Omairi R, Krayem M, Khaled S, Salla M, El Khatib S. Antibiotic residues in milk and milk products: A momentous challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and medicine. World J Pharmacol 2022; 11(4): 48-55 [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v11.i4.48]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Sami El Khatib, MSc, PhD, Academic Research, Associate Professor, Research Dean, Research Scientist, Researcher, Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Khiyara-West Bekaa, Khiyara 1108, Lebanon. sami.khatib@liu.edu.lb
Research Domain of This Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Pharmacol. Dec 27, 2022; 11(4): 48-55 Published online Dec 27, 2022. doi: 10.5497/wjp.v11.i4.48
Antibiotic residues in milk and milk products: A momentous challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and medicine
Rima Omairi, Maha Krayem, Sanaa Khaled, Mohamed Salla, Sami El Khatib
Rima Omairi, Food Sciences & Technology, Lebanese International University, Khiyara 1108, Lebanon
Maha Krayem, Mohamed Salla, Biological Sciences, Lebanese International University, Khiyara 1108, Lebanon
Sanaa Khaled, Chemical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Khiyara 1108, Lebanon
Sami El Khatib, Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Khiyara 1108, Lebanon
Author contributions: Omairi R, Krayem M, Khaled S, Salls M, and El Khatib S contributed equally to the writing and reviewing of this paper; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to report.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sami El Khatib, MSc, PhD, Academic Research, Associate Professor, Research Dean, Research Scientist, Researcher, Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Khiyara-West Bekaa, Khiyara 1108, Lebanon. sami.khatib@liu.edu.lb
Received: July 16, 2022 Peer-review started: July 16, 2022 First decision: September 26, 2022 Revised: October 13, 2022 Accepted: December 13, 2022 Article in press: December 13, 2022 Published online: December 27, 2022
Abstract
Dairy products are nutritious food items that contain various essential nutrients, however, it has been proven that residual antibiotics have contaminated such products. These residues can cause several side effects on human health. They increase antimicrobial resistance against several threatening microorganisms, as well as significant growth in allergenic reactions. Various methods, including heat treatments, have been applied to alleviate and reduce the effect of antibiotic residue level in milk and milk products. Changes in drug levels were not significantly remarkable, obliging researchers to find new approaches to prevent or reduce their risk and limit their complications on human health.
Core Tip: Little information is available regarding the use of antibiotics and their availability in dairy products as residues in Lebanon. Not a lot of care or caution is given to this sector, even though Lebanon’s main income, especially in villages, is from cultivated mammals. This article mentions the availability of residual drugs in milk. It includes the different pathways of drugs upon consumption by the mammals, until excretion. As well as its side effect on human health, especially the cause of flora bacteria to become resistant to drugs.
