use trajectories-evidence from a mixed-method longitudinal study. Addiction 2021; 116:2454-2462. [PMID: 33506985 PMCID: PMC8638670 DOI: 10.1111/add.15422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To provide public health-related research evidence on types and usage patterns of new psychoactive substances (NPS), developmental pathways into NPS and decision-making factors for, and associated harms of, NPS use. DESIGN Three-phase mixed-methods design, including a latent class analysis (LCA) of the longitudinal Belfast Youth Development Study (BYDS), a narrative analysis of interviews with NPS users and a three-step approach manual method modelling using regressions to reveal classes of substance use and their associated predictors and outcomes. SETTING Northern Ireland. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2039 people who responded to the questions on 'ever use' of the drug variables included at wave 7 (aged 21 years) of the BYDS. Eighty-four narrative interviews with NPS users. MEASUREMENTS Categories of drug use identified by LCA. Predictors and outcomes included measures of family, partners, peers, substance use, school, delinquency and mental health. FINDINGS A four-class solution provided the best fit for the data: alcohol; alcohol and tobacco; alcohol, tobacco and cannabis; and polydrug (the latter including NPS). The qualitative analysis yielded a taxonomy that distinguished how NPS operate within a wider range of drug repertoires from experimental to problematic. CONCLUSIONS In Northern Ireland, new psychoactive substances appear to be a feature of broader polydrug use rather than a standalone class of drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Higgins
- Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social WorkQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Nina O'Neill
- Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Leeanne O'Hara
- Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social WorkQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Julie‐Ann Jordan
- IMPACT Research CentreNorthern Health and Social Care TrustAntrimUK
| | - Mark McCann
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tara O'Neill
- Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- School of PsychologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Mike Clarke
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Tony O'Neill
- Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Grace Kelly
- Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social WorkQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Anne Campbell
- Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social WorkQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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Wang Y, Zuo C, Xu Q, Hao L. Cerebellar thickness changes associated with heavy cannabis use: A 3-year longitudinal study. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12931. [PMID: 32575152 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug in the world. Cross-sectional neuroimaging studies have revealed that chronic cannabis exposure and the development of cannabis use disorders may affect cerebllar morphology. However, cross-sectional studies cannot make a conclusive distinction between causes and consequences, and there is a lack of longitudinal neuroimaging studies. In the current study, we used longitudinal neuroimaging data to explore whether persistent cannabis use and higher levels of cannabis exposure in young adults are related to cerebellar thickness alterations. Twenty heavy cannabis users (CBs) and 22 non-cannabis-using controls (HCs) completed a comprehensive psychological assessment and a T1-structural MRI scan at baseline and a 3-year follow-up. Except for lobuleVIIB, all cerebellar subregions showed significant effects of age in both the CB and HC groups. Both VI and CrusI had higher rates of increase in CBs than in HCs. In addition, we examined the relationship between changes in cerebellar thickness and cannabis use characteristics. We found that alterations in lobule VI and CrusI were related to the age at onset first cannabis use but not the age at onset frequent cannabis use. The changes in lobule VI and CrusI were associated with the CUDIT score, even when controlling for the AUDIT score. The results indicated that an increased rate of cerebellar thickness is a risk factor for heavy cannabis use in early adulthood. Cannabis use affects the cerebellar structure, and monitoring cerebellar structural alterations that could be used as biomarkers may help guide the development of clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Children's Impairment and Intervention Nanjing Normal University of Special Education Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Chenyi Zuo
- College of Educational Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Qinfang Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Children's Impairment and Intervention Nanjing Normal University of Special Education Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Lei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China
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Non-coding RNA: insights into the mechanism of methamphetamine neurotoxicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3319-3328. [PMID: 33895910 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure of the methamphetamine has been shown to lead to neurotoxicity in rodents and humans. The manifestations of methamphetamine neurotoxicity include methamphetamine use disorder, methamphetamine abuse, methamphetamine addiction and methamphetamine behavioral sensitization. Repeated use of methamphetamine can cause methamphetamine use disorder. The abuse and addiction of methamphetamine are growing epidemic worldwide. Repeated intermittent exposure to methamphetamine can cause behavioral sensitization. In addition, many studies have shown that changes in the expression of non-coding RNA in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens will affect the behavioral effects of methamphetamine. Non-coding RNA plays an important role in the behavioral effects of methamphetamine. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between methamphetamine and non-coding RNA. The purpose of this review is to study the non-coding RNA associated with methamphetamine neurotoxicity to search for the possible therapeutic target of the methamphetamine neurotoxicity.
