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Zhou Y, Miao XM, Zhou KL, Yu CJ, Lu P, Lu Y, Zhao J. Effects of exercise-cognitive dual-task training on elderly patients with cognitive frailty and depression. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15:103827. [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i4.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive frailty and depression are prevalent among the elderly, significantly impairing physical and cognitive functions, psychological well-being, and quality of life. Effective interventions are essential to mitigate these adverse effects and enhance overall health outcomes in this population.
AIM To evaluate the effects of exercise-cognitive dual-task training on frailty, cognitive function, psychological status, and quality of life in elderly patients with cognitive frailty and depression.
METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 130 patients with cognitive frailty and depression admitted between December 2021 and December 2023. Patients were divided into a control group receiving routine intervention and an observation group undergoing exercise-cognitive dual-task training in addition to routine care. Frailty, cognitive function, balance and gait, psychological status, and quality of life were assessed before and after the intervention.
RESULTS After the intervention, the frailty score of the observation group was (5.32 ± 0.69), lower than that of the control group (5.71 ± 0.55). The Montreal cognitive assessment basic scale score in the observation group was (24.06 ± 0.99), higher than the control group (23.43 ± 1.40). The performance oriented mobility assessment score in the observation group was (21.81 ± 1.24), higher than the control group (21.15 ± 1.26). The self-efficacy in the observation group was (28.27 ± 2.66), higher than the control group (30.05 ± 2.66). The anxiety score in the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) for the observation group was (5.86 ± 0.68), lower than the control group (6.21 ± 0.64). The depression score in the HADS for the observation group was (5.67 ± 0.75), lower than the control group (6.27 ± 0.92). Additionally, the scores for each dimension of the 36-item short form survey in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Exercise-cognitive dual-task training is beneficial for improving frailty, enhancing cognitive function, and improving psychological status and quality of life in elderly patients with cognitive frailty and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Miao
- Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Center, Tongxiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongxiang 314599, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai-Lian Zhou
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314299, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cheng-Ji Yu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Tongxiang Health School, Tongxiang 314599, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Peng H, Yao N, Song YP, Huang L, Chen HB, Jiang Y, Chen QG. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome: A review of fall risk assessment and management strategies. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15:101800. [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i4.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 11/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
The aging global population is driving an increase in dementia, making the early identification of at-risk individuals crucial. Studies have shown that elderly people often exhibit a slowing gait before dementia diagnosis, which is linked to cognitive decline and predicts dementia risk. With 30% of those over 65 years of age experiencing falls annually, managing fall risk is essential. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), characterized by subjective memory impairment and slow gait, is a pre-dementia condition that can identify high-risk individuals without extensive evaluation. The prevalence of MCR varies globally and is associated with an increased risk of falls, disability, and death. Early screening and intervention for MCR can delay dementia and improve fall regulation, offering a new perspective on elderly health management. This review synthesizes the current understanding of MCR-related falls, evaluates risk assessment methods, and discusses health strategies to provide a theoretical basis for fall prevention in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- College of Physical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Na Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yan-Ping Song
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hong-Bo Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- College of Physical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qi-Gang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China
