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Amirabdolahian S, Pare G, Tams S. Digital Wellness Programs in the Workplace: Meta-Review. J Med Internet Res 2025; 27:e70982. [PMID: 40085840 PMCID: PMC11953596 DOI: 10.2196/70982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corporate wellness programs are increasingly using digital technologies to promote employee health. Digital wellness programs (DWPs) refer to initiatives that deliver health interventions through digital tools. Despite a growing body of evidence on DWPs, the literature remains fragmented across multiple health domains. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of existing research on the efficacy (eg, impact on employee's physical health, mental well-being, behavioral changes, and absenteeism) and acceptability (eg, engagement, perceived usefulness, and adoption) of employer-provided DWPs. Specifically, we aim to map the extent, range, and nature of research on this topic; summarize key findings; identify gaps; and facilitate knowledge dissemination. METHODS We conducted a meta-review of studies published between 2000 and 2023. We adopted a database-driven search approach, including the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest Central, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The inclusion criteria consisted of (1) review articles; (2) publications in English, French, or German; (3) studies reporting on digital health interventions implemented in organizations; (4) studies reporting on nonclinical or preclinical employee populations; and (5) studies assessing the efficacy and acceptability of employer-provided DWPs. We performed a descriptive numerical summary and thematic analysis of the included studies. RESULTS Out of 593 nonduplicate studies screened, 29 met the inclusion criteria. The most investigated health domains included mental health (n=19), physical activity (n=8), weight management (n=6), unhealthy behavior change (n=4), and sleep management (n=2). In total, 24 reviews focused on the efficacy of DWPs, primarily in relation to health-related outcomes (eg, stress and weight), while fewer reviews addressed organization-related outcomes (eg, burnout and absenteeism). Four reviews explored the mechanisms of action, and 3 assessed the acceptability of DWPs using various measures. Overall, the findings support the efficacy and acceptability of DWPs, although significant gaps persist, particularly regarding the durability of outcomes, the role of technology, and the causal mechanisms underlying behavioral change. CONCLUSIONS While DWPs show promise across a variety of health domains, several aspects of their effectiveness remain underexplored. Practitioners should capitalize on existing evidence of successful DWPs while acknowledging the limitations in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy Pare
- Research Chair in Digital Health, HEC Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefan Tams
- Information Technology Department, HEC Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Lepers E, Levillain G, Martinent G, Nicolas M. Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Longitudinal Trajectories of Perceived Stress and Control Among Athletes in Sports Competitions. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2025; 47:47-56. [PMID: 39778560 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2024-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify distinct trajectories of perceived stress and control in athletes across a season of sports competitions and whether these trajectory memberships could be predicted by subdimensions of the emotional intelligence (EI). Latent class growth analyses were performed on a five-stage longitudinal measurement plan (to cover the entire sporting season). Four hundred fifteen athletes answered to the Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Mastery Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Attainment of Sport Achievement Goal Scale. The analyses revealed two trajectories of perceived stress (one trajectory adapted and one maladapted to performance) and two trajectories of perceived control (one trajectory adapted and one maladapted to performance). Moreover, athletes with higher emotional intelligence emotion regulation scores belong significantly more to performance-adaptive trajectories. The obtained results could contribute to the advancement of emotional intelligence intervention programs to optimize the dynamics of perceived stress and control within the sporting season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lepers
- Psy-DREPI Laboratory (EA7458), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Levillain
- Psy-DREPI Laboratory (EA7458), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Martinent
- Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport (EA 7428), University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Nicolas
- Psy-DREPI Laboratory (EA7458), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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3
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Kavak KS, Jakimovski D, Eckert SP, Patrick K, Koury SP, Benedict RH, Green SA, Weinstock-Guttman B. Resilience Among Caregivers of People With Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring the Influence of Personality Traits, Coping, and Caregiver Burden. Int J MS Care 2025; 27:15-24. [PMID: 39834853 PMCID: PMC11744479 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2024-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience has been recognized as a vital protective factor in coping with stress and adversity. Multiple sclerosis (MS) caregiving is a complex and demanding role, often characterized by challenges. METHODS Caregivers of people with MS were recruited through health care professionals affiliated with the Jacobs MS Center for Treatment and Research in Buffalo, New York. Resilience was assessed by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25) and the Health-Resilience-Stress Questionnaire (HRSQ). We examined the influence of personality traits (NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3), coping strategies (Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory), quality of life (Adult Carer Quality of Life Questionnaire), and caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview) on resilience. RESULTS In our study of 98 caregivers (70.4% men; average age, 60 years), 91.8% were partners of people with MS. Out of a maximum score of 100, CD-RISC-25 scores were an average (SD) of 75.5 (14.4) and HRSQ scores were an average of 74.8 (12.9). Quality of life was positively associated with both resilience measures (r = 0.60 for CD-RISC-25; r = 0.70 for HRSQ), whereas higher resilience was linked to lower caregiver burden (r = -0.40 for CD-RISC-25; r = -0.49 for HRSQ). CD-RISC-25 showed higher resilience negatively correlated with neuroticism (r = -0.65) and positively with extroversion (r = 0.57) and conscientiousness (r = 0.59). HRSQ also showed strong negative correlation with neuroticism (r = -0.76) and positive correlations with extroversion (r = 0.60), conscientiousness (r = 0.53), and agreeableness (r = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Caregivers for people with MS showed relatively high resilience levels, positively correlating with quality of life and reduced caregiver burden. Furthermore, resilience correlated inversely with neuroticism and positively with extroversion and conscientiousness. Future research should target personalized interventions, particularly for caregivers with low resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn S. Kavak
- From the Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- From the Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Svetlana P. Eckert
- From the Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kara Patrick
- From the Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Samantha P. Koury
- Institute of Trauma and Trauma-Informed Care, School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ralph H.B. Benedict
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Susan A. Green
- Institute of Trauma and Trauma-Informed Care, School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- From the Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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Quaedflieg CWEM, Bossi C, Bruijel J. The moderating role of conscientiousness in the temporal association of stress on sleep. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14224. [PMID: 38685740 PMCID: PMC11596995 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Personality traits have been associated with sleep problems and stress experience. However, their impact on objective sleep and the temporal relationship of stress on sleep has remained elusive. This study examined whether daytime stress predicts sleep the following night, and the moderating role of neuroticism and conscientiousness in this relationship. To introduce stress variability in natural daily stressors, we measured college students (N = 92) during exams (e.g. high academic stress) and at the start of new course period (e.g. low academic stress). Both objective (actigraphy) and subjective sleep, and daily self-reported stress, were measured for 14 days and personality traits once. Reported daily stress was significantly higher in the exam period compared with baseline, suggesting that our natural manipulation did indeed result in variation in stress levels. Intra-individual daily variations in stress were not associated with the following night's sleep timing, duration or fragmentation, implying that more stress during the day did not affect sleep the following night. Higher levels of neuroticism were associated with poorer daily subjective sleep quality and higher stress levels over the complete period. Neuroticism did not moderate the temporal association of stress on sleep. Conscientiousness moderated the association between intra-individual stress and sleep fragmentation, and intra-individual stress and wake-up time. This implied that highly conscientious participants experienced less sleep fragmentation and woke-up earlier after more stressful days. These results suggest an interconnected relationship among stress, sleep and personality. Focusing on one aspect, like handling stress or enhancing sleep quality, might yield positive effects on the rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conny W. E. M. Quaedflieg
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Camilla Bossi
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jessica Bruijel