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Nikraftar NS, Feyzi YF, Ramzani F, Nikbakht-Zadeh M, Amini M, Arezoomandan M, Shiehmorteza M, Arezoomandan R. Comparison of psychological symptoms and cognitive functions in patients under maintenance treatment with methadone or buprenorphine, current opioid users and healthy subjects. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 58:102603. [PMID: 33621923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methadone and buprenorphine can affect the psychological symptoms and cognitive functioning of substance users. This study aimed to compare psychological symptoms and neuropsychological functioning in methadone maintenance patients (MMP), buprenorphine maintenance patients (BMP), current opioid users, and healthy subjects. One hundred and twenty participants (30 in each group) matched for age, sex, and education completed the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and a battery of neuropsychological tests including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-IV), and Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) assessing executive functioning, working memory, and attention, respectively. Overall, opioid users showed more severe psychological symptoms compared to healthy subjects. MMP and BMP had intermediate scores in SCL-90-R subscales; however, BMP had fewer severe symptoms compared to the MMP group. In terms of cognitive functioning, healthy subjects and current users demonstrated the best and the worst performance, respectively. Also, BMP outperforms MMP on executive functions and attention. However, the MMP had a better performance in WMS (visual memory). Patients receiving maintenance treatment had fewer psychological symptoms and better cognitive performance compared to opioid users. BMP had a better profile in all psychological symptoms and better performance in executive functions and selective attention compared to the MMP suggesting buprenorphine may be a better choice for the treatment of opioid-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasha Fayaz Feyzi
- Student Research Committee, Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramzani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Marjan Nikbakht-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Amini
- Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arezoomandan
- School of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Maryam Shiehmorteza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Science Branche, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Arezoomandan
- Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Malagodi BM, Greguol M, Carraro A, Cavazzotto TG, Serassuelo Junior H. Effects of a multimodal physical exercise program on physical and mental health indicators in males with substance use disorder. ABCS HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.7322/abcshs.2020073.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD) is seen as a serious and growing public safety and health problem worldwide. Long-term sequelae may involve permanent damage to physical fitness, body balance, and coordination skills, with a severe motor, functional, and emotional consequences. Objective: To verify the effect of 16 sessions of a multimodal physical exercise program on physical fitness, body balance, and internalized stigma of inpatients for the treatment of Substance use disorder. Methods: Forty-three males with Substance use disorder (aged 33.9 ±12.4 years) were divided into an Intervention Group (IG, n=21) and Control Group (CG, n=22). The IG was submitted to eight weeks of training with physical exercises. Participants were submitted to the evaluation of internalized stigma, body balance, agility, and flexibility, before and after the intervention period. Results: Positive results were observed in physical fitness (agility, p=0.001) and body balance variables (center of pressure path with closed eyes, p=0.050, and ellipse area with closed eyes, p=0.031). The time of substance use correlated with lower performance in agility and body balance tests. Conclusion: The data seem to support the potential benefit of physical exercise as an adjunct in Substance use disorder rehabilitation process, particularly for physical fitness and body balance variables.
