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Castro MED, Cunha LL, Ward LS. Narrative overview of possible preventive measures for differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Heliyon 2025; 11:e41284. [PMID: 39811343 PMCID: PMC11731471 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that although the increased availability of sensitive imaging is the main cause of the increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer, particularly the papillary type, there are other factors involved. Despite the acknowledged role of genetic and certain lifestyle factors, comprehensive studies delineating the interactions between multiple risk factors and the mechanistic pathways involved are scarce. A greater understanding of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for thyroid cancer is critical to prevent and manage the disease and could provide a scientific basis for future research into more appropriate lifestyles and living environments for people at high risk. We reviewed the main endogenous factors that, although considered non-modifiable, can help identify at-risk individuals. In addition, we offer a narrative review of other putative causes and make recommendations for measures to prevent the emergence of new cases of differentiated thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda de Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Leite Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Fridman M, Krasko O, Veyalkin I. The incidence trends of papillary thyroid carcinoma in Belarus during the post-Chernobyl epoch. Cancer Epidemiol 2025; 95:102745. [PMID: 39799926 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) rate among children who were exposed to post-Chernobyl 131-I release was reported only four years after the accident, first in Belarus where the heaviest fallout happened. The evolution of the occurrence of thyroid carcinoma based on the age-period-cohort analysis and the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on time trends aimed to reveal if post-Chernobyl follicular cells irradiation still has been impacting on incidence rate of papillary thyroid carcinoma nowadays. METHODS The Belarusian Cancer Registry was used to identify patients with PTC diagnosed during the years 1980-2019. The incidence trends were analysed using Join-point regression software. RESULTS The highest peak of age-specific incidence curve was shown during the years 1980-2001 in the age group of 15-19 years old that was associated also with short-latency cases of post-Chernobyl PTC. This is the same age group that demonstrated significant growth of the incidence rate during the years 2006-2019, largely because of the increasing number of non-exposed patients with PTC (p < 0.001). Influence of post-Chernobyl exposure also can be seen in the young adults age-groups of patients (for 20-24 years old during the years 1980-2003 and 2013-2019, p < 0.001; for 25-29 years old during the years 1980-1999 and 1999-2011, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION After the Chernobyl accident, epidemiological waves that reflect the age shift of the group of children exposed to 131-I have consistently emerged. Currently, the incidence rate continues to increase only in the cohort of patients aged 20-44 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Fridman
- Republican Centre for Thyroid Tumours, Department of Pathology, Nezavisimosty Av., 64, Minsk 220013, Belarus.
| | - Olga Krasko
- United Institute of Informatics Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganova St. 6, Minsk 220012, Belarus
| | - Ilya Veyalkin
- Republican Scientific Centre for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Illich, 290, Gomel 246040, Belarus
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Zaletel K, Mihovec A, Gaberscek S. Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident. Radiol Oncol 2024; 58:459-468. [PMID: 39365660 PMCID: PMC11604265 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2024-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During a nuclear accident, numerous products of nuclear fission are released, including isotopes of radioactive iodine. Among them is iodine-131, with a half-life of 8.02 days, which emits β radiation. For decades, it has been effectively and safely used in medicine. However, in the event of a nuclear accident, uncontrolled exposure can have harmful biological effects. The main sources of internal contamination with iodine-131 are contaminated air, food and water. The most exposed organ is the thyroid gland, where radioactive iodine accumulates via the Na+/I- symporter (NIS). NIS does not distinguish between radioactive iodine isotopes and the stable isotope iodine-127, which is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear accident is primarily associated with papillary thyroid cancer, whose incidence begins to increase a few years after exposure. Children and adolescents are at the highest risk, and the risk is particularly significant for individuals living in iodine-deficient areas. CONCLUSIONS Ensuring an adequate iodine supply is therefore crucial for lowering the risk of the harmful effects of exposure to radioactive iodine at the population level. Protecting the thyroid with potassium iodide tablets significantly reduces radiation exposure, as stable iodine prevents the entry of radioactive iodine into the thyroid. Such protection is effective only within a narrow time window - a few hours before and after the exposure and is recommended only for those under 40 years of age, as the risks of excessive iodine intake outweigh the potential benefits in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zaletel
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Simona Gaberscek
