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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Exp Med. Jun 20, 2024; 14(2): 92052
Published online Jun 20, 2024. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i2.92052
Published online Jun 20, 2024. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i2.92052
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with primary diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, stratified by acute peripancreatic fluid collections on index admission, n (%)
| Patient characteristics | Before matching | After matching | ||||
| No acute peripancreatic fluid collections | Acute peripancreatic fluid collections | P value | No acute peripancreatic fluid collections | Acute peripancreatic fluid collections | P value | |
| Total patients | 638801 | 34258 | 33914 | 33914 | ||
| Age in years at admission, median (IQR) | 52.0 (39.0, 63.0) | 49.0 (38.0, 59.0) | < 0.001 | 51.0 (39.0, 61.0) | 49.0 (38.0, 58.0) | < 0.001 |
| Age groups (yr) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| 18-33 | 108146 (16.9) | 5663 (16.5) | 5716 (16.9) | 5641 (16.6) | ||
| 34-49 | 181354 (28.4) | 12056 (35.2) | 10353 (30.5) | 11962 (35.3) | ||
| 50-64 | 200484 (31.4) | 11619 (33.9) | 11169 (32.9) | 11490 (33.9) | ||
| 65-79 | 107936 (16.9) | 4118 (12.0) | 4895 (14.4) | 4033 (11.9) | ||
| ≥ 80 | 40881 (6.4) | 802 (2.3) | 1781 (5.3) | 788 (2.3) | ||
| Length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 7.0) | < 0.001 | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 7.0) | < 0.001 |
| Total charges (USD), median (IQR) | 24238.0 (14623.0, 42043.0) | 29616.5 (17365.0, 57476.0) | < 0.001 | 24418.5 (14865.0, 42640.5) | 29451.0 (17292.0, 56774.0) | < 0.001 |
| 30-day readmission | 37949 (5.9) | 5363 (15.7) | 2215 (6.5) | 5326 (15.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score | < 0.001 | 0.093 | ||||
| 0 | 49536 (7.8) | 1366 (4.0) | 1430 (4.2) | 1366 (4.0) | ||
| 1 | 97030 (15.2) | 3875 (11.3) | 3994 (11.8) | 3875 (11.4) | ||
| 2 | 131055 (20.5) | 6353 (18.5) | 6472 (19.1) | 6353 (18.7) | ||
| ≥ 3 | 361180 (56.5) | 22664 (66.2) | 22018 (64.9) | 22320 (65.8) | ||
| Primary payer | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Medicare | 195352 (32.1) | 7702 (23.8) | 9348 (29.1) | 7572 (23.6) | ||
| Medicaid | 140070 (23.0) | 9413 (29.1) | 8332 (25.9) | 9340 (29.2) | ||
| Private | 213873 (35.1) | 11274 (34.8) | 10763 (33.5) | 11163 (34.8) | ||
| Other | 60026 (9.9) | 3980 (12.3) | 3697 (11.5) | 3958 (12.4) | ||
| Median household income national quartile for patient ZIP code | < 0.001 | 0.005 | ||||
| 1st (0-25th) | 203221 (32.2) | 11120 (32.9) | 11169 (33.3) | 11002 (32.8) | ||
| 2nd (26th-50th) | 177998 (28.2) | 9619 (28.4) | 9373 (28.0) | 9535 (28.5) | ||
| 3rd (51st-75th) | 148894 (23.6) | 8093 (23.9) | 7756 (23.2) | 8020 (23.9) | ||
| 4th (76th-100th) | 100757 (16.0) | 5018 (14.8) | 5199 (15.5) | 4955 (14.8) | ||
| Disposition of patient (uniform) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Routine | 561425 (87.9) | 28082 (82.0) | 29204 (86.1) | 27894 (82.3) | ||
| Transfer to short-term hospital | 4817 (0.8) | 753 (2.2) | 275 (0.8) | 742 (2.2) | ||
| Transfer other: SNF, ICF, another type of facility | 17446 (2.7) | 1392 (4.1) | 1074 (3.2) | 1320 (3.9) | ||
| Home health care | 27211 (4.3) | 2600 (7.6) | 1600 (4.7) | 2540 (7.5) | ||
| Against medical advice | 25350 (4.0) | 1209 (3.5) | 1582 (4.7) | 1207 (3.6) | ||
| Died during hospitalization | 2386 (0.4) | 209 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 169 (0.5) | 198 (0.6) | 0.12 |