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Mohebbi E, Hadji M, Rashidian H, Rezaianzadeh A, Marzban M, Haghdoost AA, Naghibzadeh Tahami A, Moradi A, Gholipour M, Najafi F, Safari-Faramani R, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Bakhshi M, Nejatizadeh A, Mahmoudi M, Shahidsales S, Ahmadi-Simab S, Arabi Mianroodi AA, Seyyedsalehi MS, Hosseini B, Peyghambari V, Shirkhoda M, Shirkoohi R, Ebrahimi E, Manifar S, Mohagheghi MA, Rozek L, Brennan P, Poustchi H, Etemadi A, Pukkala E, Schüz J, Malekzadeh R, Weiderpass E, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Boffetta P, Kamanagar F, Zendehdel K. Opium use and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:1066-1076. [PMID: 32895947 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Scant evidence exists to support the association of opium use with head and neck cancer, limited to the larynx and oral cavity. In a multicenter case-control study-Iran Opium and Cancer study, we recruited 633 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (254 lip and oral cavity, 54 pharynx, 327 larynx and 28 other subsites within the head and neck) and 3065 frequency-matched controls from April 2016 to April 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) for opium use and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were obtained using mixed-effects logistic regression because of heterogeneity among centers. The adjusted OR (95% CI) for regular opium use was 3.76 (2.96-4.79) for all HNSCC combined. Strong dose-response effects were observed by frequency or amount of use, and duration of use. Regular opium uses significantly increased the risk of HNSCC of the pharynx, larynx and other subsites within the head and neck with OR (95% CI) of 2.90 (1.40-6.02), 6.55 (4.69-9.13) and 5.95 (2.41-14.71), respectively. The observed associations were significant even among never tobacco smokers (including cigarette and water-pipe smoking). Moreover, by the multiplicative interaction scale, the effect of opium use could be varied by cigarette smoking on HNSCC, 8.16 (6.20-10.74). For the first time, the current study showed opium users have an increased risk of several anatomic subsites of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mohebbi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Science Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hamideh Rashidian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abass Rezaianzadeh
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Marzban
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, The Persian Gulf Department of Aging Health Research, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Naghibzadeh Tahami
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Moradi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahin Gholipour
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Institute of Health, Kermanshah Medical Sciences University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roya Safari-Faramani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Bakhshi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Azim Nejatizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Ali Asghar Arabi Mianroodi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Bayan Hosseini
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Vahideh Peyghambari
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirkhoda
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Ebrahimi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Manifar
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laura Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Health Science Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Farin Kamanagar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Asadi M, Rashedi V, Khademoreza N, Seddigh R, Keshavarz-Akhlaghi AA, Ahmadkhaniha H, Rezvaniardestani SM, Lotfi A, Shalbafan M. Medication Adherence and Drug Attitude Amongst Male Patients with the Methamphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder After Discharge: A Three Months Follow Up Study. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 54:18-24. [PMID: 33594958 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1883778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Medication adherence and attitudes toward psychiatric medication affect treatment outcome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect and interaction of psychotic symptoms, sociodemographic factors, and attitudes concerning medication use with a three-month follow-up among methamphetamine-induced psychotic male patients. In this prospective, descriptive study, 42 male patients diagnosed with a methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder were selected on the last day of their admission period in Iran Psychiatry Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Each patient was evaluated using the Persian version of the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10), Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire immediately, one month and three months after discharge. There was a significant difference in MPR between the first and third months. Moreover, the frequency of patients with a positive attitude toward their medications increased over time. Indeed, all participants stated a positive attitude at the last follow-up based on the DAI-10 cutoff. Based on our findings, medication adherence of male patients with methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder should be an essential aspect of treatment after discharge from psychiatry inpatient wards, more specifically, through the first months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Asadi
- Mental Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Rashedi
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Khademoreza
- Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruohollah Seddigh
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Abbas Keshavarz-Akhlaghi
- Mental Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ahmadkhaniha
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Lotfi
- School of Applied Biosciences and Chemistry, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammadreza Shalbafan
- Mental Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Investigation on the capacity of the factors of the Clinical Dimensional Personality Inventory 2 for identifying people with substance dependence. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2021.24.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to verify the discriminant capacity of the factors of the Clinical Dimensional Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2) in the identification of people with substance dependence, as well as to compare this capacity with another instrument that evaluates pathological traits, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). The sample was composed of 253 adults distributed in three groups: community sample, represented by 110 individuals with ages between 20 and 66 years (M = 32.3; SD = 10,1), 71.8% women; subclinical, 119 individual aged from 18 to 63 (M = 30.4; SD = 8.34), 61.3% women; clinical, 24 individual with ages between 19 and 59 (M = 36,4; SD = 11.2), 83.3% men. Two scales for substance dependence identification were administered (AUDIT and ASSIST), IDCP-2, and PID-5. Findings indicated that IDCP-2 is capable of discriminating between groups, mainly the extreme ones (i.e., clinical sample versus community sample). Moreover, similar discriminant capacity between IDCP-2 and PID-5 was observed. These findings are preliminary evidence that the IDCP-2 factors can identify people with substance dependence, with Hopelessness being the leading factor in the assessment of substance dependents.
