This study qualitatively compares how 18 experienced emergency responders from the fire services in Bergen, Norway, and London, United Kingdom, maintained and adapted their organisation's work, routines, and leadership practices to maintain operational capacity, preparedness, and resilience during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic from 2020-23. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with nine experienced emergency responders in London and nine in Bergen, enquiring how the pandemic affected their work, their needs for maintaining operational preparedness going forward, and their COVID-19 experiences. Four themes emerged, related to their emotional experiences, how to maintain readiness, continuing to serve the community, and professionalism and learning. The discussion of these themes highlights the need for flexibility in planning, rather than comprehensive plans, and leadership that understands emergency responders' requirements. Drawing on the unique aspects of this study, a two-country comparison and the focus on experienced emergency responders, recommendations are offered for individual and organisational resilience, and the interface between them.

Exercise is considered an effective treatment for improving central symptoms of depression. However, the antidepressant effects of exercise on specific central features in adults with depression and the optimal exercise prescription remain unclear. The present review aimed to explore the impact of exercise on emotion regulation (ER) and executive function (EF) among adults living with depression as well as the moderating effects of exercise prescription characteristics.

Two Chinese databases and two English databases were systematically searched from January 1, 2000 to October 30, 2023 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Based on the results of heterogeneity analyses, the random effects model was used for the meta-analysis of rumination (260 participants in 5 studies), inhibition (578 participants in 7 studies) and updating (832 participants in 9 studies), whereas the fixed effects model was used for the meta-analysis for shifting (802 participants in 8 studies).

Exercise improved rumination (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.59, p = 0.02); however, these benefits were observed only for moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in one or two 31-60 min sessions per week for 5-8 weeks. The results indicated significant post-exercise improvement in shifting (SMD = -0.22, p = 0.002) but not inhibition (SMD = -0.21, p = 0.18) or updating (SMD = 0.15, p = 0.14). Moreover, substantial improvements in shifting were observed only from high-intensity aerobic exercise in three or four 31-60 min sessions per week for more than 8 weeks.

Exercise improved ER (i.e., rumination) and EF (i.e., shifting) in adults with depression. It is important to consider symptoms when prescribing exercise to adults with depression. However, given the limited number of included RCTs, these findings are preliminary and tentative.

Few studies explored emotion regulation (ER) repertoires (the tendency to utilize multiple ER strategies in different contexts) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). It remains unclear to what extent ER repertoires can assess the risk of MDD and other psychiatric disorders.

Three subsamples including 1397 non-clinical individuals, 135 MDD patients, and 127 healthy controls (HCs) were combined to explore ER repertoires. We further built classifiers of ER repertoires to distinguish MDD patients from HCs, and additionally examined its performance based on published studies (total N = 4918).

Adaptive, average, maladaptive, and intensely maladaptive repertoires were identified. The classifier based on ER repertoires effectively distinguished MDD patients from HCs, demonstrating an AUC of 0.803 (SD = 0.067). Additionally, the classifier exhibited discriminatory power for various psychopathologies in published studies, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD, and personality disorders (AUC: 0.616-0.779).

Future studies should investigate the longitudinal influence of ER repertoires on the development of psychopathologies.

Our findings suggest that an individual's ER repertoire is a critical psychopathological risk that can serve as a valuable indicator for assessing risk and imply the potential utility of reforming ER repertoire.

Several risk factors for suicidality, including dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies (ERS), have been identified. With regard to the high number of suicides worldwide, suicide prevention and identifying potentially protective factors is of high relevance. Mindfulness has been discussed to positively influence both suicidality and ERS (e.g., expressive suppression, thought suppression, and cognitive reappraisal). The aim of this study was to examine associations between mindfulness, ERS, and suicidal ideation as well as the mediating role of ERS on the association between mindfulness and suicidal ideation.

In a cross-sectional online study, 376 participants (M = 27.35, SD = 9.98, range = 18-77; n = 282 (75%) female) filled out questionnaires on mindfulness (Freiburger Questionnaire on Mindfulness; FFA), suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation; BSS), expressive suppression (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; ERQ), thought suppression (White Bear Suppression Inventory; WBSI), and cognitive reappraisal (ERQ). Correlations and mediation models were calculated using SPSS.

Mindfulness was negatively correlated with the use of expressive suppression and thought suppression as well as positively correlated with cognitive reappraisal. Suicidal ideation was negatively correlated with mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal and positively with expressive suppression and thought suppression. The mediation models showed that all three ERS mediated the relationship between mindfulness and suicidal ideation.

The results meaningfully complement other findings in the field and show how promising it can be to integrate mindfulness-based interventions in suicide prevention. Additionally, ERS can be a starting point for therapeutic interventions.

The study was preregistered on 05/06/2022 at aspredicted.org (#96242) prior to any data collection (see https://aspredicted.org/a4yq7.pdf ).

Neuropathic pain is a global health concern due to its severity and its detrimental impact on patients' quality of life. It is primarily characterized by sensory alterations, most commonly hyperalgesia and allodynia. As the disease progresses, patients with neuropathic pain develop co-occurring emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, which further complicate therapeutic management. While pharmacotherapy remains the first-line treatment, limitations in its efficacy and the prevalence of side effects often leave patients with insufficient pain relief. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, has recently emerged as a promising alternative for chronic pain management. This review provides an overview of preclinical studies examining the effects of tDCS in rodent models of neuropathic pain. It specifically highlights the potential of tDCS to modulate the emotional-affective component of pain, with a focus on identifying optimal cortical targets for stimulation to enhance the translational application of tDCS in managing pain-related emotional disorders.

Previous behavioral research has found that working memory is associated with emotion regulation efficacy. However, there has been mixed evidence as to whether the neural mechanisms between emotion regulation and working memory overlap. The present study tested the prediction that individual differences on the working memory subtest of the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) could be predicted from the pattern of brain activity produced during emotion regulation in regions typically associated with working memory, such as the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). A total of 101 participants completed an emotion regulation fMRI task in which they either viewed or reappraised negative images. Participants also completed working memory test outside the scanner. A whole brain covariate analysis contrasting the reappraise negative and view negative BOLD response found that activity in the right dlPFC positively related to working memory ability. Moreover, a multivoxel pattern analysis approach using tenfold cross-validated support vector regression in regions-of-interest associated with working memory, including bilateral dlPFC, demonstrated that we could predict individual differences in working memory ability from the pattern of activity associated with emotion regulation. These findings support the idea that emotion regulation shares underlying cognitive processes and neural mechanisms with working memory, particularly in the dlPFC.

The capacity to regulate emotions is central to children's physical, emotional, and mental well-being as they develop. The influence of adverse childhood experiences on diminished emotion regulation (ER) has been linked to internalizing and externalizing problem behaviours in both children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study, including 479 Canadian emerging adults aged 17-19 years, examined how exposure to different levels of interparental conflict (IPC) during childhood was associated with ER (i.e., expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal) during emerging adulthood, and how parent-child closeness and parent-child conflict moderated this link. Findings revealed that at higher levels of parent-child closeness, IPC was associated with increased expressive suppression, while there were no significant differences in expressive suppression at lower levels of parent-child closeness. Similarly, IPC was more strongly associated with reduced cognitive reappraisal in the context of high parent-child conflict compared to low conflict. Findings from this work will inform interventional therapeutic and counselling practices to support the well-being of children and families.