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Limburg Brain Injury CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Ibrahim F, Schumacher J, Schwandt L, Herzberg PY. The first shot counts the most: Tactical breathing as an intervention to increase marksmanship accuracy in student officers. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 36:689-700. [PMID: 37733483 PMCID: PMC11622642 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2258737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of tactical breathing (breath-based stress management) on marksmanship performance in a randomized between-subjects design. The total of n = 100 participants (18% female) were all student soldiers and randomly assigned to the intervention group (tactical breathing) or the control group. In the German Armed Forces shooting simulator, participants shot ten rounds at ten meters with the P8 (Heckler and Koch). In addition, the effect of neuroticism, fear of failure, and resilience on shooting performance and the interaction of those traits with the experimental condition were examined. Overall, the total hit score showed a strong ceiling effect, so the more difficult initial hit was primarily used as a performance criterion. None of the personality traits significantly affected the initial hit, and there were no interactions between the experimental condition and the personality traits. However, there was a significant difference in initial hit between the control and experimental group, as the tactical breathing group shot an average of 1.9 points better, t(98) = 8.489, p < .001, d = 1.698. Considering the initial shot, which was more difficult due to the uncocked trigger, tactical breathing proved to be an effective method for increasing marksmanship performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ibrahim
- Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität / Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg: Helmut-Schmidt-Universitat Universitat der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schumacher
- Helmut-Schmidt-Universität / Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg: Helmut-Schmidt-Universitat Universitat der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Schwandt
- Helmut-Schmidt-Universität / Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg: Helmut-Schmidt-Universitat Universitat der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Yorck Herzberg
- Helmut-Schmidt-Universität / Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg: Helmut-Schmidt-Universitat Universitat der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Li SCS, Zeng HK, Lo SY. Adopting the risk information seeking and processing model to examine the impact of personality on vaccination intentions in Taiwan. Soc Sci Med 2024; 353:117064. [PMID: 38941726 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Using the risk information seeking and processing model, this study examined how five personality traits-extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and agreeableness-influenced individuals' information-seeking behaviors and vaccination intentions. An online survey was administered by a reputable polling company commissioned by this study. The survey employed age, education, gender, and income as distinct strata for sampling, which resulted in 1100 valid questionnaires. The following five conclusions were drawn from the data analysis: (1) Of the five personality traits, two-extraversion and conscientiousness-exhibited a notable impact on individuals' information-seeking behaviors and vaccination intentions. Individuals with the remaining three personality traits-neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness to experience-demonstrate either passive or no information-seeking behaviors on COVID-19. (2) Conscientiousness was the only personality trait linked to increased awareness of COVID-19 characteristics. Moreover, conscientious individuals were inclined to avoid depending on ISNs to seek COVID-19 information and developed vaccination intentions. In contrast, individuals high in agreeableness heavily depended on ISNs for COVID-19 information to initiate information-seeking behaviors. Meanwhile, individuals high in extraversion relied on two variables-affective responses and ISNs-to begin their information-seeking behaviors. (3) Respondents' perceptions of COVID-19 characteristics and their affective responses did not positively influence their perceived information insufficiency directly; instead, both needed to be mediated by ISNs to initiate their information-seeking behaviors. (4) In contrast to the two variables-perceived COVID-19 characteristics and affective responses-this study found that ISNs regarding COVID-19 played a more substantial role in shaping respondents' information-seeking behaviors and vaccination intentions. (5) Unexpectedly, openness to experience was found to have no impact on information-seeking behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chu Sarrina Li
- Institute of Communication Studies, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Huai-Kuan Zeng
- Institute of Applied Arts, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shih-Yu Lo
- Institute of Communication Studies, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, ROC.
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Van der Hallen R, De Pauw SSW, Prinzie P. Coping, (mal)adaptive personality and identity in young adults: A network analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:736-749. [PMID: 36794427 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Coping, personality, and identity are three well-known constructs within the field of psychology. Yet, findings regarding how these constructs relate to each other have been inconsistent. The present study employs network analysis to investigate coping, adaptive and maladaptive personality, and identity and how they are related, using data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality, and Development (FSPPD; Prinzie et al., 2003; 1999-current). Young adults (N = 457; 47% male), aged between 17-23 years old, completed a survey on coping, adaptive and maladaptive personality, and identity. Results indicate clear associations between coping and both adaptive and maladaptive personality within the network, suggesting coping and personality are distinct, yet highly related constructs whereas identity proved largely unrelated. Potential implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Van der Hallen
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, PA, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah S W De Pauw
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, PA, The Netherlands
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Omidvar S, Khajavi N, Pasha H, Mohsenzadeh Ledari F, Sepidarkish M, Adib-Rad H, Ezoji K. Do health-promoting lifestyle approaches manage mental health among adolescent/young college students? Int J Adolesc Med Health 2024; 36:177-186. [PMID: 38563733 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2024-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES College students are often still relatively young, making their mental health more likely to be overlooked. A healthy lifestyle is considered the key to preventing and controlling mental health problems nowadays. This study aimed to investigate whether health-promoting lifestyle approaches manage mental health among adolescent/young college students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 187 adolescent/young college students at Babol Medical Science University, Babol, Iran. Characteristic demographics, health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP), and general health questionnaire-28(GHQ-28) were filled out by students. The data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and simple and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS The majority of participants were adolescents (66.8%), single (97.9%), and bachelor's students (70.1%). The mean of the HPLP and GHQ scores was 125.09±18.12, and 33.58±10.50, respectively. HPLP was a negative significant predictor of mental health (β = -.261, P= .0001). There was a negative significant association between HPLP dimensions (except physical activity) and mental health. After adjusting for other variables, there was a significant relationship between HPLP with mother occupation (β =.186, P=.038), and mother education (β = -.219, P= .034). Furthermore, gender (β = .175, P= .031), and occupation (β =-.157, P= .040) were predictors of GHQ in adolescent/young college students. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the health-promoting lifestyle situation among students and its relation with the better mental health, the design and implementation of HPLP education programs is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Omidvar
- 114456 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran
| | - Nazanin Khajavi
- 114456 Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran
| | - Hajar Pasha
- 114456 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran
- 114456 Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran
| | - Farideh Mohsenzadeh Ledari
- 114456 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- 114456 Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 114456 School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran
| | - Hajar Adib-Rad
- 114456 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran
- Population, Family and Spiritual Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Ezoji
- 114456 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran
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Kyle KM, Ford BQ, Willroth EC. Personality Trait Change Across a Major Global Stressor. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672241228624. [PMID: 38388368 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241228624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The current research examined three related questions in a 21-month longitudinal study of a diverse sample of U.S. participants (N = 504): (a) How did Big Five traits change during the COVID-19 pandemic? (b) What factors were associated with individual differences in trait change? and (c) How was Big Five trait change associated with downstream well-being, mental health, and physical health? On average, across the 21-month study period, conscientiousness increased slightly, and extraversion decreased slightly. Individual trajectories varied around these average trajectories, and although few factors predicted these individual differences, greater increases in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, and greater decreases in neuroticism were associated better well-being and fewer mental and physical health symptoms. The present research provides evidence that traits can change in the context of a major global stressor and that socially desirable patterns of trait change are associated with better health.