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Spencer FSE, Elsworthy RJ, Breen L, Bishop JRB, Dunleavy C, Aldred S. The effect of the APOE4 genotype on physiological and cognitive health in randomised controlled trials with an exercise intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trials 2025; 26:20. [PMID: 39828710 PMCID: PMC11744846 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is caused by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Randomised controlled trials have investigated whether the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, APOE4, impacts the effectiveness of exercise on health. Systematic reviews are yet to evaluate the effect of exercise on physical and cognitive outcomes in APOE genotyped participants. A quality assessment of these randomised controlled trials is needed to understand the impact genotype has on the potential success of intervention. This systematic review aimed to determine if the APOE4 genotype influences the effectiveness of exercise-based randomised controlled trials. METHOD Searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO identified eligible exercise based randomised controlled trials incorporating participants with varied cognitive abilities. Quality assessments were conducted. RESULTS Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review, and 3 for the meta-analysis. Very low to moderate quality evidence showed that APOE4 carriers benefitted more than APOE4 non-carriers on cognitive (e.g. executive function, learning) and physical (e.g. relative telomere length) outcomes after exercise; and that APOE4 non-carriers benefited over carriers for physical (serum BDNF, gait speed) and cognitive (global cognition, verbal memory) markers. Very low quality evidence indicated that there was no evidence of difference between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers on physical function outcomes in meta-analysis. Several areas of study design and reporting, including maintenance of relative exercise intensity and complete statistical reporting, were identified as needing improvement. DISCUSSION This systematic review found very limited evidence to suggest that exercise interventions can benefit APOE4 carriers and non-carriers equally, though conclusions were limited by evidence quality. Further randomised controlled trials, stratifying participants by APOE status are required to better understand the relationship between APOE genotype and the effect of exercise on health-related outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023436842). Registered on June 16, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity S E Spencer
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Richard J Elsworthy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jon R B Bishop
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, Public Health Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Connor Dunleavy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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López-González ÁA, Martínez-Almoyna Rifá E, Paublini Oliveira H, Martorell Sánchez C, Tárraga López PJ, Ramírez-Manent JI. Association between sociodemographic variables, healthy habits and stress with diabesity. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2025:500754. [PMID: 39824668 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.500754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/20/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabesity is a pathological condition that combines obesity and type 2 diabetes in the same individual. Due to the current rise in both conditions, the prevalence of diabesity is increasing worldwide. Its etiology is known to be multifactorial; therefore, the aim of this study is to understand how diabesity is associated with various sociodemographic variables, healthy habits, and stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 24,224 Spanish workers to evaluate the association between diabesity and various factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and stress. The criteria used to define diabesity included body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), and visceral fat (VF). RESULTS All the aforementioned variables were found to be associated with diabesity. The highest odds ratios (OR) were observed for age, with values ranging from 5.57 (95% CI: 4.48-6.67) when BF was used as the diabesity criterion to 6.89 (95% CI: 5.60-8.19) when VF was the criterion. Similarly, elevated ORs were observed for male gender, with ORs of 6.77 (95% CI: 5.31-8.24) for VF and 3.34 (95% CI: 2.77-3.94) for BF. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the profile of a person at highest risk of diabesity is a man over 50 years old from a lower socioeconomic status, who is a smoker, regular alcohol consumer, sedentary, with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and experiencing high stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Arturo López-González
- Grupo ADEMA-Salud, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Islas Baleares, España; Facultad de Odontología, Escuela Universitaria ADEMA-UIB, Palma, Islas Baleares, España; Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares, Islas Baleares, España
| | - Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá
- Grupo ADEMA-Salud, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Islas Baleares, España; Facultad de Odontología, Escuela Universitaria ADEMA-UIB, Palma, Islas Baleares, España
| | - Hernán Paublini Oliveira
- Grupo ADEMA-Salud, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Islas Baleares, España; Facultad de Odontología, Escuela Universitaria ADEMA-UIB, Palma, Islas Baleares, España
| | - Cristina Martorell Sánchez
- Grupo ADEMA-Salud, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Islas Baleares, España; Facultad de Odontología, Escuela Universitaria ADEMA-UIB, Palma, Islas Baleares, España
| | - Pedro Juan Tárraga López
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, España; IDISCAM, Instituto de Investigación de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, España.
