Emotional reactions, such as anxiety, irritability, and aggressive behavior, have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.

To investigate the current status of family rearing, parental stress, and behavioral and emotional problems of preschool children and to analyze the mediating effect of the current status of family rearing on parental stress and behavioral/emotional problems.

We use convenience sampling to select 258 preschool children in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2021 to September 2023. The children and their parents were evaluated using a questionnaire survey. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between child behavioral and emotional problems and parental stress and family rearing, and the structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect.

The score for behavioral/emotional problems of 258 preschool children was (27.54 ± 3.63), the score for parental stress was (87.64 ± 11.34), and the score for parental family rearing was (31.54 ± 5.24). There was a positive correlation between the behavioral and emotional problems of the children and the "hostile/mandatory" parenting style; meanwhile, showed a negative correlation with the "support/ participation" parenting style (all P < 0.05). The intermediary effect value between the family upbringing of parents in parental stress and children's behavior problems was 29.89%.

Parental family upbringing has a mediating effect between parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems of children. Despite paying attention to the behavioral and emotional problems of preschool-age children, clinical medical staff should provide correct and reasonable parenting advice to their parents to promote the mental health of preschool-age children.

Burdening health and illness issues such as physical or mental illnesses, accidents, disabilities, and life events such as birth or death influence the health and functioning of families and contribute to the complexity of care and health care costs. Considerable research has confirmed the benefits of a family systems-centered care approach for patients, family caregivers, families, and health care professionals. However, health care professionals face barriers in working with families, such as feeling unprepared. Family systems-centered therapeutic conversations support families' day-to-day coping, resilience, and health. A family systems care unit (FSCU) was recently established as a real-life laboratory at one of the Swiss Universities of Applied Sciences. In this unit, health care professionals offer therapeutic conversations to families and individual family members to support daily symptom management and functioning, soften suffering, and increase health and well-being. These conversations are observed in real time through a 1-way window by other health care professionals, students, and trainees and are recorded with video for research and education. Little is known about how therapeutic conversations contribute to meaningful changes in burdened families and the benefits of vicarious learning in a real-life laboratory setting for family systems care.

In this research program, we aim to deepen our understanding of how therapeutic conversations support families and individuals experiencing burdening health and illness issues and how the FSCU laboratory setting supports the learning of students, clinical trainees, and health care professionals.

Here we apply a transformational action research design, including parallel and subsequent substudies, to advance knowledge and practice in family systems care. Qualitative multiple-case study designs will be used to explore the benefits of therapeutic conversations by analyzing recordings of the therapeutic conversations. The learning processes of students, trainees, and professionals will be investigated with descriptive qualitative study designs based on single and focus group interviews. The data will be analyzed with established coding methods.

Therapeutic conversations have been investigated in 3 single-case studies, each involving a sequence of 3 therapeutic conversation units. Data collection regarding the second research question is planned.

Preliminary results confirm the therapeutic conversations to support families' coping. This renders the FSCU a setting for ethically sensitive research. This program will not only support the health and well-being of families, but also contribute to relieving the financial and workforce burdens in the health and social care system.

DERR1-10.2196/53090.

The earliest publications in the field of marriage and family therapy introduced interventions conducted with families experiencing complex health conditions. This strategic review captures an evaluation of efficacy for 87 couple and family interventions published between 2010 and 2019 with a focus on the leading causes of mortality in the United States. These health conditions include chromosomal anomalies and accidents with infants aged 0-4 years; accidents and cancer among children aged 5-14; accidents among adolescents aged 15-24; and heart disease, cancer, accidents, chronic lower respiratory diseases, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, influenza/pneumonia, and nephritis/nephrosis among adults 25 and older. Results support the need for greater inclusion of couples and families in assessments and interventions. The greatest chasm in efficacy research was with minoritized couples and families. Implications include ways to initiate couple and family interventions in the context of health conditions with attention given to accessibility, recruitment, retention, and evaluation.

The under-5 mortality rate in Indonesia is 32 per 1,000 live births, still higher than the SDG target. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), as one of the leading causes of death, must be prevented. Arguments emerge concerning the association of home crowding, health behavior, and the incidence of ARI.

A cross-section analysis with the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 dataset is performed. Samples are restricted to 16,555 children aged 0-59 months who lived with their mother (eligible women interviewed) during the survey. For each of the variables observed during this study, missing data must be omitted as exclusion criteria. A 100 per cent answer rate was achieved. Logistic regression was used to determine ARI-associated factors, by examining the effect of each explanatory factor (independent variables) on the odds ratio of ARI (one dependent binary variable).

The prevalence of ARI was more common among children living in the poorest households (AOR 1.66; 95% CI, 1.20 - 2.28) and those exposed to indoor tobacco smoke pollution (AOR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.04-1.56). On the other hand, those aged 0-5 months (AOR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.43-0.82), living at home with improved sanitation (AOR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.89), and exclusively breastfed (AOR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.99) were less likely to have ARI.

Home crowding is not associated with ARI. Efforts should be focused on preserving family health behavior. The family functioned as a health-support system for their under-5 children by establishing an indoor tobacco smoking-free zone, practicing exclusive breastfeeding, and enhancing hygiene facilities.