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Fu S, Lu Y, Liu Y. The risk of thyroid cancer after hysterectomy and oophorectomy: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1446303. [PMID: 39381044 PMCID: PMC11460577 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1446303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess whether there is an association between hysterectomy and oophorectomy and risk of primary thyroid cancer. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies published from database inception to May 13, 2024, using medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata statistical software (version 14.0). If P > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%, a fixed-effects model was adopted. If I2 > 50% a random-effects model was adopted. The funnel plot and Egger's test were used to evaluate publication bias. Results A total of 11 studies explored the association between a history of hysterectomy, oophorectomy and the risk of thyroid cancer. The pooling analysis shows that a history of hysterectomy, oophorectomy is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer (HR = 1.597; 95% CI: 1.467-1.738; I2 = 57.1%, P = 0.01 < 0.1). In the subgroup analysis, a follow-up duration exceeding 20 years is linked to an elevated risk of thyroid cancer (HR = 1.772; 95% CI: 1.301-2.414; I² = 81.70%, P = 0.004 > 0.001). Hysterectomy combined with salpingo-oophorectomy is associated with a higher risk of thyroid cancer incidence (HR = 1.633; 95% CI: 1.449-1.841; I² = 51.10%, P = 0.069 > 0.001). Studies that balanced smoking, alcohol consumption, and history of thyroid disease demonstrated an association between hysterectomy and increased risk of thyroid disease (HR = 1.734; 95% CI: 1.591-1.891; I² = 31.30%, P = 0.225 > 0.001). Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals a heightened risk of primary thyroid cancer following hysterectomy and oophorectomy. These findings underscore the importance of considering potential cancer risks when determining surgical approaches and implementing preventive measures prior to these procedures.The meta-analysis was conducted in adherence to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) (1). The protocol was pre-registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) platform, with the registration number CRD42024546451. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42024546451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenguang Fu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Steponaviciene R, Maceika E, Kesminiene A, Smailyte G. Recent insights into trends of thyroid cancer incidence in Lithuanian population exposed to Chernobyl fallout early in life. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116789. [PMID: 39067071 PMCID: PMC11406149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In the last three decades, an increase in thyroid cancer incidence has been observed worldwide, as well as in Lithuania. Although the rise was linked to overdiagnosis, the role of lifestyle and environmental factors, including exposure to ionizing radiation, cannot be excluded. In our retrospective study, we aimed to assess the association between the average age-specific thyroid dose due to the radioactive iodine uptake during childhood and adolescence from the Chernobyl fallout in Lithuania, and the trends of incidence of thyroid cancer from 1991 to 2015 in different regions. Averaged age-dependent thyroid doses were estimated for every municipality based on radioiodine activity in milk, reconstructed from available 131I activity measurements in the grass. Thyroid cancer incidence rates were calculated for the entire population and for two age at the time of exposure groups: 0-19 years and 0-9 years. Thyroid cancer relative risk (RR) was estimated for three municipality-specific thyroid dose (for 0-year-old babies) categories: less than 100 mGy (reference group), 100-199 mGy, and ≥200 mGy. Over the study period (1991-2015), a total of 5664 cases of thyroid cancer were registered in the entire Lithuanian population; 817 cases in the age group from 0 to 19 years at the time of the Chernobyl accident, and 266 cases in the age group from 0 to 9 years. Age-standardized thyroid cancer incidence rates have notably increased since 2000, peaked in 2009 (especially in females), and then slightly decreased and stabilized. The estimated average municipality-specific age-dependent thyroid doses ranged from 270 mGy in western Lithuania to 1.5 mGy in central and northern Lithuania. For the age group of 0-19 years at the time of the accident, in the period 1991-1995, the thyroid cancer relative risk was significantly increased (RR 3.91; 95 % CI: 1.27-10.29, p=0.01) in the highest dose category, compared to the lowest (although based on a small number of cases). For the age group 0-9 years at the time of the accident, a tendency of increased RR in the highest dose category appeared in the most recent period, 2011-2015. Our observations need to be confirmed by further following trends of thyroid cancer incidence in the cohort of 0-19-year-old Lithuanians at the time of the Chernobyl accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Steponaviciene
- External Beam Radiotherapy Department, National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, Vilnius LT-08406, Lithuania.
| | - Evaldas Maceika
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių Ave. 231, Vilnius 02300, Lithuania
| | - Ausrele Kesminiene
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, Lyon Cedex 07 69366, France
| | - Giedre Smailyte
- Public Health Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Ciurlionio. 21, Vilnius LT-03101, Lithuania; Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, P. Baublio 3B, Vilnius LT-08406, Lithuania.
