Role of major adipokines in hypertension: A literature review

Abstract

The incidence and prevalence of hypertension are increasing as a consequence of the obesity epidemic. Adipocytes and their variety of factors make contributions to the long-term regulation of blood pressure. The pathophysiologic states of hypertension, including obesity, are regulated by the production of adipocyte-derived factors. Increased body mass index was closely linked to elevated blood pressure. Mostly the hypertensive subjects were obese as well as overweight. There are numerous adipokines, however, this review article only focuses on the major adipokines including chemerin, visfatin, retinol-binding protein 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, omentin-1, lipocalin-2, vaspin, progranulin, complement c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein, and nesfatin-1 role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This review article concludes the significant association of major adipokines in the pathogenesis of hypertensives. New research should be focused on other newly reported adipokine roles in hypertensive subjects and the management of these adipokines in hypertensive subjects. The discovery of this information could result in the creation of antihypertensive medications, particularly those that focus on obesity-related hypertension.

Keywords: Chemerin; Visfatin; Retinol-Binding Protein 4; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1; Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1; Omentin-1; Lipocalin-2; Vaspin; Progranulin; Nesfatin-1

Core Tip: Many studies have reported the role of adipokines in hypertension. Adipocytes and their variety of factors make contributions to the long-term regulation of blood pressure. The risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases increase due to obesity mainly central obesity. However, this review article only focuses on the major adipokines such as chemerin, visfatin, retinol-binding protein 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, omentin-1, lipocalin-2, vaspin, progranulin, complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related proteins, and nesfatin-1 role in hypertension which were not reported collectively. Further studies require to find the exact mechanism of action of these adipokines in hypertensive subjects and therapeutic approaches are required to control the increasing prevalence of hypertension with obesity, which ultimately reduces the incidence of obesity-associated hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.