Table 2 Distribution of the Elixhauser comorbidities in patients with acute pancreatitis as a primary diagnosis during index hospitalizations, both before and after matching, stratified by acute peripancreatic fluid collections, n (%)
| Factors | Before matching | After matching | ||||
| No acute peripancreatic fluid collections | Acute peripancreatic fluid collections | P value | No acute peripancreatic fluid collections | Acute peripancreatic fluid collections | P value | |
| Total patients | 638801 | 34258 | 33914 | 33914 | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 41809 (6.5) | 1922 (5.6) | < 0.001 | 1804 (5.3) | 1804 (5.3) | 1.00 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 71251 (11.2) | 3992 (11.7) | 0.004 | 3745 (11.0) | 3909 (11.5) | 0.047 |
| Valvular disease | 13556 (2.1) | 505 (1.5) | < 0.001 | 439 (1.3) | 439 (1.3) | 1.00 |
| Pulmonary circulation | 7130 (1.1) | 482 (1.4) | < 0.001 | 380 (1.1) | 380 (1.1) | 1.00 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 22966 (3.6) | 1354 (4.0) | < 0.001 | 1248 (3.7) | 1248 (3.7) | 1.00 |
| Uncomplicated hypertension | 293986 (46.0) | 16996 (49.6) | < 0.001 | 16804 (49.5) | 16804 (49.5) | 1.00 |
| Chronic pulmonary diseases | 99431 (15.6) | 5533 (16.2) | 0.004 | 5264 (15.5) | 5440 (16.0) | 0.064 |
| Uncomplicated diabetes | 90054 (14.1) | 4365 (12.7) | < 0.001 | 4261 (12.6) | 4261 (12.6) | 1.00 |
| Complicated diabetes | 91044 (14.3) | 4178 (12.2) | < 0.001 | 4049 (11.9) | 4049 (11.9) | 1.00 |
| Hypothyroidism | 58431 (9.1) | 2132 (6.2) | < 0.001 | 2028 (6.0) | 2028 (6.0) | 1.00 |
| Chronic renal disease | 55947 (8.8) | 2114 (6.2) | < 0.001 | 2458 (7.2) | 2063 (6.1) | 0.088 |
| Liver disease | 130401 (20.4) | 8674 (25.3) | < 0.001 | 8303 (24.5) | 8554 (25.2) | 0.096 |
| PUD excluding bleeding | 10343 (1.6) | 634 (1.9) | < 0.001 | 582 (1.7) | 582 (1.7) | 1.00 |
| HIV/AIDS | 2063 (0.3) | 128 (0.4) | 0.11 | 115 (0.3) | 115 (0.3) | 1.00 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/CVD | 13799 (2.2) | 569 (1.7) | < 0.001 | 504 (1.5) | 504 (1.5) | 1.00 |
| Coagulopathy | 42399 (6.6) | 2778 (8.1) | < 0.001 | 2667 (7.9) | 2667 (7.9) | 1.00 |
| Obesity | 118599 (18.6) | 4066 (11.9) | < 0.001 | 3946 (11.6) | 3946 (11.6) | 1.00 |
| Weight loss | 34338 (5.4) | 6255 (18.3) | < 0.001 | 6053 (17.8) | 6053 (17.8) | 1.00 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorder | 251252 (39.3) | 16382 (47.8) | < 0.001 | 16174 (47.7) | 16174 (47.7) | 1.00 |
| Blood loss anemia | 1984 (0.3) | 211 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 119 (0.4) | 206 (0.6) | < 0.001 |
| Iron-deficiency anemia | 23358 (3.7) | 2539 (7.4) | < 0.001 | 1557 (4.6) | 2512 (7.4) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 198085 (31.0) | 17070 (49.8) | < 0.001 | 16908 (49.9) | 16908 (49.9) | 1.00 |
| Substance abuse | 57163 (8.9) | 4181 (12.2) | < 0.001 | 4074 (12.0) | 4074 (12.0) | 1.00 |
| Tobacco use disorder | 96674 (15.1) | 4761 (13.9) | < 0.001 | 4616 (13.6) | 4689 (13.8) | 0.42 |
| Smoking history | 4722 (0.7) | 276 (0.8) | 0.16 | 199 (0.6) | 274 (0.8) | < 0.001 |
| Psychoses | 7357 (1.2) | 471 (1.4) | < 0.001 | 418 (1.2) | 469 (1.4) | 0.085 |
| Depression | 93044 (14.6) | 5899 (17.2) | < 0.001 | 5445 (16.1) | 5804 (17.1) | < 0.001 |
| Complicated hypertension | 72236 (11.3) | 2941 (8.6) | < 0.001 | 3136 (9.2) | 2836 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
Table 3 Clinical outcomes of patients with a primary diagnosis of acute pancreatitis during index hospitalizations, stratified by acute peripancreatic fluid collections on index admission, n (%)
| Clinical outcomes | Before matching | After matching | ||||