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Baranchukov V, Berezkin V, Kolmykova L. Dataset of iodine concentration in soils and grassland vegetation and radioactive contamination of pastures of the regions of the Russian Federation affected by the Chernobyl NPP accident. Data Brief 2024; 55:110747. [PMID: 39149716 PMCID: PMC11324847 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Iodine is a trace element with an important role in human health. Iodine deficiency is a global health problem that can provoke iodine-deficiency-related thyroid disorders, such as endemic goitre, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, etc. Study of iodine in the soils and vegetation was conducted from 2008 to 2022 in the Bryansk and Oryol regions of Russia. These regions are known to exhibit natural iodine deficiency and have been affected by radioactive contamination following the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Soil and grassland vegetation samples were collected from local pastures near rural settlements. The soil core was divided into layers at the following depths: 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm. The iodine content in all selected samples was determined in the GEOKHI RAS using the kinetic rhodanide-nitrite method. The information in the dataset could be used to assess the iodine deficiency in the environment of other regions situated on similar soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Baranchukov
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 19, Kosygina str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor Berezkin
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 19, Kosygina str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Liudmila Kolmykova
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 19, Kosygina str., Moscow 119991, Russia
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Cahoon EK, Grimm E, Mabuchi K, Mai JZ, Zhang R, Drozdovitch V, Hatch M, Little MP, Peters KO, Bogdanova TI, Shelkovoy E, Shpak VM, Terekhova G, Zamotayeva G, Pasteur IP, Masiuk SV, Chepurny M, Zablotska LB, McConnell R, O’Kane P, Tronko MD, Brenner AV. Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules in Residents of Ukraine Exposed as Children or Adolescents to Iodine-131 from the Chornobyl Accident. Thyroid 2024; 34:890-898. [PMID: 38757581 PMCID: PMC11295839 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background: Although childhood exposure to radioactive iodine-131 (I-131) is an established risk factor for thyroid cancer, evidence for an association with thyroid nodules is less clear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between childhood I-131 exposure and prevalence of ultrasound-detected thyroid nodules overall and by nodule histology/cytology (neoplastic/suspicious/non-neoplastic), size (<10 mm/≥10 mm), and number (single/multiple). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of radiation dose (mean = 0.53 gray, range: 0.0003-31 gray) and screen-detected thyroid nodules conducted in 1998-2000 (median population age 21.5 years) in a cohort of 13,243 residents of Ukraine who were under 18 years at the time of the Chornobyl accident on April 26, 1986. Excess odds ratios per gray (excess odds ratio [EOR]/Gy) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. Results: Among 13,078 eligible individuals, we identified 358 (2.7%) with at least one thyroid nodule. Significantly increased dose-response associations were found for all nodules and nodule groups with doses <5 Gy except individuals with non-neoplastic nodules. Among individuals with doses <5 Gy, the EOR/Gy for neoplastic nodules (5.35; CI: 2.19-15.5) was significantly higher than for non-neoplastic nodules (0.24; CI: 0.07-0.74), but the EOR/Gy did not vary by nodule size or number. Conclusions: Childhood exposure to I-131 is associated with an increased risk of thyroid nodules detected 12-14 years following exposure, and the risk for neoplastic nodules is higher than for non-neoplastic nodules. Analyses of incident thyroid nodules may help clarify dose-response patterns by nodule characteristics and provide insights into thyroid nodule etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Khaykin Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Grimm
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jim Zhiming Mai
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P. Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kamau O. Peters
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tetiana I. Bogdanova
- V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Evgeniy Shelkovoy
- V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktor M. Shpak
- V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Terekhova
- V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Zamotayeva
- V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ihor P. Pasteur
- V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii V. Masiuk
- State Institution “National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Chepurny
- State Institution “National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lydia B. Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert McConnell
- The New York Thyroid Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick O’Kane
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mykola D. Tronko
- V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alina V. Brenner
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Epidemiology, Hiroshima, Japan
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Mahar R, Sandal N. Decorporation dilemma: Interplay of prussian blue and potassium iodide in radioactive contamination. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 277:107458. [PMID: 38781769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The expansion of the nuclear industry has led to various radioactive effluents, originating from routine operations or catastrophic incidents such as those at Three Mile Island (USA), Chernobyl (Ukraine), and Fukushima (Japan). Research conducted after these events emphasizes Cesium-137 (137Cs) and iodine 131 (131I) as major contributors to harmful airborne dispersion and fallout. These isotopes infiltrate the human body via inhalation, ingestion, or wounds, posing significant health risks. Understanding contamination mechanisms and devising effective countermeasures are crucial in mitigating nuclear incident consequences. We propose that concurrent administration of Pru-Decorp™/Pru-Decorp-MG and potassium iodide (KI) could synergistically reduce the levels of 137Cs and block uptake of 131I, respectively, in nuclear incident scenarios. Pru-Decorp™ capsules contain insoluble ferric hexacyanoferrate(II) and are equivalent to USFDA-approved Radiogardase®-Cs, offering radiation exposure mitigation for Cs and Tl contamination. Pru-Decorp-MG capsules consist of insoluble PB and magnesium hydroxide, serving as a prophylactic measure to reduce the risk of internal Cs and Tl contamination for rescue responders. Pru-Decorp™/Pru-Decorp-MG binds Cs/Tl ions in the gastrointestinal tract, hindering absorption and promoting excretion, while KI saturates the thyroid gland with stable iodine, decreasing the uptake of radioactive iodine isotopes. Our hypothesis is supported by studies demonstrating the effectiveness of combination therapies, such as calcium alginate, iron(III) ferrocyanide, and KI, in decreasing the retention of radioisotopes in vital organs. To test this hypothesis, we propose a comprehensive research plan, including in vitro studies simulating gastrointestinal conditions, animal studies to evaluate the efficacy of both drugs simultaneously, and safety clinical trials comparing Pru-Decorp™/Pru-Decorp-MG alone, KI alone, and their combination. Expected outcomes include insights into the synergistic effects of Pru-Decorp™/Pru-Decorp-MG and KI, guiding the development of optimized treatment protocols for simultaneous administration during radioactive contamination incidents. This research aims to address significant critical gaps in nuclear incident preparedness by providing evidence-based recommendations for concurrent antidote use in scenarios involving multiple isotope contamination. Ultimately, this will enhance public health and safety during nuclear emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Mahar
- Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Nidhi Sandal
- Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, 110054, India.