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Bhattacharjee D, Guðjónsdóttir AR, Chova PE, Middelburg E, Jäckels J, de Groot NG, Wallner B, Massen JJ, Pflüger LS. Behavioral, physiological, and genetic drivers of coping in a non-human primate. iScience 2024; 27:108890. [PMID: 38318385 PMCID: PMC10838955 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals experience stressful situations, from predation to social conflicts, but mostly deal with them successfully. This adaptive mechanism, coping, reduces the adverse effects of stressors, and its failure may result in reduced fitness. Substantial inter-individual variation in coping is observed, yet little is known about how behavioral, physiological and genetic drivers regulate coping holistically and contribute to such variations. We assessed behavioral coping styles (n=30), emotional arousal (n=12), and personalities (n=32) of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and also investigated the association of coping with a valine/methionine polymorphism encoded by a critical human stress regulatory gene, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) (n=26). Personality and the human equivalent COMT Val/Met polymorphism were associated with "nonaggression-based" and "aggression-based" coping styles. Compared to nonaggression-based, aggression-based copers maintained higher average facial temperatures, indicating potentially lower emotional arousal, as measured using infrared thermography. These findings demonstrate a complex interplay of various proximate mechanisms governing coping in a non-human primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debottam Bhattacharjee
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aníta Rut Guðjónsdóttir
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Escriche Chova
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esmee Middelburg
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jana Jäckels
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natasja G. de Groot
- Department of Comparative Genetics & Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Wallner
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Research Center for Primatology, Ossiach 16, 9570 Ossiach, Austria
| | - Jorg J.M. Massen
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Austrian Research Center for Primatology, Ossiach 16, 9570 Ossiach, Austria
| | - Lena S. Pflüger
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Research Center for Primatology, Ossiach 16, 9570 Ossiach, Austria
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11
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Kiive E, Kanarik M, Veidebaum T, Harro J. Neuropeptide Y gene variants and Agreeableness: interaction effect with the birth cohort and the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024; 36:1-8. [PMID: 37070394 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a powerful regulator of anxious states, including social anxiety, but evidence from human genetic studies is limited. Associations of common gene variants with behaviour have been described as subject to birth cohort effects, especially if the behaviour is socially motivated. This study aimed to examine the association of NPY rs16147 and rs5574 with personality traits in highly representative samples of two birth cohorts of young adults, the samples having been formed during a period of rapid societal transition. METHODS Both birth cohorts (original n = 1238) of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS) self-reported personality traits of the five-factor model at 25 years of age. RESULTS A significant interaction effect of the NPY rs16147 and rs5574 and birth cohort on Agreeableness was found. The T/T genotype of NPY rs16147 resulted in low Agreeableness in the older cohort (born 1983) and in high Agreeableness in the younger cohort (born 1989). The C/C genotype of NPY rs5574 was associated with higher Agreeableness in the younger but not in the older cohort. In the NPY rs16147 T/T homozygotes, the deviations from average in Agreeableness within the birth cohort were dependent on the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS The association between the NPY gene variants and a personality domain reflecting social desirability is subject to change qualitatively in times of rapid societal changes, serving as an example of the relationship between the plasticity genes and environment. The underlying mechanism may involve the development of the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kiive
- Division of Special Education, Department of Education, University of Tartu, Jakobi 5, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Kanarik
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Amestoy ME, D'Amico D, Fiocco AJ. Neuroticism and Stress in Older Adults: The Buffering Role of Self-Esteem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6102. [PMID: 37372689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is associated with accelerated aging and poor health outcomes in older adults. According to the Transactional Model of Stress (TMS), distress is experienced when one perceives the stressor, or threat, to outweigh the ability to cope. The experience of distress is correlated with trait neuroticism, which is associated with greater perceptions of stress and stress reactivity, as well as a tendency to engage in maladaptive coping strategies. However, as individual personality traits do not act in isolation, this study aimed to investigate the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between neuroticism and distress using a TMS framework. METHODS A total of 201 healthy older adults (Mage = 68.65 years) completed questionnaires measuring self-esteem, neuroticism, perceived stress, and positive coping. RESULTS Greater neuroticism was significantly associated with less positive coping at low (b = -0.02, p < 0.001) and mean self-esteem levels (b = -0.01, p < 0.001), but not at high self-esteem levels (b = -0.01, p = 0.06). No moderating effect was found for perceived stress or overall distress. CONCLUSION The results support the association between trait neuroticism and indices of stress and suggest a potential buffering effect of self-esteem in moderating the negative association between neuroticism and positive coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya E Amestoy
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Danielle D'Amico
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Alexandra J Fiocco
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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13
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Brody GH, Yu T, Miller GE, Chen E. Longitudinal links between early adolescent temperament and inflammation among young black adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 152:106077. [PMID: 36931166 PMCID: PMC10201910 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
A large body of research demonstrates that inflammation is involved in physical health problems that cause substantial morbidity and early mortality. Given inflammation's role in the etiology of chronic diseases, pediatric scientists have begun to study childhood factors that presage elevation of inflammatory biomarkers later in life. The purpose of this study was to test hypotheses designed to determine whether early adolescent emotionally intense and low attention temperaments forecast (a) inflammation at ages 25 and 29 years and (b) worsening levels of inflammation between these two data points. Toward this end, 307 Black children from the rural southeastern United States participated in an 18-year longitudinal study (mean age at baseline, 11.2 years) to determine whether and how early adolescent's behavioral styles or emotionally intense and low attention temperaments may be associated with absolute and worsening levels of inflammation in young adulthood. When children were 11-13 years of age, different teachers at each age provided assessments of emotionally intense and low attention temperaments. Thus, multiple measures of the same temperament constructs were obtained across 3 years for each participant. At age 25, participants provided data on their self-regulation abilities. Peripheral blood was collected at ages 25 and 29 years from which inflammation was quantified, using soluble urokinase plasminogen activator (suPAR), the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Covariates associated with inflammation in prior studies were also assessed; these included socioeconomic risk, gender, cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI), adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), depressive symptoms, and medication use. An early adolescent emotionally intense temperament was associated directly with higher suPAR and cytokine levels at age 29, and with worsening cytokine levels between ages 25 and 29. A low attention temperament was associated with suPAR levels at age 29. Collectively, these observations highlight pathways that could underlie health risks associated with early adolescent temperaments. The findings suggest that emotionally intense and low-attention early adolescent temperaments forecast higher and worsening inflammation levels across young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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14
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Yoneda T, Lozinski T, Turiano N, Booth T, Graham EK, Mroczek D, Muniz Terrera G. The Big Five personality traits and allostatic load in middle to older adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105145. [PMID: 36996993 PMCID: PMC10106433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Further understanding of the associations between personality traits and allostatic load (AL) may be important for predicting, addressing, and optimizing health outcomes. This review synthesized the existing literature reporting the association between the Big Five personality traits and AL in adults to identify the generalizability and robustness of relationships, potential mechanisms underlying the associations, and study characteristics that may be contributing to inconsistencies in the field. Published and unpublished empirical reports were included if at least one of the Big Five traits was examined and an AL index was constructed using at least two biomarkers in a sample of adults. The methodological plan and standardized coding guide were pre-registered and reported (https://osf.io/rxw5a). Based on 11 studies that met eligibility, meta-analysis of correlation coefficients indicated a small but significant positive association between neuroticism and AL, and small but significant inverse associations between both conscientiousness and openness with AL. This review identifies strengths and limitations within the field, as well as several avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiko Yoneda
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, USA.
| | | | | | - Tom Booth
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eileen K Graham
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Graciela Muniz Terrera
- Department of Social Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA; Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Trait anxiety predicts pro-environmental values and climate change action. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Li J, Qi G, Liu Y. Anxiety and depression in thymoma patients in China before surgery. J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 17:313. [PMID: 36527139 PMCID: PMC9756615 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-022-02081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study's goal was to investigate the percentage of anxiety and depression in Chinese thymoma patients before surgery, and also the factors that influence it. METHODS The study included patients who had an anterior mediastinal mass discovered by chest CT and were scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The mental health rating scales were completed by all patients before surgery. Patients were divided into two groups based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): anxiety/depression and non-anxiety/depression. The association between thymoma clinical factors and the HADS score was studied statistically. RESULTS The study comprised eighty patients with thymoma. Before the operation, 22.5% (18/80) of the patients had anxiety and/or depression. The resigned coping style characteristics, along with myasthenia gravis (MG), were associated with preoperative anxiety and depression. The greater the score of the resigned dimension, the greater the risk of anxiety and depression, based on the results of logical regression analysis. Thymoma patients with myasthenia gravis have a higher risk of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Patients with myasthenia gravis and resigned coping style were found to have higher anxiety and depression before surgery for Chinese thymoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaduo Li
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People’s Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province China
| | - Guoyan Qi
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People’s Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province China
| | - Yaling Liu
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People’s Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province China
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17
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Personality traits affect anticipatory stress vulnerability and coping effectiveness in occupational critical care situations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20965. [PMID: 36470906 PMCID: PMC9722917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the influence of personality on both anticipatory stress vulnerability and the effectiveness of coping strategies in an occupational stressful context. Following assessment of individual personality traits (Big Five Inventory), 147 volunteers were exposed to the anticipation of a stressful event. Anxiety and cardiac reactivity were assessed as markers of vulnerability to anticipatory stress. Participants were then randomly assigned to three groups and subjected to a 5-min intervention: relaxation breathing, relaxation breathing combined with cardiac biofeedback, and control. The effectiveness of coping interventions was determined through the cardiac coherence score achieved during the intervention. Higher neuroticism was associated with higher anticipatory stress vulnerability, whereas higher conscientiousness and extraversion were related to lower anticipatory stress vulnerability. Relaxation breathing and biofeedback coping interventions contributed to improve the cardiac coherence in all participants, albeit with greater effectiveness in individuals presenting higher score of openness to experience. The present findings demonstrated that personality traits are related to both anticipatory stress vulnerability and effectiveness of coping interventions. These results bring new insights into practical guidelines for stress prevention by considering personality traits. Specific practical applications for health professionals, who are likely to manage stressful situations daily, are discussed.