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Rajabi A, Sharafi H, Alavian SM. Harm reduction program and hepatitis C prevalence in people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran: an updated systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:12. [PMID: 33482831 PMCID: PMC7825164 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-020-00441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran is high. Since 2005, the Iranian government has implemented a harm reduction program to control HCV. We aimed to describe the prevalence of HCV antibody (Ab) in Iranian PWID before and after the implementation of harm reduction with cumulative meta-analysis. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published on the seroprevalence of HCV among PWID. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify eligible studies up to December 2018 in international and national databases. Pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Der Simonian and Laird method, taking into account conceptual heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were performed by harm reduction implementation and studies' characteristics to assess the sources of heterogeneity. We used Cochran-Armitage test for the linear trend of the prevalence of HCV Ab among PWID. RESULTS We reviewed 5966 papers and reports and extracted data from 62 eligible records. The pooled HCV Ab prevalence among PWID in Iran was 46.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 41.1-52.0%). Overall, the Cochran-Armitage test for trend indicated a significant decreasing trend of HCV Ab prevalence (P = 0.04). The cumulative meta-analysis showed a slight decline in the prevalence of HCV Ab between the years 2005 and 2018. CONCLUSIONS The HCV Ab prevalence among PWID in Iran is high, with a considerable geographical variation. The prevalence of HCV Ab among PWID in Iran slightly decreased after 2005 which could be, at least to some extent, related to the implementation of extensive harm reduction programs in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolhalim Rajabi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Environmental Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran.
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Khalili P, Ayoobi F, Mohamadi M, Jamalizadeh A, La Vecchia C, Esmaeili-Nadimi A. Effect of opium consumption on cardiovascular diseases - a cross- sectional study based on data of Rafsanjan cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:2. [PMID: 33388044 PMCID: PMC7778811 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are differences of opinion about the beneficial or detrimental effects of opium consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). So, we aimed to study the association between opium use and CVDs. METHODS We used data obtained from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS), as a part of the prospective epidemiological research studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), with detailed, validated data on opium consumption and some other exposures. A total of 10,000 adults were enrolled in the study. Logistic regression models were used to assess the possible relationships of opium consumption with the prevalence of ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS In this study, 9990 participants in the baseline phase of the Rafsanjan adult cohort study were included according to their completed questionnaire. Among all participants, 870 and 296 individuals were found to suffer from IHD and MI, respectively. Opium consumption was found to be relatively high in the RCS participants, especially in men (men = 2150 and women = 228). Opium use was associated with a higher odds of IHD and MI, with the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.51 (1.22-1.86) and 1.79 (1.31-2.45), respectively. Also, dose-response increases were observed with the highest odds ratios in the 4th quartile for MI and IHD (p-values for trend < 0.001). Increased odds were observed for the two main methods of opium consumption, i.e. oral and smoking, but oral administration had higher odds ratio. CONCLUSIONS Opium consumption is associated with the increased odds of both IHD and MI diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Khalili
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ayoobi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohamadi
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jamalizadeh
- Health System Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University degli Study di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Li M, Su H, Liao Z, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu J, Pei Y, Jin P, Xu J, Qi C. Gender Differences in Mental Health Disorder and Substance Abuse of Chinese International College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:710878. [PMID: 34484003 PMCID: PMC8415825 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.710878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The outbreak of coronavirus disease has negatively impacted college students' mental health across the world. In addition, substance abuse also is trouble among these students. This study aims to find the gender difference in Chinese international college students' mental health and substance abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: We conducted an online survey using PHQ-9, GAD-7, and several questions related to substance abuse frequency, self-injury, and suicidal thoughts, 535 male and 475 female Chinese international college students whose ages ranged from 18 to 23 years old (x = 20.19, SD = 1.50) were recruited during the epidemic. We utilized t-test and binary logistic regression in our study to find out the difference and statistical significance between substance abuse issues and mental health problems across gender. Results: Both male and female Chinese international college students had statistical significance with self-injury ideas and behaviors (t = -2.21, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the male college students with anxiety problems had positive statistical significance with medicine (OR = 3.47, 95%CI = 1.45-8.30, p < 0.01) and negative statistical significance with drinks (OR = 0.23, 95%CI = 0.08-0.65, p < 0.01). While for