Research literature has illustrated a substantial relationship between the variables of emotional schema (ES), suppression (S), and reappraisal (R) with childhood trauma (CT) and obsession (O). In addition, it has not been studied from the perspective of the mediating function of the variables mentioned above in the association between CT and O, both in the clinical and the non-clinical populations. As a result, this study was carried out to investigate the mediating roles of ES, S, and R in the association between CT and O within the non-clinical setting.

681 Iranian students responded to CTQ-SF, ERQ, LESS-II, and OCI-R. The structural equation model method has been utilized to investigate the mediation of variables.

Results indicated that CT had a positive relationship with ES, S, and O and a negative relationship with R. Findings illustrated the full mediation of the study model, affirming the roles of ES and R as mediators and rejecting the role of S as a mediator in the connection between CT and O.

The present study used cross-sectional analysis and self-report questionnaires, investigated the model in a non-clinical population, and exhibited gender imbalance in its sample.

Current research is essential because therapeutic interventions should focus on R and modifying ES in CT survivors instead of emphasizing S and CT to prevent or reduce O.

Trait anxiety is a consistent individual characteristic that significantly influences the development and manifestation of anxiety. This study collected 311 parent-child paired questionnaires and utilized the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) to examine the relationship between parental trait anxiety, parenting styles, and the transmission of anxiety within families. The study revealed an intergenerational transmission of trait anxiety from parents to children, with maternal protection serving as a partial mediator between maternal and child trait anxiety. Furthermore, paternal trait anxiety levels are not associated with his parenting style toward his children, but are associated with maternal parenting style. Conversely, Maternal trait anxiety levels are associated with both her own parenting style and paternal parenting style. These findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of trait anxiety transmission within families and provide theoretical and practical contributions to promoting family mental health, optimizing parenting styles, and enhancing gender equality.

Proliferation of the term "emotion dysregulation" in child psychopathology parallels the growing interest in processes that influence negative emotional reactivity. While it commonly refers to a clinical phenotype where intense anger leads to behavioral dyscontrol, the term implies etiology because anything that is dysregulated requires an impaired regulatory mechanism. Many cognitive, affective, behavioral, neural, and social processes have been studied to improve understanding of emotion dysregulation. Nevertheless, the defective regulatory mechanism that might underlie it remains unclear. This systematic review of research on processes that affect emotion dysregulation endeavors to develop an integrative framework for the wide variety of factors investigated. It seeks to ascertain which, if any, constitutes an impaired regulatory mechanism. Based on this review, we propose a framework organizing emotion-relevant processes into categories pertaining to stimulus processing, response selection and control, emotion generation, closed- or open-loop feedback-based regulation, and experiential influences. Our review finds scant evidence for closed-loop (automatic) mechanisms to downregulate anger arousal rapidly. Open-loop (deliberate) regulatory strategies seem effective for low-to-moderate arousal. More extensive evidence supports roles for aspects of stimulus processing (sensory sensitivity, salience, appraisal, threat processing, and reward expectancy). Response control functions, such as inhibitory control, show robust associations with emotion dysregulation. Processes relating to emotion generation highlight aberrant features in autonomic, endocrine, reward functioning, and tonic mood states. A large literature on adverse childhood experiences and family interactions shows the unique and joint effects of interpersonal with child-level risks. We conclude that the defective closed-loop regulatory mechanisms that emotion dysregulation implies require further specification. Integrating research on emotion-relevant mechanisms along an axis from input factors through emotion generation to corrective feedback may promote research on (a) heterogeneity in pathogenesis, (b) interrelationships between these factors, and (c) the derivation of better-targeted treatments that address specific pathogenic processes of affected youth.

Theoretical accounts emphasize the importance of context sensitivity in emotion regulation, yet research often neglects this. This study explored how adolescents' use of three emotion regulation strategies-cognitive reappraisal, distraction, and rumination-interacted with stressor intensity and perceived controllability to influence daily emotions. A total of 249 adolescents participated in a daily diary study (Mage = 12.73, SDage = 0.78; 63.1% males). Adolescents reported their daily use of emotion regulation strategies, emotional states, and contextual factors. In high-intensity stress situations, reappraisal and distraction each showed associations with reductions in negative affect, whereas rumination was related to increases in negative affect. In low-intensity stress contexts, reappraisal was associated with decreases in positive affect, and no significant effects emerged for distraction or rumination. For perceived controllability, no impact on negative affect was found; however, positive affect increased in uncontrollable situations when levels of reappraisal and rumination were low. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of stressor intensity and perceived controllability, suggesting that distraction's effectiveness is less context-dependent than reappraisal and rumination. The current study hypotheses and data analytic plan were preregistered on The Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/dfhqx/ .

While a substantial body of research has demonstrated associations between family factors and adolescent suicide risk, little is known about whether maternal mentalizing and emotion regulation play a role in adolescent suicide risk. The objective of this study was to test whether maternal mentalizing and maternal emotion regulation strategies are related to adolescent suicide risk through adolescents' mentalizing ability and emotion regulation strategies.

A total of 130 adolescents and young adults (63.6 % female; aged 15-23 years) and their mothers completed a series of self-report questionnaires assessing their suicide risk, anxiety and depression, mentalizing difficulties and cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

Structural equation modeling revealed significant indirect effects between adolescent mentalizing and adolescent suicide risk through adolescent adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation. The results also showed a moderating effect of adolescent anxiety and depression on the relationships between adaptive emotion regulation strategies and suicide risk in adolescents and young adults. Importantly, maternal maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (i.e., self-blame and catastrophizing) have significant effects on suicidal risk through mentalizing difficulties and adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in adolescents and young adults.

Our findings provide preliminary support for the specific roles of maternal emotion regulation strategies by demonstrating that a higher use of maternal maladaptive emotion regulation strategies are associated with less adolescent mentalizing, which in turn contributes to a higher use of maladaptive strategies and a lower use of adaptive strategies among adolescents, thus increasing the risk of suicide in adolescence and young adulthood.

Introduction: Autistic children may encounter difficulties in managing emotions and executive functions (EFs), which can contribute to mental and health challenges. Recognizing physical activities as a potential strategy for enhancing emotion regulation (ER), this study aims to investigate the efficacy of a virtual reality (VR)-based physical exercise program in improving ER and EFs among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: Forty boys diagnosed with ASD, aged 7 to 10 years, were randomly assigned to two groups: a VR intervention group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The intervention group participated in a VR program, while the control group solely concentrated on engaging in sedentary and inactive video gaming. EFs were evaluated through the utilization of both the flanker task and the Wisconsin card sorting task, both administered initially at baseline and subsequently after an 8-week interval. In addition, the parents of the children completed the Emotion Regulation Checklist to evaluate their ER skills. Results: According to the results, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of EFs and the ability to regulate emotion (P < 0.05). The intervention group demonstrated a notable improvement in ER skills and exhibited superior executive functioning abilities compared with the control group. Conclusion: It appears that VR exercises can serve as a preliminary trial to enhance EFs and ER in children with autism. In addition, they may prove effective as complementary interventions to traditional educational strategies in preventing future challenges associated with ASD.

The relationship between dissociation features, maladaptive regulation strategies, and emotional dysregulation is a controversial issue. This meta-analytic review provides a comprehensive and multidimensional overview of the association between aspects of dissociation and emotional (dys)regulation.