| | - José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent
- Grupo ADEMA-Salud, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Islas Baleares, España; Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares, Islas Baleares, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Islas Baleares, España
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Wei J, Zeng Q, Liu M. Joint association of physical activity and the geriatric nutritional risk index with survival outcomes among cancer survivors in the United States: a population-based cohort study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1483507. [PMID: 39807216 PMCID: PMC11725468 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1483507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between physical activity (PA) and nutritional status on the prognosis of cancer survivors remains underexplored. We aimed to investigate the combined effects of PA and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) on prognostic assessment of survival outcomes in US cancer survivors. Methods 2,619 subjects were screened from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 1999 to 2018. The self-reported Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) for PA assessment, and the GNRI for nutritional status assessment. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves and Cox proportional risk models were used to evaluate the effect of PA combined with GNRI on the prognostic outcomes of death in cancer survivors. Results The sufficient PA (≥600 MET min/week) combined with High-GNRI (>98) subgroups significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.90) and cancer-related mortality (HR: 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12-0.50) compared to other subgroups. Subgroup analyses indicated that the combination of sufficient PA and High-GNRI was associated with a significantly reduced all-cause and cancer-related mortality among specific groups-including individuals of female, patients with non-obesity-related cancers, and those with higher educational attainment. After excluding participants who died within the first 12 months of follow-up, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the association between PA and GNRI in predicting prognostic outcomes among cancer survivors. Conclusion Our study shows that among U.S. cancer survivors, sufficient PA combined with High-GNRI is linked to reduced mortality. These findings emphasize the benefits of PA and nutritional status in improving prognosis and support the need for further studies to develop targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyue Zeng
- General Practice Ward, International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Fang X, Deng M, Zhang W, Wang L, Wang H, Xu P, Luo Y, Yao G. The bidirectional association between self-perceptions of aging and frailty: the mediating role of subjective cognitive decline. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:985. [PMID: 39623338 PMCID: PMC11610300 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the global population aging rapidly, understanding the factors influencing health outcomes in older adults is crucial. This study explores the longitudinal causal relationship between self-perceptions of aging and frailty and examines whether subjective cognitive decline mediated the associations. METHODS The Brief-Aging Perceptions Questionnaire(B-APQ), the Frailty Phenotype Assessment Scale, and the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire were used to survey 619 community-dwelling older adults in Xinxiang, Henan, China, from March to October 2021 and from March to October 2023, respectively. A cross-lagged model was employed to analyze the potential mediating roles of subjective cognitive decline, controlling for confounders including age, gender, income, employment status, and education. RESULTS (1) The cross-lagged model analysis revealed a bidirectional causal relationship between self-perceptions of aging and frailty (P < 0.001), with the effect of T1 self-perceptions of aging on T2 frailty (β = 0.109, SE = 0.038, P < 0.01) and the reverse effect (β = 0.129, SE = 0.041, P < 0.01). Further comparisons of the path coefficients indicated that the effect sizes of the two paths showed no statistical difference (χ2 = 0.119, P > 0.05). (2) The longitudinal mediation analysis indicated that T1 self-perceptions of aging had an indirect effect on T2 frailty through subjective cognitive decline (indirect effect = 0.011). Concurrently, T1 frailty also indirectly influenced T2 self-perceptions of aging via subjective cognitive decline (indirect effect = 0.010), with all effects demonstrating statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a bidirectional causal relationship between self-perceptions of aging and frailty, with subjective cognitive decline identified as a mediating mechanism. These findings provide important guidance for future efforts aimed at reducing frailty rates among older adults in community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Fang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Minghui Deng
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Hejie Wang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Pengkai Xu
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yanyan Luo
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Chronic Disease Basic Research and Intelligent Care, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Guiying Yao
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Chronic Disease Basic Research and Intelligent Care, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
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Kang SJ. Regular physical activity and high educational attainment positively affect cognitive function among older adults. J Exerc Rehabil 2024; 20:235-239. [PMID: 39781506 PMCID: PMC11704709 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2448644.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Although educational attainment and physical activity tend to determine cognitive function among older adults, studies have shown inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine how physical activity and educational attainment relate to the cognitive function of older adults. Educational attainment was determined based on the total number of years of education received from formal educational institutions. All participants were classified as active or sedentary according to the Stanford Brief Activity Survey. Thereon, the participants were divided into four groups based on educational attainment and physical activity levels: the low education-sedentary (LESG; n=29, 74.06±5.39 years), low education-active (LEAG; n=34, 73.97±4.74 years), high education-sedentary (HESG; n=26, 74.34±5.17 years), and high education-active groups (HEAG; n=26, 74.11±4.53 years). Four domains of cognitive function were assessed using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery: attention, visuospatial function, memory, and frontal/executive function. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate differences in cognitive function between the four groups, setting the low education-sedentary group as the reference. Among the domain of cognitive function, attention differed significantly in the LESG from that in the HESG and HEAG. Educational attainment and physical activity levels influence cognitive function. A greater number of early-life educational experiences and regular physical activity in old age enhanced the cognitive function of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Jung Kang