female college students with an anxiety problem, they had positive statistical significance with medicine (OR = 4.88, 95%CI = 1.53-15.57, p < 0.01), drugs (OR = 4.48, 95%CI = 1.41-14.25, p < 0.05) and cigarettes (OR = 6.63, 95%CI = 1.95-22.57, p < 0.01) and negative statistical significance with drinks (OR = 0.18, 95%CI = -0.05 to 0.65, p < 0.01). Conclusion: This is the first cross-sectional study focusing on the Chinese international college students' mental health and substance abuse problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that Chinese international college students' mental health and substance abuse situation has been negatively influenced during this period. In addition, the self-injury ideas and behaviors also showed a high tendency for these students. The findings of our study also highlight the need to find more interventions and preventions to solve the different mental health and substance abuse problems for college students, especially for female Chinese international college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.,Psychology Department, Denison University, Granville, OH, United States
| | - Heng Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengluan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaju Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junpeng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangliu Pei
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.,Graduated School, BengBu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Piaopiao Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
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Wubetu AD, Getachew S, Negash W. Substances use and its association with socio-demographic, family, and environment-related factors among technical and vocational education and training college students in Ataye, Ethiopia; an institution-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1691. [PMID: 33176773 PMCID: PMC7659098 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Legal substances use is prevalent in Ethiopia. Substance use can have several health problems that are potentially harmful to educational performance, social issues, psychological and physical wellbeing. This study aimed to know the prevalence of lifetime and last month’s substance use and its associated factors among technical and vocational education and training College students in Ataye town. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to last May 2019. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data collected by using a structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data collected by five trained diploma nurses with close supervision. Odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval, and p-value less than 0.05 used to declare the statistical significance of associated factors. Results Four hundred eighty-three individuals participated in the study, which was a response rate of 94%. The prevalence of lifetime legal substance use was 32.5% (95% CI: 28.2, 36.5). The prevalence of last month’s legal substances use was 21.9% (95% CI = 18.2, 25.5). Among lifetime legal substance users, the majority (25.5%) chewed khat. The others, (19.5%) drunk alcohol, and, 15.3% smoked cigarettes in a lifetime. Lifetime cannabis and cocaine users were 2.5, and 7.2% respectively. Among last month’s legal substance users, (21.9%) chewed khat followed by alcohol drinking (16.6%), and cigarette smoking (15.3%). In the last month, 1.2 and 3.3% of students used cannabis and cocaine respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that being male, having a divorced family, living greater than 20 years in the town, having substance user family members, having intimate friend substance users, and easy availability of substances were independent predictors of lifetime legal substances use. Conclusions The prevalence of last month and lifetime legal substance use at Ataye Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college students were analogous with most studies done in Ethiopia. It is advisable if the college administrators work together with town administrators to mitigate the problem including closing substance use houses around the school. Overall, Substance use among adolescents should get further emphasis to lower the prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abate Dargie Wubetu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Wassie Negash
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Bakhshaie J, Storch EA, Tran N, Zvolensky MJ. Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Cannabis Misuse: The Explanatory Role of Cannabis Use Motives. J Dual Diagn 2020; 16:409-419. [PMID: 32767907 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2020.1786616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the unique explanatory role of cannabis use motives above the effects of each other, for the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and different aspects of cannabis misuse among young adults. The transitional years of young adulthood are characterized by new opportunities for experimentation as well as novel external stressors. Collectively, this makes this developmental epoch a sensitive time for manifestations of cannabis misuse. Methods: Bivariate correlations were conducted to examine the association between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and risky cannabis use, cannabis use problems, and the average quantity of cannabis used per occasion among a young ethno-racially diverse sample of college students with the past year history of cannabis use (N = 177, 68.95% female, Mage = 21.51, SD = 4.24). Next, multiple mediation analyses were conducted to examine the unique explanatory role of cannabis use motives (e.g., enhancement, conformity, coping, social, and expansion) for the association between the obsessive-compulsive symptoms and cannabis misuse variables which showed significant correlation with these symptoms at the bivariate level. Results: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were significantly correlated with risky cannabis use (r = .19; p = .02), but not cannabis use problems or the average quantity of cannabis used per occasion. Conducting the multiple mediation for the relationship with the significant bivariate correlation, coping motives significantly explained the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and risky cannabis use (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95% Bootstrapped CI [0.003, 0.10], Completely Standardized Indirect Effects = 0.07), after controlling for the variance accounted for by problematic alcohol use and smoking status. This indirect effect was not significant after adding anxiety and depressive symptoms as covariates to the model. Conclusions: These findings are discussed in terms of the development of specialized treatments to specifically target cannabis use coping motives among individuals with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and cannabis misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Bakhshaie