We conducted systematic research on the main databases (Psycinfo, PsycARTICLES, Pubmed, MEDLINE, Scopus), collecting the literature of the last 20 years. A total of 120 studies were included in the meta-analytic review. The analyses are based on the Pearson coefficient as a measure of the size of the effect, using the random effect model and performing moderation analysis.

Results showed significant relationships between emotion (dys)regulation and the different facets of dissociation. Overall, we observed stronger associations between deficits in emotion regulation/maladaptive regulating strategies, rather than alexithymia, and dissociation, supporting the prior involvement of emotional dimensions in dissociative experiences.

This work confirms the connection between emotion (dys)regulation and dissociation, revealing differential patterns according to the specific assessed dimensions and, thus, providing a systematization of the associations between specific aspects of the examined constructs.

Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a key transdiagnostic symptom in several psychiatric disorders such as borderline personality disorder (BPD), bipolar disorder (BD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These disorders, here defined as ED disorders (EDD), share similarities in symptoms, comorbidity, and heritability, emphasizing the importance of a transdiagnostic approach to identify markers of vulnerability to EDD in high-risk populations, such as EDD patients' offspring (EDDoff). The hippocampus, central to ED, exhibits alterations across EDD.

We employed a state-of-the-art approach (micro-co-activation patterns, μCAPs) to study the transdiagnostic dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of hippocampal subregions from resting-state functional MRI of 201 participants (74 EDD patients, 57 EDDoff, 70 controls). μCAPs provide a data-driven differentiation within the seed region.

DFC between the sensorimotor network (SMN) and the hippocampal body was lower in EDD patients (pFDR=0.0002) and EDDoff (pFDR=0.01) compared to controls, with EDDoff displaying an intermediate pattern between EDD patients and controls. dFC between the limbic network (LN) and the hippocampal head was higher in EDD patients than in controls (pFDR=0.01) and in EDDoff (pFDR=0.01). A negative correlation was found between ED and SMN (pFDR=0.01), suggesting increasing ED with decreasing SMN dFC with the hippocampus.

Increased dFC between the hippocampal head and the LN, at the expense of the SMN, may represent a marker of disease in EDD patients. Lower dFC between the SMN and the hippocampal body may represent a marker of vulnerability to EDD in EDDoff, correlating with ED. Such a transdiagnostic construct represents a clinically relevant target for early interventions aimed at reducing vulnerability to EDD in high-risk populations.

Functional brain networks must undergo dynamic reorganization within brief time intervals to effectively process and respond to affective stimuli. The traditional static network method only could reflect the whole brain activity on an independent time scale. Based on the emerging temporal brain network analysis framework, the current study explored the difference between cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in the reorganization of dynamic functional connectivity. Temporal brain network in the gamma band was estimated using the sliding window method and the phase lag index to quantitatively compare the differences between cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The results showed that the regulative effect of cognitive reappraisal was better than that of negative viewing and expressive suppression. In the global temporal brain networks, temporal clustering coefficients of cognitive reappraisal was increased compared with expressive suppression. The frontal and parietal lobes were essential for the process of emotion regulation, and the difference of nodal temporal betweenness centrality between the two strategies was mainly concentrated in the frontal and parietal lobes. The spatiotemporal topological network of dynamic functional connectivity for cognitive reappraisal was significantly segregated, and the frontal and parietal lobes region revealed the different performance of the two strategies at the nodal level.

Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with emotion regulation (ER) difficulties. Most studies are based on self-reports, while few have examined how these difficulties are expressed across modalities, which may hold important diagnostic and therapeutic information. We applied a multi-informant and multi-method approach to examine ER difficulties in 211 children aged 8-17 years: 121 with OCD and 90 non-clinical controls. Child ER difficulties were assessed with The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (self-report and parent-report) and a Tangram frustration task with investigator-rated behavior, self-rated frustration, and heart rate variability (HRV). Children with OCD differed significantly from non-clinical controls in showing: (i) elevated child ER difficulties on self-report (partial eta squared =.068-.165) and parent-report (partial eta squared =.207-.369); (ii) more investigator-rated ER difficulties during the task (Cohen's d = -.33); (iii) increased levels of self-rated frustration before and after the task (partial eta squared =.089); notably, the magnitude of this increase did not differ between children with and without OCD. Finally, (iv) all children, regardless of group, demonstrated significant HRV changes during the frustration task, with no discernible group differences in the magnitude of these changes. Results suggest the OCD-related experience of ER difficulties may not impact autonomic functioning.

Emotion regulation difficulties have been identified as an underlying mechanism in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. The need to improve our understanding of emotion regulation difficulties to accurately assess and treat adolescents in child and adolescent psychiatric settings is essential.

In the first part of the study, the psychometric qualities of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, 16-item version (DERS-16) were examined in a clinical child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) sample. In the second part, the DERS-16 was used to examine emotion regulation difficulties in the CAP sample (N = 281, 15-19-year-olds, 77.6% female) and in a community sample of adolescents (N = 3,169, 16-19-year-olds, 55.6% female). Subgroups were further explored in the CAP sample by two-step cluster analysis with log-likelihood distance measures.

DERS-16 showed satisfactory psychometric qualities in the CAP sample. DERS-16 successfully distinguished adolescents in the clinical sample from adolescents in the community sample. Results showed significantly higher levels of self-reported emotion regulation difficulties in the CAP sample and in females. The two-step cluster analysis resulted in three clusters, named Minor, Moderate and Severe emotion regulation difficulties. Adolescents with the highest levels of emotion regulation difficulties had significantly more risk behaviors such as nonsuicidal self-injury and drug use, depression and anxiety, exposure to abuse, and higher levels of comorbidity.

DERS-16 successfully distinguished clinical from community adolescents. The results illustrate the importance of identifying adolescents with high levels of emotion regulation difficulties in child and adolescent psychiatry due to higher levels of comorbidity and risk behaviors.

This meta-analysis investigated the effects of emotion regulation strategies on teachers' well-being and positive emotional outcomes. Employing a comprehensive review and quantitative synthesis of the literature, the study confirmed that effective emotional regulation, particularly through strategies like deep acting, significantly enhances teacher well-being and job satisfaction. In contrast, surface acting was associated with mixed outcomes, occasionally beneficial but generally not supportive of effective teaching practices. The findings highlight the importance of tailored emotional regulation training in professional development programs for educators. Future research should expand on these findings by exploring diverse emotion regulation strategies across varied educational and cultural contexts to fully understand their impact on educational outcomes.

Although there are several guidelines in the literature on "recurrent abortion", there is no comprehensive guideline on "threatened abortion". The overall purpose of this guideline is to provide healthcare providers with the best available evidence for examination and treatment of pregnant women with threatened abortion.

The scope of the guideline and the first version of the questions were prepared by the Perinatology and High Risk Pregnancies Association (PERİDER) guideline development group in January 2024. Meetings were held to discuss key questions and redefine them. A final list of 8 key questions was created. Keywords were defined for each question and ranked in order of importance and used in searches for all English-language publications in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane libraries. These databases were thoroughly scanned for publications that were published until February 1, 2024. Literature reviews were conducted as an iterative process. In the first step, systematic reviews and meta-analyses were collected. If no results were found, the research was expanded to randomized controlled trials and then to cohort studies and case reports, following the hierarchy of evidence levels.

This guideline was presented to the board of directors of the Turkish Gynecology and Obstetrics Society (TJOD). With their suggestions, guideline was finalized, and it was decided to be published as a joint guideline of PERİDER-TJOD.