- Sports and Healthcare Major, College of Culture and Arts, Sangmyung University, Seoul,
Korea
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Cui T, Yu P, Feng X, Song Q, Yang D, Li M, Feng L. Elucidation of the inhibitory effects of Jiedu Yizhi formula on neuronal apoptosis in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 40:38. [PMID: 39576427 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of Jiedu Yizhi formula (JDYZF) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through network pharmacology, molecular docking technology, and in vivo experiments. METHOD The main active ingredients of seven herbs in the Chinese Medicine compound JDYZF were identified by searching the TCMSP database, PubChem database, CNKI, and other sources. Disease targets of AD were obtained from databases such as OMIM, TDD, DisGeNET, and DrugBank. A protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING platform, and core targets were identified through topological analysis using Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the relevant targets were performed using the Metascape database. The main active ingredients of JDYZF and potential core targets were identified based on degree values. Molecular docking technology was used to verify the interactions between the main active ingredients and potential core targets. Furthermore, water maze tests and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of brain and liver tissues were performed to evaluate the effects of JDYZF on cognitive dysfunction in AD mice and neuronal damage in hippocampal brain tissue and to assess drug toxicity. PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 and to investigate the effect of JDYZF on hippocampal apoptosis in AD mice. Results. One hundred twelve core PPI target proteins, including CASP3, TP53, and VEGFA, were found between JDYZF and AD. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of the MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and so on. Water maze tests revealed that the high-dose JDYZF treatment significantly improved the escape latency of AD model mice. The HE staining results showed that JDYZF exerted a protective effect on neuronal damage in the hippocampus of AD mice. JDYZF could upregulate the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 while downregulating the expression of the proapoptotic factors Bax and caspase-3. Conclusion. JDYZF can improve the cognitive function of AD mice by suppressing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaotong Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Multi-Targets Intervention and Disease Control, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qile Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Multi-Targets Intervention and Disease Control, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Deyan Yang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, 250017, Shandong, China.
| | - Mingquan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Lina Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Multi-Targets Intervention and Disease Control, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China.
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Hao Z, Zhang X, Wang Y. Evidence of the Long-Term Protective Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: A Predictive Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1343. [PMID: 39459642 PMCID: PMC11509916 DOI: 10.3390/life14101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of different intensities of physical activity (PA) on cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly individuals, and to predict future trends in cognitive ability using longitudinal data to assess the long-term role of PA in cognitive preservation. METHODS Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were utilized. Mixed-effects models were employed to analyze the impacts of low-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), and vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) on overall cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness. Random forest and XGBoost machine learning methods were employed to further validate the effects of PA. ARIMA models predicted future cognitive trends under the influence of PA. RESULTS MPA demonstrated significant advantages in preserving cognitive function, particularly in overall cognition and episodic memory. While LPA had some protective effects, they were less significant than those of MPA, and VPA did not show advantages. Machine learning methods confirmed these findings. ARIMA model predictions indicated that the protective effects of MPA on cognitive function are likely to persist in the future. CONCLUSIONS Moderate-intensity physical activity is associated with the preservation of cognitive ability in middle-aged and elderly individuals and may continue to provide this benefit in the future; however, further in-depth research is needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Hao
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266005, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Moscow State University of Sport and Tourism, Kirovogradskaya Street, 21, Moscow 117519, Russia
