Published online May 23, 2015. doi: 10.5494/wjh.v5.i2.14
Peer-review started: October 5, 2014
First decision: November 14, 2014
Revised: December 6, 2014
Accepted: March 4, 2015
Article in press: March 6, 2015
Published online: May 23, 2015
Processing time: 229 Days and 4 Hours
Endocrine causes of secondary hypertension include primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, cushing’s syndrome, hyperparathyroidism and hypo- and hyperthyroidism. They comprise 5%-10% of the causes of secondary hypertension. Primary hyperaldosteronism, the most common of the endocrine cause of hypertension often presents with resistant or difficult to control hypertension associated with either normo-or hypokalemia. Pheochromocytoma, a great mimicker of many conditions, is associated with high morbidity and mortality if left untreated. A complete history including pertinent family history, physical examination along with a high index of suspicion with focused biochemical and radiological evaluation is important to diagnose and effectively treat these conditions. The cost effective targeted genetic screening for current known mutations associated with pheochromocytoma are important for early diagnosis and management in family members. The current review focuses on the most recent evidence regarding causes, clinical features, methods of diagnosis, and management of these conditions. A multidisciplinary approach involving internists, endocrinologists and surgeons is recommended in optimal management of these conditions.
Core tip: This is an invited manuscript to present a summary of the most recent information on the etiology, diagnosis and management of endocrine diseases as a cause of secondary hypertension.