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Ludgate ME, Masetti G, Soares P. The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01003-w. [PMID: 38906998 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Disorders of the thyroid gland are common, more prevalent in women than in men, and range from inflammatory to neoplastic lesions. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) affect 2-5% of the population, while thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy. Treatment for AITD is still restricted to management rather than prevention or cure. Progress has been made in identifying genetic variants that predispose to AITD and thyroid cancer, but the increasing prevalence of all thyroid disorders indicates that factors other than genes are involved. The gut microbiota, which begins to develop before birth, is highly sensitive to diet and the environment, providing a potential mechanism for non-communicable diseases to become communicable. Its functions extend beyond maintenance of gut integrity: the gut microbiota regulates the immune system, contributes to thyroid hormone metabolism and can generate or catabolize carcinogens, all of which are relevant to AITD and thyroid cancer. Observational and interventional studies in animal models support a role for the gut microbiota in AITD, which has been confirmed in some reports from human cohorts, although considerable geographic variation is apparent. Reports of a role for the microbiota in thyroid cancer are more limited, but evidence supports a relationship between gut dysbiosis and thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Soares
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (I3S), Porto, Portugal
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Janiak MK, Kamiński G. Thyroid Cancer in Regions Most Contaminated after the Chernobyl Disaster. J Biomed Phys Eng 2024; 14:299-308. [PMID: 39027710 PMCID: PMC11252555 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2402-1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation, especially during childhood, is a well-established risk factor for thyroid cancer. Following the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident the total number of cases of thyroid cancer registered between 1991 and 2015 in males and females who were less than 18 years old exceeded 19,000 (in Belarus and Ukraine, and in the most contaminated oblasts of the Russian Federation). However, as indicated by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation the fraction of the incidence of thyroid cancer attributable to radiation exposure among the non-evacuated residents of the contaminated regions of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia is of the order of 0.25. Apparently, the increased registration of thyroid neoplasms in the parts of these countries is a classical 'screening effect', i.e., massive diagnostic examinations of the risk-aware populations performed with modern eqipment resulting in detection of many occult neoplasms (incidentalomas). Moreover, one type of thyroid cancer previously called 'encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma' is non-invasive and instead of 'carcinoma' should now be recognized as 'noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features.' Other potential causes of overdiagnosing of thyroid tumors include increase of the spontaneous incidence rate of this disease with age, iodine deficiency among children from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, and/or consumption by these children of drinking water containing high levels of nitrates that likely coincides with the carcinogenic effect of radiation on the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek K Janiak
- Professor Emeritus, Former Head of the Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kamiński
- Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Radioisotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Liutsko L, Igumnov S, Drozdovitch V, Cardis E. Association between radiation dose, thyroid hormone, and IQ levels in children exposed to radiation in utero after the Chernobyl accident. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1364-1370. [PMID: 38748999 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2345088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the effects of n utero radiation exposure on human health and cognition and none have taken into account thyroid hormone levels (T3), which have shown to affect cognitive performance. We investigated mechanisms of possible radiation effects on IQ in two cohorts of 250 persons each: exposed n utero after the Chernobyl accident: a 'higher exposure group (HEG)', whose mothers resided in more heavily contaminated territories at the time of the Chernobyl accident, and a 'lesser exposure group (LEG)' whose mothers resided in less contaminated areas. The dataset included information on estimated prenatal thyroid radiation dose, gestation week at the time of the accident (ATA); thyroid hormones: T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) levels measured at age 11-12 years and general IQ measured at three time points: t1: 6-7 years old; t2: 11-12 years old and t3: 15-16 years old. Descriptive and inference analyses were used to explore the dynamic of changes through time and the associations between key variables at the three time points. Estimated radiation doses to the thyroid gland were substantially higher in the HEG than in the LEG (mean 391 vs 25 mGy respectively). Significant differences in thyroid hormones levels were observed between the two groups, with lower values in T3 (higher in T4) in the LEG. At t1, the general IQ, as well as verbal and non-verbal IQ scores, were lower in the HEG than in the LEG. In the HEG, analyses adjusting simultaneously for radiation dose, gestational week ATA and T3 levels suggest that all three variables are associated with IQ, with the latter being highest among those exposed later during gestation and decreasing with increasing level of dose and of T3. No significant association was observed between IQ and T4 levels. No effect of exposure on IQ was seen in the LEG. Further investigation of this hypothesis will be important to understand the relation between n utero exposure radiation dose to thyroid, thyroid hormone levels and IQ, taking into account effects of potential confounding factors (physiological stress, maternal anxiety related evacuation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Liutsko
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
- ICS & GRASSIR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergey Igumnov
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Minsk, Belarus