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Niu J, Li Y, Zhou Q, Liu X, Yu P, Gao F, Gao X, Wang Q. The association between physical activity and delayed neurocognitive recovery in elderly patients: a mediation analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:192. [PMID: 39259352 PMCID: PMC11390811 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) can result in unfavorable outcomes in elderly surgical patients. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to improve cognitive function, potentially by reducing systemic inflammatory responses. However, there is a lack of supportive data indicating whether PA has a protective effect against dNCR. AIMS To examine the correlation between dNCR and PA, and to further analyze if pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate this relationship. METHODS This study is a prospective nested case-control investigation of elderly patients who had knee replacement surgery. dNCR was defined as a decline in cognitive function compared with baseline by using a battery of neuropsychological tests. PA was assessed with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between PA and dNCR. Mediation analysis was employed to evaluate whether pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate the relationship between them. RESULTS A cohort of 152 patients was included, resulting in an incidence rate of dNCR of 23.68%. PA was associated with dNCR after full adjustment [OR = 0.199, (95% CI, 0.061; 0.649), P = 0.007]. Mediation analysis showed that the IL-6 mediated the statistical association between PA and dNCR, with mediation proportions (%) of 77.68 (postoperative concentration of IL-6) or 27.58 (the absolute change in IL-6 before and after surgery). CONCLUSIONS PA serves as a protective factor against dNCR, possibly through the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations. THE CHINESE CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRY: : www.http://chictr.org.cn , Registration No. ChiCTR2300070834, Registration date: April 24, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peixia Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
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11
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Xu Q, Fan Y, Zhu J, Wang X. The effect of different exercise on physical fitness, cognition, and mental health in healthy older adults. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36510. [PMID: 39253255 PMCID: PMC11382082 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of different exercise programs on physical fitness, cognition, and mental health in healthy older adults. Methods A randomized controlled study was performed with 89 healthy older adults. They were separated into four groups: the control (Con; n = 20), physical activity (PA; n = 23), cognitive training (CT; n = 23), and physical activity coupled with cognitive training groups (PA + CT; n = 23). The subjects in PA, CT, and PA + CT groups received exercise programs that lasted 40 min daily, conducted at least three days a week for 20 weeks. The PA group received regular aerobic physical activity interventions, the CT group received cognitive training interventions, and the PA + CT group received physical activity combined with cognitive training interventions. Physical fitness (by chair stand, biceps curl, 2-min step, 8-step up and walk, and sit and reach tests), cognitive function (attention, simple reaction time, and spatial memory), and mental health (anxiety and depression status) were evaluated before and after 20 weeks. Results The body composition results reveal no significant effects among the four groups after 20 weeks before and after aerobic exercise interventions (p > 0.05). Compared with Con, the PA, CT, and PA + CT groups significantly improved physical fitness parameters (p < 0.05). The post-hoc analysis demonstrated that the PA and PA + CT groups had higher fitness levels than the CT group. Similarly, a significant difference was observed in the cognitive index among the four groups (p < 0.05). As determined by post-hoc analysis, attention and simple reaction time differed sequentially between the Con, PA, CT, and PA + CT groups. The spatial memory was superior in the PA, CT, and PA + CT groups compared to the Con group (p < 0.05), with the PA + CT group exhibiting the highest level of performance. However, there was no significant difference in the mental health parameters among all the groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion A 20-week intervention involving different exercise methods can enhance physical fitness, cognition, and mental health in older adults. These methods include physical activity, cognitive training, and a combination of physical and cognitive training. The combined physical activity and cognitive training interventions yielded more favorable outcomes than individual physical or cognitive training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Xu
- Department of Physical Education, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin North Road, Songjiang District, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhao Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, 46 East Jianshe Road, Muye District, 453007, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jianghua Zhu
- Department of Physical Education, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin North Road, Songjiang District, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399, Changhai Road, 200438, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
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12
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Beyer JL, Dix E, Husain-Krautter S, Kyomen HH. Enhancing Brain Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: Innovations in Lifestyle Interventions. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:405-412. [PMID: 38842654 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article will provide clinicians with guidance on helping older adult patients make lifestyle changes to enhance brain health and well-being. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence suggests that physical activity might be helpful in improving cognitive functioning. The data on the benefits of cognitive activity is inconsistent and not as robust. The MediDiet, DASH, and MIND diets have been associated with better cognitive health. Sleep hygiene and cognitive behavioral therapies are considered first line evidence-based treatments for insomnia and the maintenance of healthy sleep patterns. Mindfulness based interventions have been shown to reduce anxiety, depression, and stress, and can help some older adults manage pain more constructively. Evidence-based information regarding the four topics of exercise, nutrition, sleep, and mindfulness is reviewed, so that clinicians may be better able to optimize care for their older adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Beyer
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ebony Dix
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Helen H Kyomen
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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13