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18
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Cohen-Louck K, Zvi L. A Model for Predicting Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder due to Exposure to Chronic Political Violence: Big Five Personality Traits, Ego-Resiliency, and Coping. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP23241-NP23261. [PMID: 35337199 PMCID: PMC9679561 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research on psychological effects of exposure to political violence has focused mainly on the effect of environmental factors whereas the effect of individual differences is understudied. The present study offers an integrative model of the contribution of personality traits, ego-resiliency, and coping styles to post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptomatology of civilians exposed to chronic political violence. Three-hundred and thirty-two Israeli citizens living in the south region of Israel were asked to report their experience with different types of political violence incidents, their coping strategies, and PTS symptoms. The participants were also asked to complete the Big Five personality Inventory and Ego-Resiliency Scale. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis indicated that ego-resiliency and emotion-focused coping mediate the relationship between big five personality traits and levels of stress symptoms. It is suggested that neurotic people are more vulnerable to PTS due to low levels of ego-resiliency and a preference to use emotion-focused coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Cohen-Louck
- Keren Cohen-Louck, Department of
Criminology, Ariel University, Kiryat hamada, Ariel 40700, Israel.
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19
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Turjeman-Levi Y, Kluger AN. Sensory-processing sensitivity versus the sensory-processing theory: Convergence and divergence. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1010836. [PMID: 36533027 PMCID: PMC9752870 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1010836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two individual-difference theories focus on sensory sensitivity: one emanating from psychology-sensory-processing-sensitivity (SPS); and one from occupational therapy-sensory processing theory (SP). Each theory is coupled with its measure: the highly-sensitive-person scale (HSPS) and the adolescent adult sensory profile (ASP). The constructs of both theories were claimed to be independent of neuroticism. To assess the convergence of these measures, we recruited participants from a general population and a Facebook Group dedicated to people high in SPS. The participants, N = 1,702 M age = 26.9 (66.7% female), answered the HSPS, ASP, and neuroticism questionnaires. We subjected the HSPS and the APS to exploratory graph analysis. To assess the divergence of these measures from neuroticism, we performed meta-analyses. We also used a subsample obtained in an unrelated study, N = 490, to correlate HSPS and APS with the Big Five and additional measures. The results suggested that (a) the latent structure of these measures conforms to the theories only partially, (b) some of the sub-scales of these two measures correlated highly, r = 0.63, but low enough to suggest divergence, (c) both differentially predict membership in a Facebook group, and (d) both are not isomorphic with neuroticism. We concluded that HSPS primarily measures the emotional reaction to sensory stimulation, whereas ASP the behavioral reactions. We offer shorter yet reliable measures for both theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Turjeman-Levi
- The Hebrew University Business School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Gashi D, Gallopeni F, Imeri G, Shahini M, Bahtiri S. The relationship between big five personality traits, coping strategies, and emotional problems through the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 36406846 PMCID: PMC9660183 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Considering the impact of pandemic condition on mental health and functioning in daily life, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Big Five personality traits, coping strategies and emotional problems such as symptoms of depression and anxiety, during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to create a model of the impact of coping strategies as mediating factors in the relationship between Big Five personality traits personality traits and emotional problems. For the purposes of this study, a sample of 200 Kosovar respondents was used, where the age of the participants varies from 18 to 54 years. As a result of the pandemic situation created, the method of data collection for this study was done in the form of self-reporting, divided into physical questionnaires and online ones. The BFI Personality Inventory is used to classify Big Five personality traits, the Coping Control Checklist (WCCL) to classify coping strategies, and the Adult Self-Reporting Questionnaire (ASR) used to identify emotional problems. The analysis of the results in this study was done by means of the statistical package of SPSS and R program. After the analysis, it is seen that there is a significant correlation between Big Five personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism) and coping strategies (seeking social support and avoidance), as well as there is a correlation between Big Five personality traits (compliance and neuroticism) and emotional problems (symptoms of anxiety and depression). An association was also found between coping strategies (avoidance) and emotional problems (anxiety symptoms). As for gender differences in experiencing anxiety and depression symptoms and using desired thoughts as coping strategies, it was found that women are more predisposed to experience anxiety symptoms and use desired thoughts than men. The findings highlighted the part that coping strategies are significant mediator factors in the relationship between Big Five personality traits and emotional problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shegë Bahtiri
- Heimerer College, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Institute of Southeast Europe for Health and Social Policy, ISEE HSP, Prishtine, Kosovo
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21
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Vachhrajani M, Mishra SK, Rai H, Paliwal A. The direct and indirect effect of neuroticism on work engagement of nurses during COVID-19: A temporal analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:947887. [PMID: 36304847 PMCID: PMC9592722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.947887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare professionals such as nurses faced a tough time during the pandemic. Despite the personal and professional challenges, they contributed immensely during the pandemic. However, there were variations in nurses' work engagement during the pandemic. One reason could be their personality, especially neuroticism. Neuroticism represents individuals' proneness to distress in stressful situations, such as COVID-19. Hence, understanding how and in which conditions neuroticism influences work engagement is crucial. We used the Job Demand-Resource (JD-R) model to test the association between neuroticism and work engagement. As neuroticism represents the stress-proneness of an individual, we further investigated if stress mediates the neuroticism-work engagement link. For the nurses, patient interaction is an integral part of their job. Based on the data collected from the nurses, we tested if contact with patients (i.e., beneficiary contact) alleviates the adverse effect of neuroticism on work engagement. During COVID-19, there was an intense need for nursing support. Hence, avoiding duty when society is looking for support might induce a fear of stigmatization among the nurses. We examined if the perceived stigma of duty avoidance would affect the neuroticism-engagement relationship. Our results indicated that higher patient contact alleviated the adverse effect of neuroticism on work engagement. On the other hand, higher fear of stigma exacerbated the adverse effect of neuroticism on work engagement. We further checked the combined effect of beneficiary contact and fear of stigma on neuroticism-work engagement relationships. The findings highlighted the importance of societal factors and policymakers in enhancing nurses' work engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Himanshu Rai
- Indian Institute of Management Indore, Indore, India
| | - Amit Paliwal
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, New Delhi, India
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22
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Kräplin A, Kupka KF, Fröhner JH, Krönke KM, Wolff M, Smolka MN, Bühringer G, Goschke T. Personality Traits Predict Non-Substance Related and Substance Related Addictive Behaviours. SUCHT 2022. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Aims: To examine whether personality traits predict the course of addictive behaviours in general and whether predictive associations differ between non-substance related (NR) and substance related (SR) addictive behaviours. Methodology: We recruited 338 individuals (19–27 y, 59 % female) from a random community sample with NR, SR, or no DSM-5 addictive disorder. Predictors were the Big Five personality traits (NEO-FFI) and reward and punishment sensitivity (BIS/BAS questionnaire). Outcomes were the slopes of addictive behaviours (i. e., quantity, frequency, and number of DSM-5 criteria) over three years. Bayesian multiple regressions were used to analyse the probabilities for each hypothesis. Results: The evidence that higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, lower agreeableness, higher extraversion, lower openness, higher reward sensitivity, and lower punishment sensitivity predict increased addictive behaviours over time was, overall, moderate to high (69 % to 99 %) and varied by trait and outcome. Predictive associations were mostly higher for NR compared with SR addictive behaviours. Conclusions: Personality traits predict the course of addictive behaviours, but associations were only about half as large as expected. While some personality traits, such as lower conscientiousness, predict increases in both NR and SR addictive behaviours over time, others, such as lower punishment sensitivity, seem to specifically predict increases in NR addictive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kräplin
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Max Wolff
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- MIND Foundation, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Bühringer
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Goschke
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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23
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Kokkinos CM, Voulgaridou I. The indirect effects of pre-adolescents’ personality on shyness through emotion regulation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos M. Kokkinos
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioanna Voulgaridou
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Education Sciences in Early Childhood, School of Education Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- School of Humanities, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
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24