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nhan Tran
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
- Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Mao K, Zhang H, Pan Y, Zhang K, Cao H, Li X, Yang Z. Nanomaterial-based aptamer sensors for analysis of illicit drugs and evaluation of drugs consumption for wastewater-based epidemiology. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 130:115975. [PMID: 32834242 PMCID: PMC7336936 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of illicit drugs usually associated with dramatic crimes may cause significant problems for the whole society. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been demonstrated to be a novel and cost-effective way to evaluate the abuse of illicit drugs at the community level, and has been used as a routine method for monitoring and played a significant role for combating the crimes in some countries, e.g. China. The method can also provide temporal and spatial variation of drugs of abuse. The detection methods mainly remain on the conventional liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, which is extremely sensitive and selective, however needs advanced facility and well-trained personals, thus limit it in the lab. As an alternative, sensors have emerged to be a powerful analytical tool for a wide spectrum of analytes, in particular aptamer sensors (aptasensors) have attracted increasing attention and could act as an efficient tool in this field due to the excellent characteristics of selectivity, sensitivity, low cost, miniaturization, easy-to-use, and automation. In this review, we will briefly introduce the context, specific assessment process and applications of WBE and the recent progress of illicit drug aptasensors, in particular focusing on optical and electrochemical sensors. We then highlight several recent aptasensors for illicit drugs in new technology integration and discuss the feasibility of these aptasensor for WBE. We will summarize the challenges and propose our insights and opportunity on aptasensor for WBE to evaluate community-wide drug use trends and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Yuwei Pan
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Kuankuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Haorui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
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Duch M, Gervilla E, Juan M, Guimarães C, Kefauver M, Elgán TH, Gripenberg J, Quigg Z. Effectiveness of a Community-Based Intervention to Increase Supermarket Vendors' Compliance with Age Restrictions for Alcohol Sales in Spain: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165991. [PMID: 32824763 PMCID: PMC7460388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Spain the legal age to buy alcohol is 18 years. However, official surveys show that minors perceive alcohol availability to be easy. This paper describes the impacts of a community-based intervention to increase vendors' compliance with age limits regarding alcohol sales in supermarkets. The aim of this study was to explore the association between implementation of a multicomponent intervention to reduce adolescents' alcohol use and sale of alcohol to minors in the city of Palma (Spain). Twenty trained adolescents (14-17 years old) conducted 138 alcohol test purchases in nine supermarket chains in August 2018 (baseline; n = 73) prior to the intervention, and again in January 2020 (follow-up; n = 65). Analysis was conducted according to three levels of intervention implemented across the supermarkets: (i) personnel from the supermarkets' Human Resources or Corporate Social Responsibility teams received alcohol service training as trainers (i.e., community mobilization); (ii) managers and vendors training by the capacitated trainers; and (iii) no training of managers or vendors (i.e., control group). In the supermarkets that completed the Training of Trainers and the vendors' training program, average sales decreased significantly from 76.9% in 2018 to 45.5% in 2020, asking for the age of the shopper significantly increased from 3.8% to 45.4%, and asking for proof of age significantly increased from 15.4% to 72.7%. Additionally, a statistically significant increase was observed in the visibility of prohibition to sell alcohol to minors' signs, from 61.5% to 100%. No statistically significant differences were found for the Training of Trainers intervention alone nor in the control group. In conclusion, community mobilization combined with staff training is associated with significant increases in supermarket vendors' compliance with alcohol legislation in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariàngels Duch
- European Institute of Studies on Prevention, Rambla, 15 (2º-3º), 07003 Palma, Spain; (M.D.); (M.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Elena Gervilla
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-259-630
| | - Montse Juan
- European Institute of Studies on Prevention, Rambla, 15 (2º-3º), 07003 Palma, Spain; (M.D.); (M.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Clarisse Guimarães
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain;
| | - Maite Kefauver
- European Institute of Studies on Prevention, Rambla, 15 (2º-3º), 07003 Palma, Spain; (M.D.); (M.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Tobias H. Elgán
- STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.H.E.); (J.G.)
| | - Johanna Gripenberg
- STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.H.E.); (J.G.)
