Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Hypertens. May 23, 2017; 7(2): 24-31
Published online May 23, 2017. doi: 10.5494/wjh.v7.i2.24
Association between G-protein β3 subunit gene and isolated systolic blood pressure elevation of greater than 130 mmHg: A large-scale cross-sectional study in the Japanese population
Masahiko Eto, Taro Takeshima, Masanori Harada, Shinji Fujiwara, Maki Kumada, Toyomi Kamesaki, Kazuhiro Takamura, Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Yoshikazu Nakamura, Takanori Aonuma, Masanobu Okayama, Eiji Kajii
Masahiko Eto, Department of Internal Medicine, Wakuya Medical and Welfare Center, Wakuya 987-0121, Miyagi, Japan
Taro Takeshima, Maki Kumada, Toyomi Kamesaki, Masanobu Okayama, Eiji Kajii, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
Masanori Harada, Department of Support of Rural Health Care, Yamaguchi Grand Medical Center, Hofu 747-8511, Yamaguchi, Japan
Shinji Fujiwara, Mima City National Health Insurance Koyadaira Clinic, Mima 777-0302, Tokushima, Japan
Kazuhiro Takamura, Department of Community Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki 880-8510, Japan
Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 652-0032, Hyogo, Japan
Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kaibara Hospital, Tamba 669-3395, Hyogo, Japan
Yoshikazu Nakamura, Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
Takanori Aonuma, Department of Surgery, Wakuya Medical and Welfare Center, Wakuya 987-0121, Miyagi, Japan
Masanobu Okayama, Division of Community Medicine and Medical Education, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 652-0032, Hyogo, Japan
Author contributions: Eto M, Takeshima T, Harada M, Fujiwara S, Kumada M, Kamesaki T, Takamura K, Kenzaka T, Nakamura Y, Aonuma T, Okayama M and Kajii E contributed to study conception and design; Eto M, Takeshima T, Harada M, Kumada M, Kamesaki T, Takamura K, Kenzaka T and Okayama M contributed to data acquisition, data analysis and interpretation, and writing of article; Eto M, Nakamura Y, Aonuma T, Okayama M and Kajii E contributed to editing, reviewing and final approval of article.
Supported by The Jichi Medical University 21st Century Center of Excellence Program from Minister Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Jichi Medical University Epidemiological and Ethical Committee.
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from all the individuals prior to their entry into this study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: None.
Data sharing statement: None.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Masanobu Okayama, MD, PhD, Division of Community Medicine and Medical Education, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-5 Arata-sho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe 652-0032, Hyogo, Japan. okayama@jichi.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-78-3826732 Fax: +81-78-3826283
Received: August 28, 2016
Peer-review started: August 29, 2016
First decision: November 21, 2016
Revised: January 10, 2017
Accepted: February 10, 2017
Article in press: February 11, 2017
Published online: May 23, 2017
Processing time: 247 Days and 17.4 Hours
Abstract
AIM

To investigate whether GNB3 C825T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) contributes to systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg in a large-scale cross-sectional study among the Japanese population with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 85 mmHg.

METHODS

We analyzed 11008 Japanese subjects, including 2797 cases (SBP ≥ 130 and DBP < 85 mmHg) who were not taking anti-hypertensive medication and 8211 controls (SBP < 130 and DBP < 85 mmHg), all of whom enrolled in the genome banking project of the 21st Century COE (Center of Excellence) Program at Jichi Medical University. Subjects were divided into four groups according to gender (male and female) and age (≤ 49 years and ≥ 50 years). GNB3 gene polymorphism was determined using the TaqMan probe method. We compared the frequencies of alleles and genotypes between cases and controls by chi-squared test. The strength of the associations was estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CI by using logistic regression analysis. The ORs were adjusted for age and body mass index.

RESULTS

Allele and genotype distributions significantly differed between cases and controls only in males aged ≤ 49 years. Compared to the CC genotype, a significant OR was obtained in the TT genotype among males aged ≤ 49 years.

CONCLUSION

This study indicates that the TT genotype of the GNB3 C825T SNP may contribute to SBP elevation of greater than 130 mmHg compared to the CC genotype in Japanese males aged ≤ 49 years.

Keywords: Prehypertension; Hypertension; G-protein β3 subunit gene; Single nucleotide polymorphism

Core tip: The association of GNB3 gene polymorphism with hypertension has been examined in different populations. Unfortunately, the reported results have been controversial. This large-scale cross-sectional study of the Japanese population clarifies that among males aged ≤ 49 years, the TT single nucleotide polymorphism of GNB3 C825T is significantly associated with high systolic blood pressure (SBP) (≥ 130 mmHg). Therapeutic intervention is recommended at this level of SBP to prevent cardiovascular disease and its progression to hypertension. This approach is likely to be more effective for youngsters, compared to the elderly. This study suggests that using genetic information could make this approach more effective.