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Cybulska AM, Rachubińska K, Stanisławska M, Grochans S, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Grochans E. Analysis of Factors Related to Mental Health, Suppression of Emotions, and Personality Influencing Coping with Stress among Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9777. [PMID: 36011413 PMCID: PMC9408163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) The specificity of a nurse's work, apart from performing medical procedures, is characterized by intensive contacts with other people. Stress is an inevitable part of a nurse's job and can affect their physical and mental health. Thus, strategies for coping with stress play an important role in improving health or well-being by reducing the level of stress. (2) The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of coping strategies in predicting the overall health of nurses. The study also assessed the impact of personality traits and emotional control (anger, depression, anxiety) on the choice of coping with stress among nurses. (3) The study included 811 nurses from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, with an average age of 40 (SD = 9.8), working mainly in hospitals (82%). The research was carried out with a diagnostic survey method, using the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations questionnaire, NEO-Five Factor Inventor, Courtland Emotional Control Care Scale, General Health Questionnaire 30, and a demographic questionnaire. (4) Among the surveyed nurses, the dominant style of coping with stress was the style focused on emotions (MT 0.43), followed by the style focused on avoidance (MT 0.42). There were mental problems among 46.1% of the respondents. Nurses with mental problems according to GHQ-30 were characterized by a high intensity of coping styles focused on emotions (30.2%), avoiding (18.7%), and engaging in alternative activities (32.3%) (p = 0.000). (5) Most of the surveyed nurses have a tendency to cope with stress through an emotional-focused style, which may be associated with a higher level of occupational stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Rachubińska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marzanna Stanisławska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Szymon Grochans
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
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25
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Raja U, Jahanzeb S, Malik MAR, Baig MUA. Dispositional causes of burnout, satisfaction, and performance through the fear of COVID-19 during times of pandemic. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2022; 72:APPS12417. [PMID: 35942401 PMCID: PMC9349792 DOI: 10.1111/apps.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rooted in research into personality, we propose that the Big Five traits would be related to fear of COVID-19 (FOC), which in turn would lead to heightened job burnout, reduced job satisfaction, and decreased performance. Utilizing a three-wave time-lagged design, we collected our data from employees working in the United States and Canada (N = 300 × 3). We found good support for our hypotheses. Extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness had significant direct effects on FOC. Fear of COVID-19 was positively related to job burnout and negatively related to job satisfaction and performance. Extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness had significant indirect effects on burnout, job satisfaction, and job performance via FOC. Hence, this study identifies a key mechanism, an individual's worry about losing their valuable resources (e.g. their health, and that of their family members and friends, etc.), through which selected dimensions of personality might affect employees' work outcomes. We discuss our findings and provide suggestions for future research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Raja
- Goodman School of BusinessBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Sadia Jahanzeb
- Goodman School of BusinessBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
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26
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Luo J, Zhang B, Cao M, Roberts BW. The Stressful Personality: A Meta-Analytical Review of the Relation Between Personality and Stress. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022; 27:128-194. [PMID: 35801622 DOI: 10.1177/10888683221104002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study presented the first meta-analytic review on the associations between the Big Five personality traits and stress measured under different conceptualizations (stressor exposure, psychological and physiological stress responses) using a total of 1,575 effect sizes drawn from 298 samples. Overall, neuroticism was found to be positively related to stress, whereas extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were negatively linked to stress. When stress assessed under different conceptualizations was tested, only neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were related to stressor exposure. All of the Big Five personality traits were significantly associated with psychological stress perception, whereas the five personality traits showed weak to null associations with physiological stress response. Further moderation analyses suggested that the associations between personality traits and stress under different conceptualizations were also contingent upon different characteristics of stress, sample, study design, and measures. The results supported the important role of personality traits in individual differences in stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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Cushing N, Meehan C, Norris K. Resilience in animal care professions: does the stress shield model fit? Aust Vet J 2022; 100:513-525. [PMID: 35698265 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Animal care professionals can experience adverse psychological outcomes due to their work, therefore research exploring supporting resilience in this population is needed. This study investigated the capacity of the Stress Shield Model (SSM) to explain relationships between individual, interpersonal, and organisational factors with outcomes in resilience (resilience, growth, and job satisfaction) in animal care professionals. Empowerment was hypothesised to mediate these relationships. Australian and New Zealand animal care professionals (N = 393) completed an online survey measuring conscientiousness, coping, team and leader relationships, job demands, organisational resources, empowerment, growth, resilience, and job satisfaction. Results indicated that SSM can partially explain relationships between individual, interpersonal, and organisational factors and outcomes in resilience, and empowerment partially mediated the effect of organisational resources on growth. Problem-approach coping positively predicted resilience and growth; conversely, emotion-avoidant coping negatively predicted these outcomes. Conscientiousness positively predicted resilience and negatively predicted job satisfaction. Team relationships positively predicted growth and resilience, while leader-member relationships positively predicted job satisfaction. Organisational resources positively predicted resilience, growth, and job satisfaction, conversely, job demands predicted reductions across these outcomes. Findings indicate supporting resilience in animal care professionals requires fostering individual, interpersonal, and organisational resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cushing
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - C Meehan
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - K Norris
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
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Čopec D, Karlović Vragolov M, Buško V. Individual Dispositions and Situational Stressors in Competitive Sport: The Role of Stress Mindset in the Cognitive Appraisals Processes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:829053. [PMID: 35686072 PMCID: PMC9172935 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.829053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality has widely been documented to play an important role in the cognitive appraisal and stress processes. Emerging studies highlight the stress mindset as a new concept that could add to the understanding of individual differences in stress experiences. This study aimed to examine the relative contribution of Big Five personality dimensions and stress mindset in accounting for measures of cognitive appraisals of stress among the competing athletes. The study was conducted on a sample of 125 collegiate athletes of both genders who actively compete in sport. All the participants were regular undergraduate or graduate students at the Faculty of Kinesiology of the University of Zagreb. A questionnaire including demographic information about athletes and their sport career, stress mindset measure (SMM), situation-specific cognitive appraisal scale, sources of stress scale, and personality scale measured by IPIP-50 was administered in an online form using the Google Forms platform. Multivariate hierarchical regression procedures resulted in somewhat different predictor structures accounting for cognitive appraisals of threat, loss, and challenge, used as criterion variables. The set of Big Five personality dimensions and stress mindset measure proved to have a significant additive contribution to the explanation of each of the three cognitive appraisal criterion variances. The study results support the current body of literature suggesting a unique role of the stress mindset construct in explaining individual differences in cognitive stress appraisal among athletes above and beyond general personality dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matea Karlović Vragolov
- Department of Kinesiological Anthropology and Methodology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Matea Karlović Vragolov
| | - Vesna Buško
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Staneva A, Carmignani F, Rohde N. Personality, gender, and age resilience to the mental health effects of COVID-19. Soc Sci Med 2022; 301:114884. [PMID: 35344776 PMCID: PMC8915456 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on different population cohorts and which personality traits affected individual's coping responses can help identify strategies to promote self-directed behaviours, thereby enhancing and maintaining individual's mental well-being. OBJECTIVE Using longitudinal data for the UK, we examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals' mental well-being, focusing on age, gender, and personality traits as possible modifiers. METHODS We explore the longitudinal nature of the data using individual fixed effects models, which implicitly control for unobserved time-invariant individual-level characteristics. Our sample is an unbalanced panel consisting of 373,555 person-years observations, observed from 2009 until June 2020. RESULTS The negative impacts of the first months of the pandemic period are found to be larger for young adults (aged 16-25 years) and vary by personality traits. The increase in psychological distress symptoms is more pronounced for individuals who score higher in neuroticism, extroversion, and openness to experience. Indeed, for introverted young people, recent events may have actually brought a sense of calm. Other findings indicate that worsening in the psychological distress level occurs alongside with increased feelings of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the theoretical knowledge that different people have different psychological and behaviour responses and personality concepts can be used when studying individual's adaptive behaviour in critical situations such as COVID-19. Our results indicate the necessity of public health programmes to assist distressed young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Staneva
- Griffith University, Griffith Business School, Australia.
