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Drug delivery in ocular diseases: Barriers and strategies
Deep Kwatra, Ashim K Mitra, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas, MO 64108-2718, United States
Deep Kwatra, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS 66160, United State
Author contributions: Both authors contributed equally to the document.
Correspondence to: Ashim K Mitra, PhD, Professor, Chairman, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas, MO 64108-2718, United State. mitraa@umkc.edu
Telephone: +1-816-2351615 Fax: +1-816-2355779
Received: December 25, 2012
Revised: August 8, 2013
Accepted: August 28, 2013
Published online: December 9, 2013
Processing time: 358 Days and 1 Hours
Revised: August 8, 2013
Accepted: August 28, 2013
Published online: December 9, 2013
Processing time: 358 Days and 1 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: The eye is a complex organ where combinations of various anatomical and physiological barriers work together to make it difficult to deliver drugs in the right amounts at the intended sites. To circumvent these barriers and to achieve desired levels ophthalmologists, ocular pharmacologists and pharmaceutical scientists have developed various drug delivery strategies with appropriate mode of administration.