Interaction between tumor stage and age on survival outcomes of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer

doi:10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.93869

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Sep 20, 2024 (publication date) through Aug 29, 2024

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315x

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Clinical and Translational Research

World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2024; 14(3): 93869
Published online Sep 20, 2024. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.93869

Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of United States patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer between 2010 and 2017

Characteristics	n	Percent
Gender
Female	366	58.84
Male	256	41.16
Age at diagnosis, year old
00-59	128	20.58
60-79	342	54.98
80 +	152	24.44
Marital status
Married	344	55.31
Single	102	16.40
Divorced/separated	42	6.75
Widowed	134	21.54
Tumor stage
Localized	34	5.47
Regional by direct extension only	47	7.56
Regional lymph nodes involved only	25	4.02
Regional by both direct extension and lymph node involvement	53	8.52
Distant	463	74.44
Race
Non-Hispanic white	380	61.09
Non-Hispanic black	47	7.56
Hispanic	112	18.01
Other	83	13.34
Living area
Counties in metropolitan areas of 1 million persons	365	58.68
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 to 1 million persons	151	24.28
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 persons	32	5.14
Nonmetropolitan counties adjacent to a metropolitan area	41	6.59
Nonmetropolitan counties not adjacent to a metropolitan area	33	5.31
Income per year
$ < $45000	29	4.66
$45000-54999	69	11.09
$55000-64999	127	20.42
$65000-74999	174	27.97
$75000 +	223	35.85
Radiation
No	267	42.93
Yes	355	57.07
Chemotherapy
No	343	55.14
Yes	279	44.86
Surgery
No	351	56.43
Yes	271	43.57
Year of diagnosis
2010	75	12.06
2011	67	10.77
2012	64	10.29
2013	68	10.93
2014	74	11.90
2015	79	12.70
2016	96	15.43
2017	99	15.92

Table 2 Crude analysis of factors associated with all-cause mortality and cancer related mortality among United States patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer between 2010 and 2017

Characteristics	Overall mortality	Cancer related mortality
Characteristics	Crude proportional, HR (95%CI)	Crude proportional, HR (95%CI)
Gender
Female	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Male	0.97 (0.80-1.16)	0.96 (0.89-1.16)
Age at diagnosis, year old
00-59	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
60-79	1.38 (1.10-1.74)^b	1.29 (1.02-1.64)^a
80 +	1.64 (1.24-2.16)^b	1.16 (1.19-2.08)^b
Marital status
Married	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Single	1.00 (0.77-1.30)	0.94 (0.71-1.23)
Divorced/separated	0.77 (0.54-1.11)	0.76 (0.52-1.11)
Widowed	1.23 (0.97-1.56)	1.22 (0.96-1.55)
Tumor stage
Localized	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Regional by direct extension only	2.12 (1.22-3.66)^b	2.07 (1.16-3.66)^a
Regional lymph nodes involved only	1.58 (0.81-3.09)	1.59 (0.79-3.20)
Regional by both direct extension and lymph node involvement	1.75 (1.02-3.00)^a	1.82 (1.04-3.19)^a
Distant	3.24 (2.05-5.12)^b	3.25 (2.01-5.24)^b
Race
Non-Hispanic white	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Non-Hispanic black	1.12 (0.79-1.59)	1.11 (0.78-1.59)
Hispanic	1.23 (0.96-1.58)	1.22 (0.94-1.57)
Other	1.30 (0.98-1.71)	1.27 (0.95-1.69)
Living area
Counties in metropolitan areas of 1 million persons	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 to 1 million persons	1.11 (0.89-1.38)	1.11 (0.89-1.39)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 persons	0.74 (0.46-1.18)	0.77 (0.47-1.24)
Nonmetropolitan counties adjacent to a metropolitan area	0.80 (0.55-1.14)	0.80 (0.55-1.16)
Nonmetropolitan counties not adjacent to a metropolitan area	1.41 (0.93-2.15)	1.49 (0.98-2.27)
Income per year
$ < $45000	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
$45000-54999	0.92 (0.55-1.54)	0.86 (0.51-1.45)
$55000-64999	1.35 (0.85-2.17)	1.28 (0.80-2.06)
$65000-74999	1.01 (0.64-1.60)	0.96 (0.60-1.52)
$75000 +	0.90 (0.57-1.43)	0.85 (0.54-1.34)
Radiation
No	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Yes	0.61 (0.50-0.74)^b	0.59 (0.49-0.72)^b
Chemotherapy
No	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Yes	0.61(0.50-0.73)^b	0.60(0.49-0.72)^b
Surgery
No	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Yes	0.50 (0.41-0.59)^b	0.47 (0.39-0.58)^b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

HR: Hazard ratio.