| | | | - Nicholas Rohde
- Griffith University, Griffith Business School, Australia
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Pathways Linking the Big Five to Psychological Distress: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Stress Mindset and Coping Flexibility. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092272. [PMID: 35566398 PMCID: PMC9105170 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality affects the vulnerability to the emotional symptoms of depression and anxiety. This study investigated whether stress mindset (general belief about the nature of stress) and coping flexibility (the ability to terminate ineffective coping strategies and adopt alternative ones) mediate the relations of the Big Five personality traits to psychological distress. A total of 260 undergraduate students (60.4% female) in Singapore completed self-reported questionnaires. A series of path analyses was performed. Firstly, a dual-pathway model of stress coping was established, which consisted of (a) a stress-threat-distress pathway where a stress-is-a-threat mindset mediated the association between stressful experiences and psychological distress and (b) a challenge-flexibility-enhancement pathway where coping flexibility mediated the relation of a stress-is-a-challenge mindset to a lower level of psychological distress, without being influenced by stressful experiences. Furthermore, Neuroticism was associated with the stress-threat-distress pathway, with stressful experiences and a stress-is-a-treat mindset mediating the relation of Neuroticism to psychological distress. Conscientiousness was associated with the challenge-flexibility-enhancement pathway, with a stress-is-a-challenge mindset and coping flexibility mediating the relation of Conscientiousness to less psychological distress. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness were directly associated with greater coping flexibility. The findings enrich the literature on personality and stress coping and inform future interventions to promote mental health.
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Whole-brain white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4558. [PMID: 35296777 PMCID: PMC8927329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being. Using principal component analysis to first determine the possible personality profiles onto which core personality measures would load, we subsequently searched for whole-brain white matter correlations with these profiles. We found three personality profiles that correlated with the integrity of white matter tracts. The correlates of an “optimistic” personality profile suggest (a) an intricate network for self-referential processing that helps regulate negative affect and maintain a positive outlook on life, (b) a sustained capacity for visually tracking rewards in the environment and (c) a motor readiness to act upon the conviction that desired rewards are imminent. The correlates of a “short-term approach behavior” profile was indicative of minimal loss of integrity in white matter tracts supportive of lifting certain behavioral barriers, possibly allowing individuals to act more outgoing and carefree in approaching people and rewards. Lastly, a “long-term approach behavior” profile’s association with white matter tracts suggests lowered sensitivity to transient updates of stimulus-based associations of rewards and setbacks, thus facilitating the successful long-term pursuit of goals. Together, our findings yield convincing evidence that subjective well-being has its manifestations in the brain.
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Manipulating Stress Responses during Spaceflight Training with Virtual Stressors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) provides the ability to simulate stressors to replicated real-world situations. It allows for the creation and validation of training, therapy, and stress countermeasures in a safe and controlled setting. However, there is still much unknown about the cognitive appraisal of stressors and underlying elements. More research is needed on the creation of stressors and to verify that stress levels can be effectively manipulated by the virtual environment. The objective of this study was to investigate and validate different VR stressor levels from existing emergency spaceflight procedures. Experts in spaceflight procedures and the human stress response helped design a VR spaceflight environment and emergency fire task procedure. A within-subject experiment evaluated three stressor levels. Forty healthy participants each completed three trials (low, medium, high stressor levels) in VR to locate and extinguish a fire on the International Space Station (VR-ISS). Since stress is a complex construct, physiological data (heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, electrodermal activity) and self-assessment (workload, stress, anxiety) were collected for each stressor level. The results suggest that the environmental-based stressors can induce significantly different, distinguishable levels of stress in individuals.
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Kökçam B, Arslan C, Traş Z. Do Psychological Resilience and Emotional Intelligence Vary Among Stress Profiles in University Students? A Latent Profile Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 12:788506. [PMID: 35153911 PMCID: PMC8832065 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.788506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus/COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant changes in the lifestyle of students. However, despite an extensive study of students’ life stress using a non-comprehensive scale and variable-centered approach, it has been little studied with a comprehensive scale and person-centered approach. Using the Student-Life Stress Inventory-revised (SSI-R), we analyzed students’ latent stress profiles and examined differences in psychological resilience and emotional intelligence by comparing stress profiles from a sample of 418 undergraduate and graduate students (aged 18–36) in various departments of eight universities in Turkey. We identified five distinct stress profiles, defined as an extremely low stress group (ELSG), a low stress group (LSG), a medium stress group (MSG), a high stress group (HSG), and an extremely high stress group (EHSG). We found that (1) MSG and HSG were similar in terms of emotional intelligence, resilience, and possession of high standards, and they reported higher levels of physiological, emotional, and behavioral reactions than ELSG and LSG; (2) MSG felt more pressure than HSG; (3) ELSG reported higher levels of emotional intelligence (wellbeing, self-control, and emotionality) than others. Also, EHSG reported lower levels of emotional intelligence (specifically self-control) than others; (4) whereas resilience was highly positively correlated to wellbeing, resilience and wellbeing were moderately negatively correlated to stress. Extremely low stress group and LSG reported higher levels of resilience than others. Medium stress group, HSG, and EHSG did not differ with regard to resilience and wellbeing. Our results suggest that, university students are able to maintain their functionality by coping up with stress in some ways, no matter how stressful they are. These findings are discussed in relation to the relevant literature.
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Liu Y, Ren X, Zeng M, Li J, Zhao X, Zhang X, Yang J. Resting-state dynamic functional connectivity predicts the psychosocial stress response. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113618. [PMID: 34610370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute stress triggers a complex cascade of psychological, physiological, and neural responses, which show large and enduring individual differences. Although previous studies have examined the relationship between the stress response and dynamic features of the brain's resting state, no study has used the brain's dynamic activity in the resting state to predict individual differences in the psychosocial stress response. In the current study, resting-state scans of forty-eight healthy participants were collected, and then their individual acute stress responses during the Montreal Imaging Stress Test (MIST) paradigm were recorded. Results defined a connectivity state (CS) characterized by positive correlations across the whole brain during resting-state that could negatively predict participants' feelings of social evaluative threat during stress tasks. Another CS characterized by negative correlations between the frontal-parietal network (FPN) and almost all other networks, except the dorsal attentional network (DAN), could predict participants' subjective stress, feelings of uncontrollability, and feelings of social evaluative threat. However, no CS could predict participants' salivary cortisol stress response. Overall, these results suggested that the brain state characterized as attentional regulation, linking self-control, and top-down regulation ability, could predict the psychosocial stress response. This study also developed an objective indicator for predicting human stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xi Ren
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuehan Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Shirish A, Chandra S, Srivastava SC. Switching to online learning during COVID-19: Theorizing the role of IT mindfulness and techno eustress for facilitating productivity and creativity in student learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wagenblast F, Seibt R, Läubli T, Rieger MA, Steinhilber B. The Influence of Neuroticism on the Muscle Response in the Trapezius and Frontalis Muscles to Anticipatory Stress. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Objective quantification of mental stress in the workplace would be beneficial for designing work tasks to avoid the negative consequences of mental stress. Methods such as surface electromyography have proven to be sensitive to mental demands. However, there is little knowledge about the muscle response and moderating factors during anticipatory stress paradigms. This study examined whether the personality dimension neuroticism moderates the muscle response to the expectation of an unpredictable electrical shock. Forty-seven subjects underwent three expectation phases, in which they could expect a pleasant audio signal (NoShock) or an electric shock in two conditions (anticipation of the first: Shock1, and second electric shock: Shock2) at an unpredictable moment. The frontalis muscle activity and the upper and upper/middle parts of the trapezius muscle were recorded using surface electromyography. Neuroticism was surveyed using the Big Five Inventory to assign the subjects to a group with lower or higher neuroticism. Shock1 only induced higher trapezius muscle activity in the higher neuroticism group, which vanished during Shock2, while the frontalis muscle showed no significant effects. The results suggest that neuroticism should be considered a moderating factor in assessing anticipatory stress using surface electromyography at the trapezius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florestan Wagenblast
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Seibt
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Läubli
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika A. Rieger
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Steinhilber
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Getzmann S, Digutsch J, Kleinsorge T. COVID-19 Pandemic and Personality: Agreeable People Are More Stressed by the Feeling of Missing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010759. [PMID: 34682500 PMCID: PMC8535900 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to contain it have substantial consequences for many people, resulting in negative effects on individual well-being and mental health. In the current study, we examined whether individual changes in perceived stress relative to pre-pandemic levels depended on differences in behavior, appraisal, and experience of pandemic-related constraints. In addition, we tested whether this potential relationship was moderated by personality traits. We conducted an online survey during the end of the first lockdown in Germany in spring 2020, and assessed pandemic-related individual consequences as well as perceived stress. These data were related to the big five personality traits and to ratings of perceived stress obtained from the same participants in a study conducted before the outbreak of the pandemic, using the same standardized stress questionnaires. There was no overall increase, but a large interindividual variety in perceived stress relative to pre-pandemic levels. Increased stress was associated especially with strong feelings of missing. This relationship was moderated by agreeableness, with more agreeable people showing a higher association of the feeling of missing and the increase of perceived stress. In addition, openness and conscientiousness were positively correlated with an increase in stress. The results highlight the importance of considering personality and individual appraisals when examining the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and well-being.