This guideline provides an overview of threatened abortion and the recommended treatments. In addition, by recognizing the deficiencies in the literature, suggestions were made regarding research that could help clinicians' decisions in the future.

Prior evidence suggests mental health, and affective symptomatology in particular, are influenced by emotion-related abilities. The strategies people use to identify, understand, and manage their emotions can serve as a protective or vulnerability factor for their psychological adjustment. Adaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as the ability to identify and understand emotions, can mitigate anxiety and depression symptoms, whereas maladaptive strategies, such as rumination, contribute to the vulnerability to suffering emotional symptomatology. To better understand the role of each strategy in affective outcomes, this study examines the role of adaptive emotion regulation strategies on anxiety, depression, and well-being, in comparison to rumination, among the general population. We hypothesize that the ability to accurately identify emotions and understand inner thoughts will act as protective factors against depression and anxiety, considering neuroticism. In comparison, rumination reactions, such as passively overthinking about inner experiences, will exacerbate the affective symptomatology. A sample of 1703 participants over the country, 50.43% female (18-75 years of age, mean = 45.48, SD = 14.73), closely aligned with the mean age of the target population in Spain, which is 44.1 years, were randomly selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed self-report measures for emotional competence, rumination, anxiety and depression symptoms, well-being, and neuroticism. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the relationships among the above-mentioned variables. Our results revealed neuroticism is related to higher levels of anxiety and depression and negatively related to wellbeing through the mediation effect of rumination and emotional competence, including all possible paths of the mediation model. This study has important implications for designing preventive and therapeutical interventions.

Although the relationship between parental emotion socialization and emotional competence, including emotion regulation, in children and adolescents has been extensively explored, there is a lack of research investigating this association in adolescents at high risk for mental health problems. The present study examined the association between maternal emotion socialization and emotion regulation in adolescents with high levels of internalizing symptoms, using multi-informant measurements (mother-reported, adolescent-reported, observer-reported). The study also explored whether discrepancies in the report of parental emotion socialization by different informants were related to adolescent emotion regulation, in addition to factors that may contribute to informant discrepancies.

Participants were 70 female adolescents (mean age = 11.46 years, SD = 0.77) with high levels of internalizing symptoms and their mothers. Maternal emotion socialization (i.e., emotion dismissing and emotion coaching) was assessed using mother- and adolescent-reported questionnaires, and via observation during an emotion discussion task. Adolescent emotion regulation was reported by mothers and adolescents, while maternal emotion regulation was self-reported.

Adolescent-reported maternal emotion coaching and dismissing were significantly related to adolescent-reported adolescent emotion regulation. Informant discrepancies were not related to adolescent emotion regulation. Mothers higher in emotion regulation difficulties reported that their emotion coaching was more congruent with adolescent- and observer-reported emotion coaching, although this effect did not reach statistical significance.

Our findings highlight the value of adolescent-reported variables in parenting and adolescent emotion research. Additionally, mothers' emotion regulation may influence their assessments of their emotion socialization behaviors.

The role of optimism and gratitude in the link between negative affectivity and suicide risk (viz., depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation) was examined in a sample of 1401 Spanish adolescents. Overall, the results of a set of hierarchical regression analyses supported the prediction of optimism and gratitude as predictors of suicide risk. Moreover, we analyzed whether the negative affectivity optimism/gratitude interaction term explains the unique variance in depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. The results show that optimism and gratitude buffered the association between negative affectivity and depressive symptoms/ suicidal ideation, indicating that among adolescents experiencing negative affectivity, those who presented a high level of optimism and gratitude reported a lower risk of suicide. Finally, the practical implications of these novel findings regarding the role of optimism and gratitude in preventing suicide risk among adolescents are discussed.

The ability to consider the long-term implications of emotional events is integral to mental health and adaptive psychological functioning. However, it remains unclear whether flexibly synchronizing emotion regulation strategies to the long-term implications of emotional events is associated with adaptive outcomes.

This ecological momentary assessment study examined how emotion regulation flexibility concerning contextual long-term implications is linked to daily emotional experiences and mental health outcomes. Ninety-eight participants provided 1705 real-time assessments of their perceived long-term implications of ongoing emotional events and reported their use of cognitive change (i.e., reappraisal, benefit-finding, perspective-taking) and attentional deployment strategies (i.e., distraction, refocusing, cognitive avoidance). The adaptiveness of adjusting these strategies based on contextual long-term implications was examined using momentary emotional experiences and measures of psychopathology and well-being as outcomes.

Consistent with models of emotion regulation flexibility, participants who aligned their use of cognitive change and attentional deployment strategies with the perceived long-term significance of events reported more positive daily emotional experiences and lower levels of psychopathology.

Future work should use experimental and longitudinal designs to establish causal pathways.

These findings underscore the importance of accounting for situational long-term implications when evaluating the adaptiveness of regulatory strategies, thereby adding to the growing body of evidence supporting the contextual nature of emotion regulation.

Previous studies have identified psychiatric comorbidity, including alcohol dependence (AD), as a significant factor in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is a lack of evidence on how best to treat comorbid PTSD and AD. Poor emotion regulation may be a key potential mechanism of PTSD and AD comorbidity.

Seventy-four participants (48 women and 26 men) include three groups: a healthy control group (HC group, N = 20), a PTSD without alcohol dependence group (PTSD without AD group, N = 36), and a PTSD with alcohol dependence group (PTSD with AD group, N = 18). They completed the Shifted Attention Emotion Evaluation Task (SEAT) paradigm while undergoing fMRI.

Gender and hyperarousal symptoms were found to predict the risk of AD. In the whole-brain fMRI data, compared to PTSD without AD, the PTSD with AD group showed significant deactivations in the left middle Occipital Gyri (BA19_L), the right Rolandic Operculum (BA48_R), and the right Lingual Gyri (BA37_R). Furthermore, AD showed a significant correlation with the right Lingual Gyri (BA37_R) in individuals with PTSD.

These findings reveal possible neural mechanisms underlying the difference between PTSD patients with and without AD. These regions are involved in visual pathways, memory processing, and spatial cognition within the context of implicit emotion regulation. The observed alterations in these areas may serve as neural diagnostic markers for PTSD comorbid with AD and could be potential targets for developing novel treatments.

Congestive heart failure is often associated with diminished resilience in patients, leading to adverse mental health outcomes. This study aimed to explore the impact of an emotion regulation program on the resilience of individuals coping with congestive heart failure.

This randomized clinical trial involved 70 hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure at Shahid Chamran Medical Center in Isfahan. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 35) or the control group (n = 35). The intervention group underwent a six-session emotion regulation program, with each session lasting 45-60 min. Data collection involved the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, administered at three stages: preintervention, immediately postintervention, and 1 month postintervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, employing chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, t-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA (significance level: p < 0.05).

The mean resilience scores for the intervention group were 37.33 ± 17.25 preintervention, 92.17 ± 3.88 immediately postintervention, and 87.26 ± 3.33 1 month postintervention, indicating a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Conversely, the control group's mean resilience scores during the same periods were 37.77 ± 25.58, 19.34 ± 13.22, and 31.80 ± 19.98, showing nonsignificant differences (p > 0.05). Additionally, comparisons of mean resilience scores between the intervention and control groups immediately and 1 month postintervention revealed significant differences (p < 0.05).