| | - Zara Quigg
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK;
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AKÇAY BÜLENTDEVRIM, AKÇAY DUYGU. What are the factors that contribute to aggression in patients with co-occurring antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse? ARCH CLIN PSYCHIAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wang S, Zhang C, Chen W, Ren L, Ling J, Shang Y, Guo Y. Effects of Methamphetamine on the Development and Its Determination in Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:691-696. [PMID: 31819957 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Age determination of necrophagous flies serves as an important tool for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation in forensic investigations. Drugs or toxins in cadavers may alter the developmental time of larvae, and lead to deviation in PMI estimation. Methamphetamine (MA), as one of the most abused psychostimulant drugs in Asia and North America, is often involved in forensic entomotoxicological cases. This study investigated the effects of MA (0, 45, 90, and 180 ng/mg) on the developmental rate, morphology, and survival of Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich, 1930). The results showed that 1) the developmental time to reach the pupal instar was statistically slower for the larvae reared on rabbit mince containing MA than for the control; 2) the mean length of the larvae exposed to MA concentrations was longer than those of the control; 3) the mean weight of the pupae exposed to the highest concentration of MA was significantly lighter than those of the control; 4) the GC-MS method can detect the content of MA in A. grahami immatures and empty puparia (EP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Ling
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjie Shang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Pallari E, Soukup T, Kyriacou A, Lewison G. Assessing the European impact of alcohol misuse and illicit drug dependence research: clinical practice guidelines and evidence-base policy. EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH 2020; 23:67-76. [PMID: 32229480 PMCID: PMC10231490 DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2019-300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite alcohol and illicit drug dependence being one of the most common diagnoses in Europe, there is heterogeneity of research evidence used in policy and practice. OBJECTIVE We sought to (1) evaluate European research outputs on alcohol misuse and drug addiction in 2002-2018 in the Web of Science, (2) compare these with their burden of disease and (3) determine their impact in several ways. METHODS A bibliometric research was undertaken including an assessment of the citation counts, the influence of research on members of national health advisory committees, and their contribution to the evidence base of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). FINDINGS There were 3201 analysed references cited in 28 CPGs across 11 European Countries on alcohol misuse and illicit drug abuse. Research conducted in the USA dominated both sets of CPGs, while many European countries were overcited relative to their research presence. The illicit drug research appeared to be adequate relative to the evidence of harm in Europe. However, alcohol misuse research appeared grossly inadequate to the harm it causes by a factor of 20. CONCLUSIONS The volume of research on illicit drug addiction is commensurate to the European burden, whereas alcohol misuse is far below what is needed to curb a significant source of harm. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The research asymmetries call for attention to the causes of the problem. Development of research-based solutions to a serious social harm is needed, including minimum pricing and collaborative work to harmonise efforts on disease management and treatment practices across European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pallari
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tayana Soukup
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andri Kyriacou
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Olashore AA, Opondo PR, Ogunjumo JA, Ayugi JO. Cannabis Use Disorder Among First-Year Undergraduate Students in Gaborone, Botswana. Subst Abuse 2020; 14:1178221820904136. [PMID: 32214818 PMCID: PMC7065277 DOI: 10.1177/1178221820904136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) poses major clinical and public health concerns globally. It is a growing problem among the youth in Botswana, yet little research has been done on this subject. The present study hoped to address this gap in knowledge by determining the prevalence and associated factors of CUD among first-year university students in Botswana. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 first-year university undergraduates, using a modified version of the 37-item World Health Organization (WHO) drug questionnaire and DSM-5 criteria for CUD. The mean age of the respondents was 20.8 (SD = 1.5) years, and the male to female ratio was 1:1.1. Of the 401 students whose responses were analyzed, 37(9,2%) had used cannabis at least once in the last 12 months, but only 19 (4.7%) met the DSM-5 criteria for CUD. After binary regression analysis, difficulty in coping with the new environment/academic activities, receiving more than 150 USD monthly were positively associated with CUD, while regular participation in religious activities was negatively associated. CUD was found among the first-year undergraduates studied. Promoting protective activities such as religious activities and strengthening programs that teach students how to cope with academic stress and a new environment would be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Olashore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana medical school, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Philip R Opondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana medical school, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - John A Ogunjumo
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - James O Ayugi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana medical school, Gaborone, Botswana