| No acute peripancreatic fluid collections | Acute peripancreatic fluid collections | P value | No acute peripancreatic fluid collections | Acute peripancreatic fluid collections | P value | |
| Total patients | 638801 | 34258 | 33914 | 33914 | ||
| Cholangitis | 3814 (0.6) | 164 (0.5) | 0.005 | 190 (0.6) | 160 (0.5) | 0.11 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 3309 (0.5) | 669 (2.0) | < 0.001 | 300 (0.9) | 626 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
| Nausea | 13222 (2.1) | 650 (1.9) | 0.029 | 752 (2.2) | 641 (1.9) | 0.003 |
| Diarrhea | 15337 (2.4) | 1089 (3.2) | < 0.001 | 898 (2.6) | 1074 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
| Septic shock | 5693 (0.9) | 1110 (3.2) | < 0.001 | 451 (1.3) | 1057 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
| Portal venous thrombosis | 4079 (0.6) | 1521 (4.4) | < 0.001 | 265 (0.8) | 1487 (4.4) | < 0.001 |
| Splenic venous thrombosis | 3194 (0.5) | 818 (2.39) | < 0.001 | 154 (0.5) | 811 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
| ICU level admission | 3118 (0.5) | 529 (1.5) | < 0.001 | 284 (0.8) | 496 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
| Vasopressor use | 772 (0.1) | 138 (0.4) | < 0.001 | 70 (0.2) | 130 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 68459 (10.7) | 3843 (11.2) | 0.004 | 4038 (11.9) | 3744 (11.0) | < 0.001 |
| New RRT during admission | 8545 (1.3) | 434 (1.3) | 0.27 | 386 (1.1) | 421 (1.2) | 0.22 |
| Abdominal pain | 3070 (0.5) | 124 (0.4) | 0.002 | 159 (0.5) | 120 (0.4) | 0.019 |
| Jaundice | 8149 (1.3) | 1024 (3.0) | < 0.001 | 461 (1.4) | 1013 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
| Obstruction of bile duct | 35968 (5.6) | 2340 (6.8) | < 0.001 | 2259 (6.7) | 2319 (6.8) | 0.36 |
| Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (no intervention) | 19309 (3.0) | 395 (1.2) | < 0.001 | 740 (2.2) | 390 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
| ERCP biliary with intervention | 31525 (4.9) | 1150 (3.4) | < 0.001 | 1339 (3.9) | 1134 (3.3) | < 0.001 |
| Endoscopic dilation of ampulla and biliary duct | 9456 (1.5) | 253 (0.7) | < 0.001 | 413 (1.2) | 249 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Endoscopic insertion of stent (tube) into bile duct | 9784 (1.5) | 751 (2.2) | < 0.001 | 495 (1.5) | 743 (2.2) | < 0.001 |
| Endoscopic removal of stone(s) from biliary tract | 19161 (3.0) | 388 (1.1) | < 0.001 | 759 (2.2) | 384 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
| Endoscopic biopsy of bile duct | 2002 (0.3) | 62 (0.2) | < 0.001 | 99 (0.3) | 62 (0.2) | 0.004 |
| ERCP pancreatic with intervention | 6282 (1.0) | 1107 (3.2) | < 0.001 | 323 (1.0) | 1094 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
| Endoscopic insertion of stent (tube) into pancreatic duct | 5263 (0.8) | 1005 (2.9) | < 0.001 | 278 (0.8) | 993 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
| Endoscopic removal of stone(s) from pancreatic duct | 1045 (0.2) | 152 (0.4) | < 0.001 | 64 (0.2) | 150 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
| Endoscopic dilation of pancreatic duct | 583 (0.1) | 51 (0.1) | < 0.001 | 28 (0.1) | 50 (0.1) | 0.013 |
- Citation: Ali H, Inayat F, Rasheed W, Afzal A, Chaudhry A, Patel P, Rehman AU, Anwar MS, Nawaz G, Afzal MS, Sohail AH, Subramanium S, Dahiya DS, Budh D, Mohan BP, Adler DG. Association between acute peripancreatic fluid collections and early readmission in acute pancreatitis: A propensity-matched analysis. World J Exp Med 2024; 14(2): 92052
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v14/i2/92052.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v14.i2.92052