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de Maio Nascimento M, Ihle A, Gouveia ÉR, Marques A. Dynamic associations between frailty and cognition over 4 years: A population-based study on adults aged ≥50 from 12 European countries. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:536-543. [PMID: 38484888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed (1) to investigate autoregressive and cross-lagged associations between frailty and cognition over 4 years in a large sample of European citizens aged ≥50 years, (2) to examine the 4-year temporal associations' differences between sex and between active and inactive physical behaviour, and (3) to explore in the years 2011, 2013, and 2015 associations between cognitive performance and the pre-frailty and frailty conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This longitudinal analysis was conducted with 20,857 individuals (11,540 women) from 12 countries aged ≥50 years who responded to waves 4, 5, and 6 of the SHARE project. The variables analysed were frailty (SHARE-FI) and a general cognition index (Cogindex) calculated for each wave from verbal fluency, immediate recall, and delayed recall. RESULTS A greater propensity for cognitive impairment was found in women, as well as in pre-frail and frail individuals. There were no significant differences between the sexes for the autoregressive effect of frailty and Cogindex over 4 years. On the other hand, sedentary and active individuals differed in frailty between Time 1-2. Cross-lagged analyses indicated a significant difference for the sexes between frailty and Cogindex Time 1-3 and between Cogindex and frailty of Time 2-3. Sedentary and active differed significantly in the path of frailty on Cogindex between Time 2-3. CONCLUSION Health policies should increase surveillance of frailty, cognition, and level of physical activity in the older European population, with a special focus on women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Laboratory for Robotics and Engineering System (LARSYS), Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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14
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Iso-Markku P, Aaltonen S, Kujala UM, Halme HL, Phipps D, Knittle K, Vuoksimaa E, Waller K. Physical Activity and Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2354285. [PMID: 38300618 PMCID: PMC10835510 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Physical activity is associated with the risk for cognitive decline, but much of the evidence in this domain comes from studies with short follow-ups, which is prone to reverse causation bias. Objective To examine how length of follow-up, baseline age, physical activity amount, and study quality modify the longitudinal associations of physical activity with cognition. Data Sources Observational studies of adults with a prospective follow-up of at least 1 year, a valid baseline cognitive measure or midlife cohort, and an estimate of the association of baseline physical activity and follow-up cognition were sought from PsycInfo, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed, with the final search conducted on November 2, 2022. Study Selection Two independent researchers screened titles with abstracts and full-text reports. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently assessed study quality and extracted data. Pooled estimates of association were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses. An extensive set of moderators, funnel plots, and scatter plots of physical activity amount were examined. This study is reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Main Outcomes and Measures Pooled estimates of the associations between physical activity and global cognition, as well as specific cognitive domains, were examined. Results A total of 104 studies with 341 471 participants were assessed. Analysis of binary outcomes included 45 studies with 102 452 individuals, analysis of follow-up global cognition included 14 studies with 41 045 individuals, and analysis of change in global cognition included 25 studies with 67 463 individuals. Physical activity was associated with a decreased incidence of cognitive impairment or decline after correction for funnel plot asymmetry (pooled risk ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99), but there was no significant association in follow-ups longer than 10 years. Physical activity was associated with follow-up global cognition (standardized regression coefficient, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.03) and change in global cognition (standardized regression coefficient, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.02) from trim-and-fill analyses, with no clear dose-response or moderation by follow-up length, baseline age, study quality or adjustment for baseline cognition. The specific cognitive domains associated with physical activity were episodic memory (standardized regression coefficient, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.04) and verbal fluency (standardized regression coefficient, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.03-0.08). Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis of the association of physical activity with cognitive decline, physical activity was associated with better late-life cognition, but the association was weak. However, even a weak association is important from a population health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Iso-Markku
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Diagnostic Center, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanna-Leena Halme
- Helsinki University Hospital Diagnostic Center, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Phipps
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Keegan Knittle
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Waller
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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15
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Wall J, Xie H, Wang X. Temporal Interactions between Maintenance of Cerebral Cortex Thickness and Physical Activity from an Individual Person Micro-Longitudinal Perspective and Implications for Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38392561 PMCID: PMC10890462 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of brain structure is essential for neurocognitive health. Precision medicine has interests in understanding how maintenance of an individual person's brain, including cerebral cortical structure, interacts with lifestyle factors like physical activity. Cortical structure, including cortical thickness, has recognized relationships with physical activity, but concepts of these relationships come from group, not individual, focused findings. Whether or how group-focused concepts apply to an individual person is fundamental to precision medicine interests but remains unclear. This issue was studied in a healthy man using concurrent micro-longitudinal tracking of magnetic resonance imaging-defined cortical thickness and accelerometer-defined steps/day over six months. These data permitted detailed examination of temporal relationships between thickness maintenance and physical activity at an individual level. Regression analyses revealed graded significant and trend-level temporal interactions between preceding activity vs. subsequent thickness maintenance and between preceding thickness maintenance vs. subsequent activity. Interactions were bidirectional, delayed/prolonged over days/weeks, positive, bilateral, directionally asymmetric, and limited in strength. These novel individual-focused findings in some ways are predicted, but in other ways remain unaddressed or undetected, by group-focused work. We suggest that individual-focused concepts of temporal interactions between maintenance of cortical structure and activity can provide needed new insight for personalized tailoring of physical activity, cortical, and neurocognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (H.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (H.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (H.X.); (X.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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16