The findings underscore the effectiveness of the emotion regulation program in enhancing resilience among patients with congestive heart failure. It is recommended that healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, incorporate this intervention into their patient care practices to foster resilience in individuals managing congestive heart failure.

Dramatic increases in rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) among youth highlight the need to pinpoint early risk factors. This study used intensive longitudinal sampling to assess what the concurrent associations were between risk factors and STB status, how proximal changes in risk factors were related to STB status, and how risk factors prospectively predicted changes in STB status in a preadolescent sample enriched for early childhood psychopathology.

A total of 192 participants were included from the Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Emotional Development (PCIT-ED) Study, a longitudinal study of children with and without preschool depression. Participants 7 to 12 years of age completed a diagnostic interview, followed by 12 months of intensive longitudinal sampling, assessing experiences of suicidal ideation and 11 psychosocial variables with known links to STBs in adolescents and adults. Preadolescents with STB history (high-risk) received surveys weekly, and those without STB history (lower-risk) received surveys monthly.

Female sex, elevated depressive symptoms, greater use of expressive suppression and rumination, emotional clarity, and perceived burdensomeness were uniquely concurrently associated with the likelihood of STB endorsement. Within the high-risk group, (1) increases in depression, expressive suppression, rumination, and perceived burdensomeness, and decreases in positive affect from weekt to weekt+1 were associated with a higher likelihood of a positive STB status at weekt+1; and (2) higher expressive suppression, perceived burdensomeness, and caregiver criticism and conflict at weekt compared to participants' mean levels prospectively predicted increases in the likelihood of a positive STB report from weekt to weekt+1.

Psychosocial factors influencing STBs in adolescents and adults also affect preadolescents in day-to-day life. Expressive suppression and perceived burdensomeness consistently emerged as novel risk indicators and potential targets for treatment. In addition, increases in depression, rumination, and caregiver criticism and conflict, as well as decreases in positive affect, might prompt heightened STB screening and assessments for preadolescents with a history of STBs.

There have been large increases in rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) among youth, highlighting the need to identify early risk factors in preadolescents. Over one year, 192 seven- to 12-year-old Midwestern children, some of whom had a history of STBs, repeatedly reported on several risk factors and occurrence of STBs over the previous week or month. Suppressing one's emotions and feeling like a burden emerged as risk factors and predicted the increased likelihood of the emergence of STBs, suggesting these may be potential targets for treatment. Findings also suggest that increases in depression, rumination, and caregiver criticism and conflict, as well as decreases in positive emotion, should prompt STB screening and assessments for preadolescents with a history of STBs.

We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list.

ABSTRACTObjective: Traditional research often categorizes emotion regulation strategies as adaptive or maladaptive, overlooking crucial situational and individual differences that dictate their efficacy. The literature highlights the need for a more nuanced approach, like the role of emotion regulation flexibility. Despite its importance, research on developing and testing interventions that promote this flexibility is scarce. Addressing this gap, our study designed and tested an "Emotion Regulation Flexibility Booster Program" (ERFBP). We aimed to assess its efficacy in improving emotion regulation flexibility (ERF) and its impact on various mental health indicators. Method: We recruited 153 participants with low emotion regulation flexibility, randomly assigning them to experimental, control, and no-treatment groups. The experimental group was provided with an intervention based on an ERF model. The control group received sessions on study habits, whereas no-treatment group received no training. Results: The analysis indicated that participants in the ERFBP group exhibited significant changes in ERF, subjective wellbeing, and emotion regulation goals and psychological distress compared to baseline measurements and post-intervention scores of other two groups. Conclusion: These findings support the effectiveness of the ERFBP in enhancing ERF and wellbeing. However, further research must confirm these findings across diverse contexts and populations.

We are continuously exposed to what others think and feel about content online. How do others' evaluations shared in this medium influence our own beliefs and emotional responses? In two pre-registered studies, we investigated the social transmission of threat and safety evaluations in a paradigm that mimicked online social media platforms. In Study 1 (N = 103), participants viewed images and indicated how distressed they made them feel. Participants then categorised these images as threatening or safe for others to see, while seeing how "previous participants" ostensibly categorised them (these values were actually manipulated across images). We found that participants incorporated both peers' categorisations of the images and their own distress ratings when categorizing images as threatening or safe. Study 2 (N = 115) replicated these findings and further demonstrated that peers' categorisations shifted how distressed these images made them feel. Taken together, our results indicate that people integrate their own and others' experiences when exposed to emotional content and that social information can influence both our perceptions of things as threatening or safe, as well as our own emotional responses to them. Our findings provide replicable experimental evidence that social information is a powerful conduit for the transmission of affective evaluations and experiences.

The study aimed to explore the relationship between intrinsic spirituality, emotion dysregulation, resilience, and PTSD in Turkish university students who were earthquake survivors. In addition, the validity and reliability of the Brief Emotion Dysregulation Scale (BEDS) were evaluated among Turkish university students who were earthquake survivors.

A sample of 651 Turkish university students who were earthquake survivors participated in an online survey distributed via WhatsApp, completing the Intrinsic Spirituality Scale (ISS), the Brief Emotion Dysregulation Scale (BEDS), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5. Structural equation modeling and mediation analysis were employed to explore the predictive relationships between these psychological variables and PTSD symptoms.

The findings confirmed that the BEDS is a valid and reliable scale for assessing emotion dysregulation levels in Turkish university students who were earthquake survivors. Intrinsic spirituality had a negative correlation between emotion dysregulation and PTSD, indicating that higher levels of PTSD are associated with lower intrinsic spirituality. A positive correlation was found between intrinsic spirituality and resilience, suggesting that increased intrinsic spirituality is linked to higher levels of resilience. Furthermore, emotion dysregulation and resilience were found to mediate the relationship between intrinsic spirituality and PTSD. Moreover, emotion dysregulation has a mediating effect in the relationship between resilience and PTSD.

The study highlights the determinant effects of intrinsic spirituality on emotional dysregulation, resilience and PTSD in Turkish university students who survived the earthquake. Interventions and support programs designed to reduce PTSD symptoms should benefit from the results of this research, and future research should include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of intrinsic spirituality on PTSD. It is also crucial to examine the effects on various demographic groups, including differences in age, education level, and socio-economic status.

Previous research has shown that creative cognitive reappraisal is highly effective in regulating negative emotions. We conducted three experiments to explore its transferability. In Experiment 1, we observed that free recall performance was better for creative reappraisal compared to non-creative reappraisal. Memory retention of reappraisals was associated with creativity ratings, but not with perceived effectiveness ratings. In Experiment 2, participants generated reappraisals for newly introduced unpleasant images before (pre-session) and after (post-session) exposure to creative reappraisal, non-creative reappraisal, and descriptive control interpretation. Results showed increased reflective effectiveness of self-generated reappraisals in the post-session. The level of creativity of the self-generated reappraisals was associated with differences in perceived effectiveness between creative and non-creative exposed reappraisals. In Experiment 3, we investigated how two processing approaches (effectiveness-oriented vs. memory-oriented) influenced the transferability of creative reappraisal. We observed creativity levels of self-generated reappraisals increased in both conditions. The reflective effectiveness of the self-generated reappraisals tended to increase only in the effectiveness-oriented processing condition. Our findings demonstrate that recognising the effectiveness of creative reappraisal plays a crucial role in its transfer across different situations.