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Hernández-Álvarez DM, Pacheco L, Velasco-Segura R, Pérez de la Mora M, Tejeda-Romero C, González-García N. Default Mode Network Efficiency Is Correlated With Deficits in Inhibition in Adolescents With Inhalant Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:209. [PMID: 32273856 PMCID: PMC7113382 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that alterations in cognitive function and damage to brain structures are often found in adolescents who have substance use disorder (SUD). However, deficits in executive cognitive functioning in adolescents related to the vulnerability and consumption of such substances are not well known. In this study, we use graph theoretic analysis to compare the network efficiency in the resting state for three networks-default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and fronto-parietal network (FPN)-between inhalant-consuming adolescents and a control group (12 to 17 years old). We analyzed whether the efficiency of these functional networks was related to working memory, mental flexibility, inhibition of response, and sequential planning. We found that, when compared to the control group, inhalant-consuming adolescents presented with important deficits in communication among brain regions that comprise the DMN, SN, and FPN networks. DMN is the most affected network by inhalant abuse during adolescence. The mediation analyses suggested that the relationship between inhalant abuse and inhibitory control and sequential planning was partly mediated by DMN efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailett M Hernández-Álvarez
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucero Pacheco
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Velasco-Segura
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Pérez de la Mora
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Nadia González-García
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mao K, Ma J, Li X, Yang Z. Rapid duplexed detection of illicit drugs in wastewater using gold nanoparticle conjugated aptamer sensors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:771-779. [PMID: 31255815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of illicit drug addiction is a worldwide public health and social problem. In this paper, we reported on a simple and rapid colorimetric biosensor for duplexed detection of methamphetamine (METH) and cocaine in a single assay. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Au@Ag NPs were synthesized and functionalized with DNA reporter probes (RPs) for METH and cocaine, respectively. The magnetic beads (MBs) were conjugated with two capture probes (CPs) respective to METH and cocaine. The respective RPs and CPs were designed to hybridize with each illicit drug-binding DNA aptamers through DNA-DNA hybridization, forming a sandwich structure. This MBs-based sandwich structure could be removed with an external magnetic field. However, due to the higher affinity of DNA aptamers with illicit drugs, the sandwich structure was disassembled when illicit drugs are introduced into the solution, leading to the colour changes of the supernatant. Utilizing a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm to process the data, we demonstrated the ability of our biosensor for the simultaneous quantification of two illicit drugs. Under the optimal condition, our sensors were able to detect both METH and cocaine at the nM level with a wide dynamic range. This sensing platform provides a huge potential on drug consumption evaluation at the community level for wastewater-based epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Mao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Guangzhou Huali Science and Technology Vocational College, Guangzhou 511325, China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Environment and Energy, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
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Orhurhu V, Olusunmade M, Urits I, Viswanath O, Peck J, Orhurhu MS, Adekoya P, Hirji S, Sampson J, Simopoulos T, Jatinder G. Trends of Opioid Use Disorder Among Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Pain. Pain Pract 2019; 19:656-663. [PMID: 31077526 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic pain treated with opioids are at an increased risk for opioid misuse or opioid use disorder (OUD). Recent years have seen a stark increase in abuse, misuse, and diversion of prescription opioid medications. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in changing rates of opioid use disorder among patients with chronic pain. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database identified chronic pain admissions with OUD from 2011 to 2015. Patients were identified from the NIS database using International Classification of Diseases (9th and 10th revisions) diagnosis codes for chronic pain and OUD. Annual estimates and trends were determined for OUD, patient characteristics, OUD among subgroups of chronic pain conditions, and discharge diagnosis. RESULTS We identified 10.3 million patients with chronic pain. Of these, 680,631 patients were diagnosed with OUD. The number of patients with OUD increased from 109,222 in 2011 to 172,680 in 2015 (P < 0.001). Similarly, there were upward trends of OUD among females (53.2% to 54.5%; P = 0.09), patients 65 to 84 years of age (11.8% to 17%; P < 0.001), Medicare-insured patients (39.5% to 46.0%; P < 0.01), patients with low annual household incomes (27.8% to 33.3%; P < 0.001), and patients with cannabinoid use disorder (7.2% to 8.3%; P = 0.01). The prevalence of OUD increased from 2011 to 2015 in patients with chronic regional pain syndrome (5.53% to 7.46%; P = 0.01) and spondylosis (1.32% to 1.81%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the prevalence of OUD increased substantially from 2011 to 2015. Disparities of OUD with increasing opioid use among vulnerable populations including women, those with Medicare insurance, tobacco use disorder, and low annual income should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vwaire Orhurhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Mayowa Olusunmade
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.,Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Jacquelin Peck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mt. Sinai Medical Center of Florida, Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Mariam Salisu Orhurhu
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Peju Adekoya
- Pain Division, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Sameer Hirji
- Departments of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - John Sampson
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Simopoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Gill Jatinder
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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