- Institute of Psychology, Belarusian State Pedagogical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Song C, Luo JY, Pang YY, He RQ, Li XJ, Chen G, Zhao CY, Qu N, Chen YM, Yang L, Li BQ, Shi L. Historical context, process, and development trends of pediatric thyroid cancer research: a bibliometric analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1340872. [PMID: 38463235 PMCID: PMC10921230 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1340872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective At present, the structure of knowledge in the field of childhood thyroid cancer is not clear enough, and scholars lack a sufficient understanding of the developing trends in this field, which has led to a shortage of forward-looking outputs. The purpose of this research is to help scholars construct a complete knowledge framework and identify current challenges, opportunities, and development trends. Methods We searched the literature in the Web of Science Core Collection database on August 7, 2023 and extracted key information from the top 100 most cited articles, such as the countries, institutions, authors, themes, and keywords. We used bibliometric tools such as bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace for a visualization analysis and Excel for statistical descriptions. Results The top 100 most cited articles fluctuated over time, and the research was concentrated in European countries, the United States, and Japan, among which scientific research institutions and scholars from the United States made outstanding contributions. Keyword analysis revealed that research has shifted from simple treatment methods for pediatric thyroid cancer (total thyroidectomy) and inducing factors (the Chernobyl power station accident) to the clinical applications of genetic mutations (such as the BRAF and RET genes) and larger-scale genetic changes (mutation studies of the DICER1 gene). The thematic strategy analysis showed an increasing trend towards the popularity of fusion oncogenes, while the popularity of research on traditional treatments and diagnostics has gradually declined. Conclusion Extensive research has been conducted on the basic problems of pediatric thyroid cancer, and there has been significant outputs in the follow-up and cohort analysis of conventional diagnostic and treatment methods. However, these methods still have certain limitations. Therefore, scholars should focus on exploring fusion genes, the clinical applications of molecular targets, and novel treatment methods. This study provides a strong reference for scholars in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Song
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-Yan Pang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Mei Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bi-Qi Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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13
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Abstract
Importance Approximately 43 720 new cases of thyroid carcinoma are expected to be diagnosed in 2023 in the US. Five-year relative survival is approximately 98.5%. This review summarizes current evidence regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of early-stage and advanced thyroid cancer. Observations Papillary thyroid cancer accounts for approximately 84% of all thyroid cancers. Papillary, follicular (≈4%), and oncocytic (≈2%) forms arise from thyroid follicular cells and are termed well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Aggressive forms of follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer are poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (≈5%) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (≈1%). Medullary thyroid cancer (≈4%) arises from parafollicular C cells. Most cases of well-differentiated thyroid cancer are asymptomatic and detected during physical examination or incidentally found on diagnostic imaging studies. For microcarcinomas (≤1 cm), observation without surgical resection can be considered. For tumors larger than 1 cm with or without lymph node metastases, surgery with or without radioactive iodine is curative in most cases. Surgical resection is the preferred approach for patients with recurrent locoregional disease. For metastatic disease, surgical resection or stereotactic body irradiation is favored over systemic therapy (eg, lenvatinib, dabrafenib). Antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitors (eg, sorafenib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib) are approved for thyroid cancer that does not respond to radioactive iodine, with response rates 12% to 65%. Targeted therapies such as dabrafenib and selpercatinib are directed to genetic mutations (BRAF, RET, NTRK, MEK) that give rise to thyroid cancer and are used in patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma. Conclusions Approximately 44 000 new cases of thyroid cancer are diagnosed each year in the US, with a 5-year relative survival of 98.5%. Surgery is curative in most cases of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Radioactive iodine treatment after surgery improves overall survival in patients at high risk of recurrence. Antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitors and targeted therapies to genetic mutations that give rise to thyroid cancer are increasingly used in the treatment of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boucai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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14
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Saenko V, Mitsutake N. Radiation-Related Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:1-29. [PMID: 37450579 PMCID: PMC10765163 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is an environmental factor that elevates the risk of developing thyroid cancer. Actual and possible scenarios of exposures to external and internal radiation are multiple and diverse. This article reviews radiation doses to the thyroid and corresponding cancer risks due to planned, existing, and emergency exposure situations, and medical, public, and occupational categories of exposures. Any exposure scenario may deliver a range of doses to the thyroid, and the risk for cancer is addressed along with modifying factors. The consequences of the Chornobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents are described, summarizing the information on thyroid cancer epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis, clinicopathological characteristics, and genetic alterations. The Chornobyl thyroid cancers have evolved in time: becoming less aggressive and driver shifting from fusions to point mutations. A comparison of thyroid cancers from the 2 areas reveals numerous differences that cumulatively suggest the low probability of the radiogenic nature of thyroid cancers in Fukushima. In view of continuing usage of different sources of radiation in various settings, the possible ways of reducing thyroid cancer risk from exposures are considered. For external exposures, reasonable measures are generally in line with the As Low As Reasonably Achievable principle, while for internal irradiation from radioactive iodine, thyroid blocking with stable iodine may be recommended in addition to other measures in case of anticipated exposures from a nuclear reactor accident. Finally, the perspectives of studies of radiation effects on the thyroid are discussed from the epidemiological, basic science, and clinical points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Saenko
- Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Norisato Mitsutake
- Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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15