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Kim JI, Kim G. Evaluation of health factors on artificial intelligence and the internet of things-based older adults healthcare programmes. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241258663. [PMID: 38882246 PMCID: PMC11179518 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241258663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluates Artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things-based older adults' healthcare programmes (AI·IoT-OAHPs), which offer non-face-to-face and face-to-face health management to older adults for health promotion. Methods The study involved 146 participants, adults over 60 who had registered in AI·IoT-OAHPs. This study assessed the health factors as the outcome of pre- and post-health screening and health management through AI·IoT-OAHPs for six months. Results Preand post-health screening and management through AI·IoT-OAHPs were evaluated as significant outcomes in 14 health factors. Notably, the benefits of post-cognitive function showed a twofold increase in older female adults through AI·IoT-OAHPs. Adults over 70 showed a fourfold increase in post-walking days, a threefold in post-dietary practice, and a twofold in post-cognitive function in the post-effects compared with pre via AI·IoT-OAHPs. Conclusions AI·IoT-OAHPs seem to be an effective program in the realm of face-to-face and non-face-to-face AI·IoT-based older adults' healthcare initiatives in the era of COVID-19. Consequently, the study suggests that AI·IoT-OAHPs contribute to the upgrade in health promotion of older adults. In future studies, the effectiveness of AI·IoT-OAHPs can be evaluated as a continuous project every year in the short term and every two years in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong In Kim
- Korean Society of Health and Welfare, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Gukbin Kim
- Global Management of Natural Resources, UCL, London, UK
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17
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Ödemişlioğlu-Aydın EA, Aksoy S. Evaluation of balance and executive function relationships in older individuals. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2555-2562. [PMID: 37639173 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive function is an important cognitive factor in gait and balance control. Weakening of balance system components and executive functions due to aging may affect walking and balance and increase the risk of falling. AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between balance and executive function in older individuals and the contributions of physical activity and depression to this relationship. METHODS A total of 84 healthy individuals aged 60 and over were included in the study. In the study, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Trail Making Test A and B (TMT A and TMT B), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were applied. RESULTS The Mini-BESTest and TUG correlated with DSST, TMT A, and TMT B. GDS was correlated with TUG. PASE was correlated with Mini-BESTest and TUG. Executive functions differed according to education level; DSST, TMT B, and GDS were effective in fall history. DISCUSSION There was a significant relationship between balance and executive function. It was found that balance and walking speed increased as executive function skills increased. Depression and physical activity are associated with balance and gait speed. CONCLUSIONS Balance and executive functions are related to each other, and physical activity and depression contribute to this relationship. In order to protect against the negative effects of aging, cognitive and physical training can be performed to prevent balance and executive function declines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Songül Aksoy
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
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Buele J, Palacios-Navarro G. Cognitive-motor interventions based on virtual reality and instrumental activities of daily living (iADL): an overview. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1191729. [PMID: 37396651 PMCID: PMC10311491 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1191729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive, non-pharmacological interventions utilizing virtual reality (VR) represent a promising approach to enhancing cognitive function in patients with degenerative cognitive disorders. Traditional "pen and paper" therapies often lack the practical engagement in everyday activities that older individuals encounter in their environment. These activities pose both cognitive and motor challenges, underscoring the necessity of understanding the outcomes of such combined interventions. This review aimed to assess the advantages of VR applications that integrate cognitive-motor tasks, simulating instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs). We systematically searched five databases-Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed, from their inception until January 31, 2023. Our review revealed that motor movements, coupled with VR-based cognitive-motor interventions, activate specific brain areas and foster improvements in general cognition, executive function, attention, and memory. VR applications that meld cognitive-motor tasks and simulate iADLs can offer significant benefits to older adults. Enhanced cognitive and motor performance can promote increased independence in daily activities, thereby contributing to improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Buele
- SISAu Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería, Industria y Producción, Universidad Indoamérica, Ambato, Ecuador
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
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