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Shaik AS, Dhir S. Dynamic modeling of strategic thinking for top management teams and its impact on firm performance: a system dynamics approach. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jmd-09-2020-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to model the strategic thinking process, considering the different psychological traits of TMTs (top management teams) and how the technological dynamism affects the strategies framed together impacting the performance of the firm.Design/methodology/approachModeling and simulation are done in this study using the system dynamics (SD) tool. The data are extracted using social media analytics, and the same is given as an input for the SDmodel, which is used for modeling and simulation of the interdependencies between the psychological factors, technological dynamism and firm performance. The analysis decodes how a change in the thinking process of a TMT has an impact on the performance of the company in an automobile market.FindingsThe study has explained how different psychological traits affect the thinking process of a TMT and how the strategies framed with this thinking behavior have an impact on firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited only to the automobile industry in India, and only partial psychological constructs were considered to examine their impact on firm performance. This study can be further extended by analyzing the same to various other industries along with many other psychological constructs.Practical implicationsThe findings identify the change in behavior of the performance due to the thinking process and technological dynamism. This helps the top management to take into consideration different factors that affect the strategies framed for the company and what are the threshold points in the system that are to be focused on during the framing of a strategy.Originality/valueThe study fills the unattended gaps in the literature regarding how the psychological traits are interdependent and how their relationship is affecting the thinking process, which is going to have an impact on the behavior of the firm performance. It also adds to the literature of systems thinking.
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Sutin AR, Aschwanden D, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. The association between facets of conscientiousness and performance-based and informant-rated cognition, affect, and activities in older adults. J Pers 2021; 90:121-132. [PMID: 34169528 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify facets of conscientiousness associated with objective cognitive performance, informant-rated cognitive decline, and informant-rated affect and activities implicated in cognitive health. METHOD Health and Retirement Study participants (N = 2,516) reported on their personality, completed a comprehensive cognitive assessment, and had knowledgeable informants report on their cognition, affect, and activities. RESULTS Industriousness and responsibility were associated with better cognitive performance; order was associated with less informant-rated cognitive decline. The facets were also associated with more positive affect, less negative affect, greater engagement in cognitive activities and activities outside the house, and less engagement in passive activities, as rated by a knowledgeable informant. Informant-rated engagement in cognitive activities mediated the association between self-reported responsibility and objective cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Tendencies toward achievement and accountability were associated with healthier cognitive performance and daily profiles that support cognitive health, whereas organization was associated with cognition as reported by a knowledgeable informant. The differential pattern of correlates is informative for the theoretical processes that link distinct facets of conscientiousness to healthier cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Conscientiousness in Pilots Correlates with Electrodermal Stability: Study on Simulated Flights under Social Stress. SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/safety7020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For pilots, the capacity to cope with anxiety is crucial during a flight since they may be confronted with stressful situations. According to the Big Five Inventory, this capacity can be modulated by two important personality traits: conscientiousness and neuroticism. The former would be related to concentration skills and the latter to the attention bias towards anxiety-provoking stimuli. Given the current development of monitoring systems for detecting the users’ state, which can be incorporated into cockpits, it is desirable to estimate their robustness to inter-individual personality differences. Indeed, several emotion recognition methods are based on physiological responses that can be modulated by specific personality profiles. The personality traits of twenty pilots were assessed. Afterwards, they performed two consecutive simulated flights without and with induced social stress while electrodermal activity was measured. Their subjective anxiety was assessed before the second flight, prior to the stress-induced condition. The results showed that higher scores in neuroticism correlated positively with cognitive and somatic anxiety. Moreover, under social stress, higher scores in conscientiousness correlated positively with electrodermal stability, i.e., a lower number of skin conductance responses. These results on both self-reported and physiological responses are in favor of the integration of personality differences into pilots’ state monitoring.
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Closeness to Parents and Experiencing Threats with COVID-19 Mediates the Link between Personality and Stress among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126358. [PMID: 34208256 PMCID: PMC8296161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: many researchers have already established that the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a threat to adolescent psychological health. Studies on the COVID-19 pandemic mainly focus on individual psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression or stress. The presented study added a family context to psychological analyses of the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescence. We examined the mediational effects of closeness to parents and perceived pandemic-related threats to relationships between personality (emotional stability and agreeableness) and stress in adolescents. Methods: in total, 413 students from secondary schools in southern Poland completed questionnaires measuring stress, personality, closeness to parents and experiencing threats with COVID-19. Results: the results demonstrated that closeness with parents in conjunction with experiencing family-related threats and threats related to lifestyle changes were mediators between adolescent personality traits and the intensity of the stress experienced. Conclusions: closeness with parents and threats experienced with COVID-19 mediate relationships between personality traits (emotional stability and agreeableness) and the intensification of stress in adolescents.
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Tang WC, Lin MP, You J, Wu JYW, Chen KC. Prevalence and psychosocial risk factors of nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1-10. [PMID: 34092987 PMCID: PMC8167308 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The research investigated the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) during the COVID-19 outbreak and identified the psychosocial risk factors among junior high school students in Taiwan. Cross-sectional design was applied and 1,060 participants (Mage = 14.66, SD = 0.86 years) were recruited into the study. The prevalence of NSSI was found to be 40.9% (95% confidence interval, 37.9%-43.9%) during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results suggested that the self-injurers group were mostly female, and scored significantly higher in neuroticism, depression, impulsivity, alexithymia, virtual social support, dissatisfaction with academic performance, and lower in subjective wellbeing, self-esteem, actual social support, and family function than the non-injurers group. In addition, high neuroticism, low self-esteem, high virtual social support, high impulsivity, and high alexithymia were independently predictive in the logistic regression analysis. The principal results of this study suggested that NSSI was extremely prevalent among adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak, and in particularly, personality and virtual environment risk factors and enhancing self-esteem should be the focus of NSSI preventive strategies when targeting this age population. Our results provide a reference towards designing NSSI prevention programs geared toward the high school population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Tang
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106 Taiwan
| | - Min-Pei Lin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106 Taiwan
| | - Jianing You
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 155 Zhongshan W. Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jo Yung-Wei Wu
- Good-Day Psychology Clinic, 5F., No. 167, Xialin Rd., South District, Tainan City, 702 Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chu Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106 Taiwan
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Andresen M, Bergdolt F. Individual and job-related antecedents of a global mindset: An analysis of international business travelers’ characteristics and experiences abroad. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2019.1588349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Andresen
- Department of Social Sciences, Economics and Business Administration, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Bergdolt
- Department of Social Sciences, Economics and Business Administration, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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Ipek E, Paulus P. The influence of personality on individuals' expatriation willingness in the context of safe and dangerous environments. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-10-2020-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which a destination's security level affects the relationship between personality traits and individuals' expatriation willingness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply an experimental vignette methodology using a 2 × 1 between subjects-design with two destinations characterized by different security levels (dangerous vs. safe) among 278 participants (students and employees). Partial least squares multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA) was employed to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings indicate that different personality variables appear to impact individuals' expatriation willingness depending on the security level of a destination: emotionality and conscientiousness predicted expatriation willingness to dangerous environments, whereas openness to experience predicted expatriation willingness to safe environments. The personality traits of honesty–humility, extraversion and agreeableness were not found to influence expatriation willingness in either scenario.Practical implicationsThe study discusses a set of practical recommendations for the selection and the management of eligible individuals who are willing to expatriate to dangerous locations.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to examine the influence of personality on expatriation willingness in safe and dangerous environments at the same time. It advances prior research by providing a more nuanced understanding of the context-specific effects of personality on expatriation willingness.