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Ali S, Baloch SB, Bernas J, Konvalina P, Onyebuchi EF, Naveed M, Ali H, Jamali ZH, Nezhad MTK, Mustafa A. Phytotoxicity of radionuclides: A review of sources, impacts and remediation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117479. [PMID: 37884073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Various anthropogenic activities and natural sources contribute to the presence of radioactive materials in the environment, posing a serious threat to phytotoxicity. Contamination of soil and water by radioactive isotopes degrades the environmental quality and biodiversity. They persist in soils for a considerable amount of time and disturb the fauna and flora of any affected area. Hence, their removal from the contaminated medium is inevitable to prevent their entry into the food chain and the organisms at higher levels of the food chain. Physicochemical methods for radioactive element remediation are effective; however, they are not eco-friendly, can be expensive and impractical for large-scale remediation. Contrastingly, different bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation using appropriate plant species for removing the radionuclides from the polluted sites, and microbe-based remediation, represent promising alternatives for cleanup. In this review, sources of radionuclides in soil as well as their hazardous impacts on plants are discussed. Moreover, various conventional physicochemical approaches used for remediation discussed in detail. Similarly, the effectiveness and superiority of various bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation and microbe-based remediation, over traditional approaches have been explained in detail. In the end, future perspectives related to enhancing the efficiency of the phytoremediation process have been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Ali
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sadia Babar Baloch
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Bernas
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Konvalina
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eze Festus Onyebuchi
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Ali
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zameer Hussain Jamali
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental 13 Gardening, Lidicka, 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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16
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Tondel M, Nordquist T, Isaksson M, Rääf C, Wålinder R. Dose-response analysis of protracted absorbed organ dose and site-specific cancer incidence in Sweden after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e277. [PMID: 38912388 PMCID: PMC11189684 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adult males in Sweden exhibit an increased risk of cancer associated with an increased absorbed dose to the colon from the Chernobyl accident. Methods A closed cohort, with information on hunter status, included all individuals living in northern Sweden in 1986. Complete annual information on exposure to 137Cs at the dwelling coordinate was available for a total of 2,104,101 individuals. A nested case-control method with four controls matched for year of cancer diagnosis and year of birth, was used. Individual absorbed organ doses were calculated between 1986 and 2020 including external and internal exposure. Hazard ratios (HR) per mGy with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for rural/nonrural habitat, education level and pre-Chernobyl cancer incidence 1980 to 1985. A total of 161,325 cancer cases in males and 144,439 in females were included. Results The adjusted HR per mGy for all cancer sites combined was 1.027 (95% CI = 1.022, 1.031) in males and 1.011 (95% CI = 1.006, 1.017) in females. In a post hoc analysis accounting for both remaining confounding from hunter lifestyle and the pre-Chernobyl cancer incidence by county, the adjusted HR per mGy for all cancer sites combined was 1.014 (95% CI = 1.009, 1.019) in males and 1.000 (95% CI = 0.994, 1.006) in females. The post hoc analysis suggested an increased risk of cancer in the colon, pancreas, and stomach, respectively, in males, and lymphoma in females. Conclusions Increased cancer risk estimates were found for some specific cancer sites but remaining uncontrolled confounding due to hunter lifestyle could not be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tondel
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordquist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Isaksson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Rääf
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robert Wålinder
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Mirkatouli NB, Hirota S, Yoshinaga S. Thyroid cancer risk after radiation exposure in adults-systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:893-903. [PMID: 37816676 PMCID: PMC10665305 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Notably, the growing use of radionuclear technology, especially in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures involving radiation exposure, raises concerns about the health effects of radiation. Although epidemiological studies have provided strong evidence for elevated thyroid cancer risk after radiation exposure in childhood, the risk of thyroid cancer associated with adult exposure remains to be investigated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies on the risk of developing thyroid cancer after radiation exposure in adulthood. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were used to select eligible articles. After screening, a total of 15 studies were identified in which estimates of the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and the relative risk (RR) of thyroid cancer were available in 8 and 11 studies, respectively. The overall SIR estimated by the random effects model was 2.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.54, 3.10]. Cochran's Q test showed significant heterogeneity in the SIRs (Q = 178, P < 0.0001). The overall RR at 10 mGy was 1.0038 (95% CI, 0.9991, 1.0085), with no significant heterogeneity (Q = 9.30, P = 0.5041). The total SIR, as well as that from each study, indicated a statistically significant excess, which could be related to screening bias. Radiation-related thyroid cancer risk was elevated in a few studies; however, the overall estimate of the RR at 10 mGy was not significant. This study demonstrates no strong epidemiological evidence for the risk of thyroid cancer in radiation exposure during adulthood; however, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Beygom Mirkatouli
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 732-8553, Japan
| | - Seiko Hirota
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 732-8553, Japan
| | - Shinji Yoshinaga
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 732-8553, Japan
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18
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Mangion J, Gruppetta M. The environmental burden on endocrine neoplasia: a review on the documented impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:513-524. [PMID: 37840278 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2268215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have gained more importance in the past decade, mostly due to their role in the pathogenesis of disease, especially in carcinogenesis. However, there is limited literature on the environmental burden on some of the less common endocrine neoplasia. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on both observational and experimental studies linking exposure to EDCs and endocrine neoplasia specifically pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and neuroendocrine tumors. Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of English peer-reviewed literature was performed using Medline and Google Scholar, giving preference to recent publications. EXPERT OPINION Exposure to EDC occurs not only in the household but also at work, whether it is in the office, factory, or farm and during transport from one location to another. Many studies have evaluated the effect of single environmental agents; however, humans are rarely exposed to only one EDC. Different EDCs and different levels of exposure may interact together to provide either a synergistic and/or an antagonistic disruption on human health, and hence a complex mechanism to elucidate. The ultimate adverse effect is difficult to predict, as it is not only influenced by the degree of exposure, but also by genetics, lifestyle, comorbidities, and other stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mangion