Emerging research shows that distancing one's language by reducing the use of "I" and present-tense verbs is associated with more successful emotion regulation. However, construal level theory posits that increasing psychological distance should also shift mental representations to be more abstract. Here, we test whether successful emotion regulation is related to linguistic measures of both abstractness and psychological distance in two emotion regulation experiments reported previously (N 1 = 217, N 2 = 464). As hypothesized, we found that (i) linguistic measures of psychological distancing and abstractness were highly correlated, (ii) linguistic abstractness increased when people used cognitive reappraisal strategies to regulate their responses to negative images, (iii) instructing participants to distance their language by not using the word "I" increased linguistic abstractness, and (iv) the extent to which people made their language more abstract while regulating correlated with regulation success. These results extend theoretical arguments that psychological distance and abstract construals are strongly connected in the mind. Furthermore, they provide novel evidence that successful cognitive reappraisal is associated with more abstract representations of stimuli and that this cognitive shift can be achieved merely by shifting one's language.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-024-00269-7.

Due to their medical vulnerability, youngsters with congenital heart disease (CHD) may experience more overwhelming emotions than healthy peers. This multi-informant-based study aims to examine differences between these youngsters and their peers in psychosocial functioning, attachment and emotion regulation.

217 youngsters (8-18 years) with CHD (53.9 % boys, 46.1 % girls) were compared to 232 healthy controls (52.6 % boys, 47.4 % girls) matched for gender, age and education. Participants and parents completed online self-report questionnaires assessing psychosocial functioning (SDQ), attachment (ECR-RC), and maladaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies (ERS; FEEL-KJ).

Based on child's self-reports MANOVA's showed no significant differences between the groups in psychosocial functioning. However, based on parent reports, differences were found between the groups in psychosocial functioning for the total scales and overarching subscales. No differences were found between the groups for insecure attachment to either parent. However, youngsters with CHD and their fathers reported more use of self-devaluation compared to controls (p = .03). Other maladaptive ERS (giving up, withdrawal, rumination, aggressive actions) showed no differences.

Care interventions for children with CHD should address medical, emotional, and social needs, with a focus on multi-informant evaluations to support emotional well-being. Nurses are important partners in detecting psychosocial difficulties and providing family support. Patient- and family-centered care involves patients, parents and caregivers in the care plan, recognizing their key role, especially as youngsters often perceive their psychosocial health differently than their parents. Although differences were noted compared to the control group, the study's cross-sectional design limits conclusions on evolution with time.

The experience of stress and the need to regulate emotions are pervasive in everyday life. Emotion regulation (ER) is particularly required under stress to facilitate successful adaptation and recovery. Importantly, a growing body of work has identified stress and ER deficits as transdiagnostic risk factors for psychopathology. This highlights the relevance of understanding how stress impacts ER to elucidate individual vulnerability to mental disorders. Stress alters cognitive and emotional functioning via stress hormones secreted by the two major stress systems: sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary adrenocortical axis. This review aims to compile and synthesize empirical studies in humans investigating the effects of acute stress and stress hormones on ER. A systematic literature search yielded 14 relevant studies, 11 investigating acute stress effects and 3 examining the influence of pharmacological cortisol elevations on ER. The results of the stress studies are mixed revealing either impairing, beneficial or no effects at all. Cortisol administration mostly facilitated ER attempts. Notably, we detected timing differences in measuring ER performance relative to stress exposure that potentially reconcile divergent findings. Here, we propose the PRESSURE model (Predominant Stress System Underpins Regulation of Emotions) postulating that the direction and magnitude of stress effects on ER depends on the relative predominance of one stress system over the other. Additionally, sex-stress hormone interactions, stimulus intensity and ER strategy are discussed as possible moderators. Finally, we highlight limitations in current research and provide recommendations for future studies that will further advance our understanding of the intricate relationship between stress and ER.

Among the strategies people can use to regulate their emotions, there is increasing interest in mindfulness. Although prior reviews support that mindful acceptance (equanimity) is an effective strategy, other components of mindfulness (monitoring/ mindful awareness) have received less attention. Further, a recent theoretical framework-the Dual-mode Model of Mindful Emotion Regulation-proposed that mindfulness has two "modes" of action in emotion regulation: (1) implementation to regulate emotions as time-limited strategies and (2) acting as a moderator that facilitates effective emotion regulation. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the implementation of mindfulness-based strategies and facilitation effects of mindfulness on emotion reactivity and strategy implementation. A total of 2037 records were screened, from which 110 studies with 767 effects (N = 8,105) were analyzed. There was a significant effect of mindfulness-based strategies (g = .28, 95% CI [.18, .38], I 2 = 83.3%). Components of monitoring (g = .17, 95% CI [.02, .32]) and equanimity (g = .3, 95% CI [.19, .41]) were also effective, although monitoring alone was significantly less effective than other strategies. The effect size was greater for within-subjects designs, text-based emotional stimuli, personally relevant stimuli, and behavioral outcomes (e.g., pain tolerance). Despite small-study effects and publication bias, the estimate was robust to sensitivity analyses (between .15 and .3). Meta-regression of facilitation supported that greater study-level equanimity was associated with reduced reactivity. As hypothesized, mindfulness-based strategies can effectively regulate emotions. Methodological considerations and directions for future study are discussed.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-024-00281-x.

Emotion regulation difficulties affect many adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and previous research has highlighted a need for accessible interventions to support them in this domain, especially in real-life contexts. Digital health interventions (DHIs) can be embedded in adolescents' daily lives and thus offer considerable promise for meeting this need. However, there is a lack of information to guide the development of suitable emotion regulation DHIs for this population. The goal of this study is, therefore, to identify recommendations to guide the development of emotion regulation DHIs for adolescents with ADHD. This narrative review synthesizes diverse relevant evidence to inform their development, including promising therapeutic approaches and components and relevant design and development considerations. We find that there is very little direct evidence of "what works" for emotion regulation DHIs and emotion regulation interventions more generally for adolescents with ADHD; however, we identify promising therapeutic approaches for new DHIs. We also recommend following a co-design or coproduction approach with adolescents with ADHD, including exploring elements designed to motivate and engage young people to support sustained adherence. We conclude that DHIs are a promising approach for emotion regulation interventions for adolescents with ADHD, could draw on a range of existing therapeutic approaches, and should be co-designed with users themselves.

Interpersonal Emotion Regulation (IER) may serve as a critical link between the established roles of social support and emotion regulation in mitigating academic burnout. This study explored the hypothesis that IER influences academic burnout through its impact on social support. 156 undergraduate students were involved in the study, with measures assessing academic burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey), IER (Difficulties in Interpersonal Emotion Regulation), and social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). Results confirmed the protective role of social support and revealed distinct effects of different IER forms. Specifically, reassurance-seeking emerged as a protective factor, positively predicting social support and indirectly reducing burnout levels. Conversely, venting was found to exacerbate burnout both directly and indirectly, by diminishing social support.