Table 3 Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of factors affecting all-cause mortality and cancer related mortality among United States patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer between 2010 and 2017

Characteristics	Overall mortality	Cancer related mortality
Characteristics	Adjusted proportional, HR (95%CI)	Adjusted proportional, HR (95%CI)
Gender
Female	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Male	1.11 (0.89-1.38)	1.09 (0.87-1.36)
Age at diagnosis, year old
00-59	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
60-79	2.85 (0.61-13.43)	2.16 (0.46-10.18)
80 +	2.01 (0.40-10.18)	1.48 (0.29-7.60)
Marital status
Married	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Single	1.00 (0.75-1.34)	0.94 (0.69-1.26)
Divorced/separated	0.63 (0.42-0.94)^a	0.61 (0.40-0.92)^a
Widowed	1.03 (0.78-1.37)	1.03 (0.77-1.37)
Tumor stage
Localized	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Regional by direct extension only	6.26 (1.29-30.42)^a	5.05 (1.05-24.19)^a
Regional lymph nodes involved only	2.71 (0.42-17.49)	2.30 (0.36-14.68)
Regional by both direct extension and lymph node involvement	3.58 (0.74-17.31)	2.97 (0.62-14.15)
Distant	5.73 (1.34-24.51)^a	4.57 (1.08-19.29)^a
Race
Non-Hispanic white	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Non-Hispanic black	0.91 (0.62-1.35)	0.90 (0.60-1.34)
Hispanic	1.16 (0.90-1.51)	1.13 (0.87-1.49)
Other	1.14 (0.85-1.54)	1.12 (0.83-1.52)
Living area
Counties in metropolitan areas of 1 million persons	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 to 1 million persons	1.26 (0.99-1.60)	1.26 (0.99-1.61)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 persons	0.76 (0.46-1.27)	0.82 (0.49-1.38)
Nonmetropolitan counties adjacent to a metropolitan area	0.79 (0.50-1.26)	0.80 (0.50-1.29)
Nonmetropolitan counties not adjacent to a metropolitan area	1.19 (0.70-2.01)	1.25 (0.74-2.13)
Income per year
$ < $45000	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
$45000-54999	0.75 (0.43-1.31)	0.72 (0.41-1.26)
$55000-64999	1.04 (0.59-1.82)	1.01 (0.57-1.77)
$65000-74999	0.85 (0.48-1.51)	0.84 (0.47-1.50)
$75000 +	0.74 (0.42-1.33)	0.71 (0.40-1.29)
Radiation
No	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Yes	0.66 (0.53-0.83)^b	0.64 (0.51-0.81)^b
Chemotherapy
No	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Yes	0.63 (0.50-0.79)^b	0.62 (0.50-0.78)^b
Surgery
No	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Yes	0.53 (0.43-0.66)^b	0.51 (0.41-0.63)^b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

HR: Hazard ratio.

Table 4 Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of factors affecting all-cause mortality and anaplastic thyroid cancer related mortality among United States patients between 2010 and 2017 taking into account the interaction between tumor stage and age

Tumor stage and age (stage & age)	OM	CSM
I & 00-59	1	1
II & 00-59	1	1
II & 60-79	0.28 (0.06-1.62)	0.31 (0.05-1.85)
II & 80 +	0.32 (0.05-2.08)	0.43 (0.06-2.79)
III & 00-59	1	1
III & 60-79	0.43 (0.05-3.63)	0.44 (0.05-3.89)
III & 80 +	0.70 (0.08-6.13)	0.91 (0.10-8.07)
IV & 00-59	1	1
IV & 60-79	0.53 (0.09-2.99)	0.65 (0.11-3.65)
IV & 80 +	0.52 (0.07-3.90)	0.70 (0.09-5.29)
V & 00-59	1	1
V & 60-79	0.44 (0.09-2.09)	0.54 (0.11-2.58)
V & 80 +	0.70 (0.13-3.66)	0.87 (0.16-4.63)

CSM: Cancer specific mortality; OM: Overall mortality.

Citation: Bangolo AI, Auda A, Bukasa-Kakamba J, Bhakta N, Dey S, lilhori A, Reddy G, Alqinai B, Sidiqui A, Sekhon I, Khatiashvili B, Abbas I, Kunnel S, Jarri A, Martinez E, Daoud D, Gupta I, Gompa H, Pender S, Aljaberi D, Aljanaahi H, Kunnel SS, Xiao Y, Jung Y, Nagpaul S, Naz A, Mallela T, Maung PM, Khalaf IY, Kim S, Alrestom R, Gajera A, Alkealy H, Kansal D, Dhall S, Satheesha S, Weissman S, Fwelo P. Interaction between tumor stage and age on survival outcomes of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. World J Exp Med 2024; 14(3): 93869
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v14/i3/93869.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.93869