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Mogle J, Hill NL, Bratlee-Whitaker E, Bhargava S. Within-Person Associations of Self-Reports of Memory Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: Moderation of Relationships Over Time by Personality. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:300-311. [PMID: 33959767 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study examined within-person associations of self-reports of impaired current memory functioning and perceived decline with depressive symptoms in older adults without cognitive impairment, and whether these associations were moderated by individuals' levels of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extraversion. METHODS Samples were drawn from the Einstein Aging Study (EAS), Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), Minority Aging Research Study (MARS), Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), with over 8,000 participants (65+ years) included across datasets. In a series of coordinated analyses, multilevel linear models tested within-person relationships over periods of up to 22 years. RESULTS Across HRS and NHATS samples, self-reports of impaired current memory functioning covaried with depressive symptoms over time. This association was moderated by neuroticism, such that the association was stronger for individuals with higher levels of neuroticism. Across all samples, perceived memory decline covaried with depressive symptoms over time. This association was moderated by neuroticism in MAP/MARS, HRS, and NHATS, such that the association was stronger for individuals with higher levels of neuroticism. DISCUSSION Self-reports of impaired current memory functioning and perceived memory decline are important determinants of older adults' psychological well-being. In our results, at times when older adults perceive poorer memory functioning or decline, they also tend to report more depressive symptoms. Further, results from two larger datasets suggest that individuals' level of neuroticism may determine the extent to which self-reports of memory impairment and depressive symptoms covary over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Mogle
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Nikki L Hill
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | | | - Sakshi Bhargava
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Leger KA, Turiano NA, Bowling W, Burris JL, Almeida DM. Personality Traits Predict Long-Term Physical Health via Affect Reactivity to Daily Stressors. Psychol Sci 2021; 32:755-765. [PMID: 33882261 DOI: 10.1177/0956797620980738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers hypothesize that how people react to daily stressful events partly explains the relationship between personality and health, yet no study has examined longitudinal associations between these factors. The current study focused on the role of negative affect reactivity to daily stressful events as a mediating pathway between personality and physical health outcomes using three waves of data spanning 20 years from a nationwide probability sample of 1,176 adults. Results indicated that negative affect reactivity partially mediated personality and physical health. Wave 1 neuroticism was associated with greater negative affect reactivity at Wave 2, which predicted the development of chronic conditions and functional limitations at Wave 3. Higher conscientiousness at Wave 1 was associated with less negative affect reactivity at Wave 2, which predicted better physical health at Wave 3. These findings highlight the usefulness of using a daily-stress framework for understanding how personality impacts health over time, which has important implications for stress management and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Leger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky
| | | | | | | | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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47
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Luo J, Zhang B, Roberts BW. Sensitization or inoculation: Investigating the effects of early adversity on personality traits and stress experiences in adulthood. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248822. [PMID: 33793582 PMCID: PMC8016298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence has been found for the associations between personality traits and stress experiences in adulthood. However, less is known about the moderating mechanisms underlying these associations. The present study tested whether the stress sensitization and stress inoculation hypotheses could be applied to the relationship between early adversity and personality in adulthood. Specifically, we tested the linear and curvilinear relations between early adversity (measured retrospectively) and adulthood personality traits, as well as the linear and curvilinear moderating effects of early adversity on the associations between adulthood stress and personality traits. Samples of older adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 6098) and middle-aged adults from the Midlife in the United States Survey (MIDUS; N = 6186) were used. Across the two samples, positive linear associations were found between retrospective early adversity and neuroticism. The results also suggested significant linear effects of early adversity on the association between ongoing chronic stressors and neuroticism such that individuals with moderate exposure to early adversity showed stronger associations between ongoing chronic stressors and neuroticism. Results from the current research were more in line with the stress sensitization model. No support was found for the stress inoculation effects on personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Brent W. Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States of America
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Kaurin A, Wright AGC, Kamarck TW. Daily stress reactivity: The unique roles of personality and social support. J Pers 2021; 89:1012-1025. [PMID: 33745127 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processes through which social support exerts its influence in daily life are not well understood. Arguably, its salutary effects as an environmental variable might be construed as shared effects of personality. METHOD To test this possibility, we investigated the unique and shared effects of personality and social support on daily stressor exposure (social conflict, task strain) and on the within-person association of stressor exposure with perceived stress. A community-sample of N = 391 adults completed an ambulatory assessment protocol for two 2-day periods with fixed hourly intervals spread across 16 hr. RESULTS Consistent with our preregistered hypotheses, multilevel structural equation models returned that both, personality and perceived social support, predicted daily stressor exposure and moderated within-person effects of daily stressors on perceived stress. In contrast to our hypotheses, received social support had no effect on daily stress processes. When Extraversion, Neuroticism, and social support were added as joint predictors, Neuroticism and Extraversion were related to stressor exposure, and further moderated the within-person link between stressor exposure and stress experience, while perceived social support had an incremental beneficial effect on social conflict exposure and stress appraisal. CONCLUSION Social support does not increment the well-established relationships between Neuroticism or Extraversion and stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kaurin
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas W Kamarck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kuper N, Modersitzki N, Phan LV, Rauthmann J. The situation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A snapshot in Germany. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245719. [PMID: 33577581 PMCID: PMC7880467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During government-implemented restrictions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, people's everyday lives changed profoundly. However, there is to date little research chronicling how people perceived their changed everyday lives and which consequences this had. In a two-wave study, we examined the psychological characteristics of people's situations and their correlates during shutdown in a large German sample (NT1 = 1,353; NT2 = 446). First, we compared characteristics during government-issued restrictions with retrospective accounts from before and with a follow-up assessment 6 to 7 months later when many restrictions had been lifted. We found that mean levels were lower and variances were higher for most characteristics during the shutdown. Second, the experience of certain situation characteristics was associated in meaningful and theoretically expected ways with people's traits, appraisals of the COVID-19 crisis, and subjective well-being. Lastly, situation characteristics often substantially explained the associations of traits with appraisals and well-being. Our findings highlight the importance of considering perceived situations as these contribute to people's functioning during crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Le Vy Phan
- Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Agbaria Q, Mokh AA. Coping with Stress During the Coronavirus Outbreak: the Contribution of Big Five Personality Traits and Social Support. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:1854-1872. [PMID: 33500687 PMCID: PMC7819145 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships between active, problem-focused, and maladaptive coping with stress during the Coronavirus outbreak, the Big Five personality traits, and social support among Israeli-Palestinian college students (n = 625). Emotion-focused coping negatively correlated with social support, openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, while it positively correlated with neuroticism. On the other hand, problem-focused coping was found to positively correlate with social support, openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, but negatively correlate with neuroticism. Thus, positive social support may increase one's ability to cope actively, adaptively, and efficiently. In addition, Israeli-Palestinian college students high in openness, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness tend to use active problem-focused coping while those high in neuroticism tend to use maladaptive emotion-focused coping.
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