Psychological, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among college-aged emerging adults (aged 18-29 years). Aggressive and dark triad personality traits have been linked to an increased risk of IPV, yet this approach does not identify modifiable risk factors. This study extends current research on personality traits and IPV by testing modifiable factors, namely, emotion regulation and empathic concern, that may alter the association of dark triad traits with psychological, physical, and sexual IPV. College students (N = 554) in a dating relationship for more than 2 weeks completed an online survey. Participants self-identified as Black (22.9%), Latinx (40.6%), and White (34.8%); a majority identified as women (74.1%). Results showed that low empathic concern intensified the association between dark triad traits and psychological and physical IPV. Individuals relatively high on dark triad traits are thus more likely to engage in monitoring a partner, dictating their activities or appearance, or hitting them when they also exhibit low empathy. Emotion regulation also moderated the relationship between dark triad traits and psychological IPV, but not for physical or sexual IPV. Emotion regulation, however, was a significant correlate of physical IPV, suggesting this type of IPV may be related to both emotion dysregulation and intentional efforts to control a partner. In contrast, emotion regulation and dark triad traits were independently linked to sexual IPV, suggesting sexual IPV may be driven by different mechanisms such as opportunistic or exploitative tendencies, factors that are less influenced by empathy. Results emphasize targeting empathic concern and emotion regulation to reduce IPV risk among those high in dark triad traits.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is a risk factor for drug use, which has the potential to negatively impact survivor health and well-being. However, few studies have explored the role of emotion regulation in the association between IPV exposure and drug use. Understanding whether difficulties with emotion regulation mediate the association between IPV victimization and drug use may be important to better understand the mechanisms driving drug use and identify potential intervention targets. Thus, the present study aims to test the role of emotion dysregulation in the link between IPV exposure and drug use among violently injured adults. A total of 367 adults who had experienced a violent injury from any source (Mage = 32.7, 73% male, 80% Black/African-American) from an Urban Level 1 Trauma Center were recruited. Participants completed self-report surveys on their IPV victimization experiences, emotion regulation difficulties, and drug use. Results showed that IPV victimization was associated with greater emotion regulation difficulties and higher levels of drug use. In addition, several domains of emotion regulation difficulties (strategies, non-acceptance, goals, and impulse) were associated with more engagement in drug use, and those domains of emotion regulation difficulties partially mediated the associations between IPV victimization and drug use. These findings highlight the importance of exploring mechanisms of IPV victimization outcomes, such as drug use that can guide education (e.g., stigma prevention), prevention (e.g., early and hospital-based screening), and intervention (e.g., treatments to target emotion regulation) efforts.

Background/Objectives: Difficulties in emotion regulation (DER) serve as a transdiagnostic risk factor for a wide range of emotion-based psychopathologies, including anxiety and depression disorders. This study presents a report on the psychometrics of the eight-item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-8 (DERS-8) and the development of its Polish norms. Methods: The sample comprised 1329 Polish adults aged 18-73, with 907 females, 384 males, 36 non-binary, and 2 people with an unidentifiable gender. The participants filled out a series of self-report questionnaires on DER, anxiety and depression symptoms, and well-being. Factor structure and measurement invariance, as well as discriminant validity of the DERS-8, were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and divergent validity was assessed via relationships with negative and positive mental health outcomes. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated with alpha and omega coefficients. Demographic differences were also examined. Results: Our empirical evidence supported the strong psychometrics of the Polish DERS-8, including its good level of internal consistency reliability (i.e., 0.89) and strong validity. The one-factor DERS-8 model had a good fit, with its supported scalar invariance between a set of demographic variables and levels of mental health outcomes. DERS-8 scores were strong positive predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms and negative predictors of well-being, emphasizing the potential detrimental effects of DER on the dual continuum of mental health and mental illness. Conclusions: The Polish DERS-8 has strong psychometric properties. Given the development of its percentile rank norms, the scale can be used as a good screening measure of DER in the Polish adult sample.

Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia. However, scaling this proven effective intervention to areas of high need remains a challenge, necessitating sensitive adaptation and evaluation.

A randomised waitlist-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of a hybrid digital CBT-I and emotion regulation (dCBT-I + ER) intervention delivered through workplaces. Participants with at least mild insomnia and depression or anxiety symptoms were randomised to the intervention or waitlist control groups. The intervention was delivered via a web-based platform and four video-conferencing therapy sessions. Participants tracked their sleep using actigraphy and a sleep diary that was used to pace the intervention delivered. Assessments occurred at baseline and 8 weeks post-randomisation, measuring insomnia, depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, quality of life, and work productivity.

Of the 159 participants (mean age 43.6 ± 9.4 years, 76.7% female, 80.5% white), 80 received the intervention and 79 were in the control group. The intervention group showed significant improvements in insomnia (F1, 134 = 71.46, p < .0001); depression (F1, 134 = 35.67, p < .0001); and anxiety (F1, 134 = 17.63, p < .0001), with large effect sizes (d = 0.7-1.5). Sleep diary data supported these findings, whereas actigraphy data did not. Improvements in psychological well-being were significant (F1, 132.13 = 10.64, p < 0.001), whereas quality of life, work productivity, and satisfaction outcomes were not.

This study suggests that a hybrid dCBT-I + ER intervention, delivered via workplaces, effectively improves insomnia, depression, and anxiety. It holds promise as a scalable solution, warranting further investigation into its long-term efficacy and economic impact.

Behavioral and cognitive regulation of emotions is crucial for adaptation and mental health. Measuring it with valid and reliable instruments is essential, especially in Peru. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Peruvian version of the Behavioral Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (BERQ-PA) in a sample of 403 adults from Lima, aged between 18 and 59 years (M = 32.3, SD = 10.1; 65.8% women). Participants completed the BERQ-PA, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the validity of the internal structure. The BERQ-PA scores were correlated with those of the ERQ and GHQ-28 to check concurrent and convergent validity. Reliability was established by internal consistency analysis, and factorial invariance according to sex was evaluated using a multigroup CFA. The CFA confirmed the original five-factor model; however, two items had factor loadings lower than 0.40. For this reason, an alternative five-factor, 18-item model was evaluated that showed optimal fit indices (S-Bχ2 = 299, df = 125, χ2/df = 2.39, CFI = 0.959, TLI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.048 [90% CI: 0.039-0.057], SRMR = 0.069). The alpha and omega coefficients of the five subscales were greater than 0.70, confirming reliability. The correlations between the BERQ, ERQ, and GHQ-28 subscales evidenced convergent and concurrent validity. Factorial invariance according to sex was confirmed. The BERQ-PA is a valid and reliable measure of the behavioral regulation of emotions, standing out for its usefulness for research, psychological assessment, and the assessment of interventions in the Peruvian context.

Interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) refers to the dynamic process where a regulator employs specific strategies to alleviate a target's distress. It remains unclear whether successful IER could facilitate interpersonal relationship closeness (IRC). The present study aimed to explore whether successful IER, based on two typical strategies-cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES)-for down-regulating the target's negative emotions, could enhance IRC among friend dyads, and to identify the underlying neural correlates of this process using functional near-infrared spectroscopy system. Seventy-four female dyads (friends) were randomly assigned to one of two strategy groups (CR vs. ES), with one participant as the target and the other as the regulator. Our findings revealed that both strategies have down-regulated the target's negative emotions, however, CR strategy was associated with more successful IER outcomes (more improvement of the targets' negative emotions; higher IRC) than ES strategy. IER recruited the enhanced interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) of the prefrontal and temporal areas among friend dyads. CR strategy recruited higher IBS of the above-mentioned brain networks than ES strategy in down-regulating the target's sadness, and the reversed IBS pattern was found in down-regulating the target's anger, inferring that CR was more successive in IER of sadness, and ES was more effective in IER of anger. The increased IBS pattern of these brain regions played a mediational role between the effectiveness of down-regulating targets' negative emotions and the increment of IRC. Our findings revealed a neural coupling mechanism through which successful IER fostered supportive social bonds.

Experiencing trauma or other adverse life events is highly prevalent and poses a significant risk for the development of mental disorders. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and neural processes involved in trauma processing is crucial for both prevention and targeting symptoms. Especially, difficulties in emotion regulation emerge as one key mechanism implicated in the development of conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following traumatic experiences. However, neural correlates of explicit emotion regulation among individuals who have undergone trauma have not received much attention. Understanding the neural basis of dysregulated emotion following trauma could reveal important details about how trauma interferes with emotional regulation systems, informing the development of more specific intervention approaches. Therefore, this mini review summarizes current research, and identifies relevant gaps in the literature and challenges for future studies. Specifically, it provides an overview of the neural dysregulation associated with explicit emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal or suppression. Finally, it highlights promising findings from intervention studies targeting emotion regulation, such as trauma-focused exposure therapy and neurofeedback, indicating neural plasticity in individuals with traumatic experiences. Hereby, this review aims to bridge the gap between fundamental and intervention research and highlights future directions for translational research.

Background: The transition through pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum significantly impacts maternal mental health, influencing both individual and family well-being. While social support and emotion regulation serve as protective factors generally, their role and impact during periods of conflict remains understudied. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 400 Jewish mothers (up to two years postpartum) from a representative sample in Israel during a period of conflict. Participants were recruited through the Sekernet platform, a validated online survey tool in Israel. The study population included Jewish mothers up to two years postpartum, aged 18-45, without a history of diagnosed mental health disorders. Inclusion criteria specified mothers aged 18-45 and within two years postpartum, while exclusion criteria included mothers under 18, over 45, more than two years postpartum, or with a history of diagnosed mental illness or psychiatric disorders. Using validated instruments, we assessed psychological well-being (PWB), anxiety (GAD-7), perceived stress (PSS), resilience (CD-RISC), emotion regulation strategies (ERQ), quality of life (WHO-5), social support (MSPSS), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PCL-5). Additionally, exposure to conflict-related media and direct exposure to war events were measured using self-reported questionnaires evaluating frequency and type of exposure during the conflict period. Results: Cognitive reappraisal and resilience positively correlated with psychological well-being (p < 0.01), while expressive suppression and general stress negatively correlated with both psychological well-being and quality of life (p < 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that social support significantly mediated the effects of stress on psychological well-being (β = -0.060; p < 0.05) and quality of life (β = -0.05; p < 0.05). Additionally, exposure to conflict-related media and post-traumatic stress symptoms correlated with reduced well-being and increased anxiety. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the vital roles of social support systems and adaptive emotional regulation strategies during the postpartum period, particularly in conflict settings. Healthcare providers should implement interventions that strengthen social support networks and teach adaptive emotion regulation skills to postpartum mothers in conflict zones.

Fluctuations in steroid sex hormones are associated with altered cardiac autonomic and affective functioning across the female lifespan. The neuroendocrine pathways which modulate sex hormone changes during the menstrual cycle have reciprocal interactions with the autonomic nervous system, an integral system for self-regulation and stress response. Cardiac autonomic activity is often imbalanced among individuals with mental and physical health conditions. However, it is unclear whether variations in female-typical sex hormones across the menstrual cycle significantly alter cardiac autonomic and affective stress reactivity, which may underlie menstrual-related mood and psychosomatic symptoms. The present systematic review aims to address this gap by characterizing patterns of cardiac autonomic activity at baseline, and cardiac autonomic and affective reactivity to laboratory stress tasks across the menstrual cycle in reproductive-aged women. The review was preregistered (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B2Y5Q) and conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines. Twenty studies and 28 records were identified and discussed. The study found modest support for increased cardiac sympathetic activation at baseline and in response to stress, and greater affective reactivity within the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These results expand upon prior research demonstrating cardiac autonomic imbalance and affective vulnerability within the luteal phase to show that these patterns also influence stress reactivity. Additionally, the review aims to identify notable methodological limitations and gaps within this body of literature and suggests areas of future research to clarify the role of cardiac autonomic and affective processes in steroid sex hormone-related symptomatology.

The association between religion/spirituality and emotion regulation has been the subject of growing interest in the last years since studies have suggested that emotion regulation is likely to be shaped by religion/spirituality. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the quantitative empirical studies toward understanding the relationship between religion/spirituality and emotion regulation. Database searches were conducted in different databases from inception to March 2022 using relevant search terms. Quantitative studies exploring the role of religion/spirituality on emotion regulation were included in this review. Of 887 abstracts identified only 15 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. Studies were organized in terms of associations between religion/spirituality and emotion regulation according to religious affiliation, associations between religion/spirituality and emotion regulation regardless of religious affiliation, and emotion regulation as a mediator between religion/spirituality and several psychological-related outcomes. Overall, the findings revealed small to moderate associations between religion and emotion regulation, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.13 to 0.50 for cognitive reappraisal, 0.08 to - 0.72 for expressive suppression, and - 0.09 to 0.56 for other emotion regulation dimensions. Furthermore, most studies highlighted emotion regulation as a key mechanism linking religion/spirituality to psychological outcomes across diverse contexts. Differences in emotion regulation strategies have been examined in a few religious affiliations and most of the studies explored the link between religion/spirituality and emotion regulation regardless of religious affiliation.

Social-emotional skills are essential in everyday interaction and develop in early and middle childhood. However, there is no German instrument to help primary school students identify their strengths and weaknesses in different social-emotional skills that does not rely on written language. This paper introduces a new digital instrument, the GraSEF: Grazer Screening to assess Social-Emotional Skills, which was developed to measure (1) Behavior in Social Situations, (2) Prosocial Behavior, (3) Emotion Regulation Strategies, (4) Emotion Recognition and (5) Self-Perception of Emotions using different test formats (e.g., situational judgement test, self-assessment, performance tests). In the GraSEF, students work through an online survey tool, using audio instructions to guide them through the test.

The present study analyses the responses of second graders (M age = 8.23 years, SD age = 0.48, 48% female). The intention was to gain initial insight into the instrument's psychometric quality and user-friendliness.

In general, the instrument was found to have acceptable to good internal consistency, sufficient discriminatory power and item difficulty. However, one subtest (5: Self-Perception of Emotions), as well as three situations of the situational judgment test (1: Behavior in Social Situations), were excluded due to unsatisfactory fit and distribution. The validity check revealed low to moderate correlations between teacher rating and student scores. On average, students completed the screening in about 30 min and provided positive feedback regarding usability.

While the small sample size only provides preliminary insight into the instrument's psychometric quality, the results suggest that the GraSEF can reliably measure various dimensions of social-emotional skills in second graders, even among those with low reading skills.

Families are faced with enormous challenges in caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over a lifetime. As the main caregiver of children, mothers who have children with autism are in poor health compared to the mothers of typically developing (TD) children. Previous studies have revealed that the mental health of mothers has a direct impact on children. On the other hand, attention bias (AB) can be an important indicator of the mental status. Therefore, the characteristic of AB of mothers who have children with autism can be a window into the treatment of autism.

In this study, 28 mothers who have children with autism and 31 mothers of typically developing children completed the modified dot-probe task to explore the attention bias.

We found that there was a significant difference of AB between mothers who have children with autism and mothers of typically developing children, which indicated that mothers who have children with autism tend to avoid negative emotional words.

The current study illuminates the attentional characteristics of mothers who have children with autism toward emotional words, which provides a new starting point for the intervention of mothers of children with autism.