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Neuroendocrine Clinic, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Mark Gruppetta
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Neuroendocrine Clinic, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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19
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Fagin JA, Krishnamoorthy GP, Landa I. Pathogenesis of cancers derived from thyroid follicular cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:631-650. [PMID: 37438605 PMCID: PMC10763075 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The genomic simplicity of differentiated cancers derived from thyroid follicular cells offers unique insights into how oncogenic drivers impact tumour phenotype. Essentially, the main oncoproteins in thyroid cancer activate nodes in the receptor tyrosine kinase-RAS-BRAF pathway, which constitutively induces MAPK signalling to varying degrees consistent with their specific biochemical mechanisms of action. The magnitude of the flux through the MAPK signalling pathway determines key elements of thyroid cancer biology, including differentiation state, invasive properties and the cellular composition of the tumour microenvironment. Progression of disease results from genomic lesions that drive immortalization, disrupt chromatin accessibility and cause cell cycle checkpoint dysfunction, in conjunction with a tumour microenvironment characterized by progressive immunosuppression. This Review charts the genomic trajectories of these common endocrine tumours, while connecting them to the biological states that they confer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Gnana P Krishnamoorthy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iñigo Landa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Bukasa-Kakamba J, Bangolo AI, Bayauli P, Mbunga B, Iyese F, Nkodila A, Atoot A, Anand G, Lee SH, Chaudhary M, Fernandes PQ, Mannam HPSS, Polavarapu A, Merajunnissa M, Azhar A, Alichetty MN, Singh G, Arana Jr GV, Sekhon I, Singh M, Rodriguez-Castro JD, Atoot A, Weissman S, M’buyamba JR. Proportion of thyroid cancer and other cancers in the democratic republic of Congo. World J Exp Med 2023; 13:17-27. [PMID: 37396884 PMCID: PMC10308319 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v13.i3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer diagnosis is increasing around the world and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The proportion of thyroid cancer has increased over the past three decades. There are very few studies on cancer epidemiology, and in particular on thyroid cancer in the DRC.
AIM To establish the most recent proportion of thyroid cancer in the DRC compared to other cancers.
METHODS This is a retrospective and descriptive study of 6106 consecutive cancer cases listed in the pathological registers of 4 Laboratories in the city of Kinshasa. This study included all cancer cases recorded in the registers between 2005 and 2019.
RESULTS From a sample of 6106 patients, including all cancer types, 68.3% cases were female and 31.7% were male. Breast and cervical cancer were the most common types of cancer in women and, prostate and skin cancer were the most common types in men. Thyroid cancer was sixth in proportion in women and eleventh in men compared to all cancers. Papillary carcinoma was the most common of thyroid cancers. Rare cancers such as anaplastic and medullary thyroid carcinomas had a proportion of 7% and 2%, respectively.
CONCLUSION Newer diagnostic tools led to a surge in cancer diagnoses in the DRC. Thyroid cancer has more than doubled its proportion over the last several decades in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bukasa-Kakamba
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Ayrton I Bangolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Pascal Bayauli
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Branly Mbunga
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Francis Iyese
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Aliocha Nkodila
- Family Medicine, Protestant University of Congo, Kinshasa Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Ali Atoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Gaurav Anand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Stacy H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Maimona Chaudhary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Pamela Q Fernandes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Hari PSS Mannam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Adithya Polavarapu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Merajunissa Merajunnissa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Abdullah Azhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Mohan N Alichetty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Gauravdeep Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Georgemar V Arana Jr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Imranjot Sekhon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Manbir Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - José D Rodriguez-Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Adam Atoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack University-Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Simcha Weissman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Jean Rene M’buyamba
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa Kinshasa, Congo
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21
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de Vathaire F, Zidane M, Xhaard C, Souchard V, Chevillard S, Ory C, Rachédi F, Nunez S, Leufroy A, Noël L, Guérin T, Shan L, Bost-Bezeaud F, Petitdier P, Soubiran G, Allodji R, Ren Y, Doyon F, Taquet M, Gardon J, Bouville A, Drozdovitch V. Assessment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas in French Polynesia After Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Performed by France. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2311908. [PMID: 37145599 PMCID: PMC10163383 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Due to the amount of iodine 131 released in nuclear tests and its active uptake by the thyroid, differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most serious health risk for the population living near sites of nuclear tests. Whether low doses to the thyroid from nuclear fallout are associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer remains a controversial issue in medicine and public health, and a misunderstanding of this issue may be associated with overdiagnosis of DTCs. Design, Setting, and Participants This case-control study was conducted by extending a case-control study published in 2010 that included DTCs diagnosed between 1984 and 2003 by adding DTCs diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 and improving the dose assessment methodology. Data on 41 atmospheric nuclear tests conducted by France between 1966 and 1974 in French Polynesia (FP) were assessed from original internal radiation-protection reports, which the French military declassified in 2013 and which included measurements in soil, air, water, milk, and food in all FP archipelagos. These original reports led to an upward reassessment of the nuclear fallout from the tests and a doubling of estimates of the mean thyroid radiation dose received by inhabitants from 2 mGy to nearly 5 mGy. Included patients were diagnosed from 1984 to 2016 with DTC at age 55 years or younger and were born in and resided in FP at diagnosis; 395 of 457 eligible cases were included, and up to 2 controls per case nearest by birthdate and matched on sex were identified from the FP birth registry. Data were analyzed from March 2019 through October 2021. Exposure The radiation dose to the thyroid gland was estimated using recently declassified original radiation-protection service reports, meteorological reports, self-reported lifestyle information, and group interviews of key informants and female individuals who had children at the time of these tests. Main Outcomes and Measures The lifetime risk of DTC based on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VII models was estimated. Results A total of 395 DTC cases (336 females [85.1%]; mean [SD] age at end of follow-up, 43.6 [12.9] years) and 555 controls (473 females [85.2%]; mean [SD] age at end of follow-up, 42.3 [12.5] years) were included. No association was found between thyroid radiation dose received before age 15 years and risk of DTC (excess relative risk [ERR] per milligray, 0.04; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.17; P = .27). When excluding unifocal noninvasive microcarcinomas, the dose response was significant (ERR per milligray, 0.09; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.02; P = .02), but several incoherencies with the results of the initial study reduce the credibility of this result. The lifetime risk for the entire FP population was 29 cases of DTC (95% CI, 8-97 cases), or 2.3% (95% CI, 0.6%-7.7%) of 1524 sporadic DTC cases in this population. Conclusions and Relevance This case-control study found that French nuclear tests were associated with an increase in lifetime risk of PTC in FP residents of 29 cases of PTC. This finding suggests that the number of thyroid cancer cases and the true order of magnitude of health outcomes associated with these nuclear tests were small, which may reassure populations of this Pacific territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Monia Zidane
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Constance Xhaard
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Now with University of Lorraine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CIC 1433, Nancy, Centre HospitalierRegional Universitaire, U1116, Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Souchard
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvie Chevillard
- Laboratoire de recherche sur la Réparation et la Transcription dans les Cellules Souches Hématopoïétiques, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Ory
- Laboratoire de recherche sur la Réparation et la Transcription dans les Cellules Souches Hématopoïétiques, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
- University Paris-Saclay, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Rachédi
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Sébastien Nunez
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Axelle Leufroy
- Agence Nationale Sécurité Sanitaire Alimentaire Nationale, Laboratory for Food Safety, F94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Noël
- French Directorate General for Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-16 Food and Forestry, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- Agence Nationale Sécurité Sanitaire Alimentaire Nationale, Strategy and Programmes Department, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Larys Shan
- Private practice, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Frédérique Bost-Bezeaud
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cytopathology, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Patrice Petitdier
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cytopathology, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Gilles Soubiran
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Rodrigue Allodji
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yan Ren
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Doyon
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Taquet
- Research Institute for Development, Arue, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Jacques Gardon
- HydroSciences Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Research Institute for Development, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - André Bouville
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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Su J, Lu J, Zhang J, Wang M, Yan J, Lin S. A meta-analysis of the efficacy and toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treating patients with different types of thyroid cancer: how to choose drugs appropriately? Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:132-144. [PMID: 36721897 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Because the high risk of death and poor prognosis of patients with refractory thyroid cancer (TC), studies related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treating different types of refractory TC have gradually attracted attention. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials and single-arm trials to evaluate tyrosine kinase inhibitors' efficacy and safety profile treatment in TC patients. RECENT FINDINGS The studies of 29 in 287 met the criteria, 9 were randomized controlled trials and 20 were single-arm trials, involving 11 TKIs (Apatinib, Anlotinib, Cabozantinib, Imatinib, Lenvatinib, Motesanib, Pazopanib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib, Vemurafenib). Treatment with TKIs significantly improved progression-free survival [hazard ratio [HR] 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24, 0.48), P < 0.00001] and overall survival [OS] [HR 0.76, (95% CI: 0.64, 0.91), P = 0.003] in randomized controlled trials, but adverse events (AEs) were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.00001). The result of the objective response rate (ORR) in single-arm trials was statistically significant [odds ratio [OR] 0.49 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.75), P = 0.001]. SUMMARY TKIs significantly prolonged progression-free survival and OS or improved ORR in patients with different types of TC (P < 0.01). Our recommendation is to select appropriate TKIs to treat different types of TC patients, and to prevent and manage drug-related AEs after using TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Su
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Menglei Wang
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Jiang Yan
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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The effect of exposure on cattle thyroid after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21754. [PMID: 36526648 PMCID: PMC9758204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear plant accidents can be a risk for thyroid cancer due to iodine radioisotopes. Near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, cattle were exposed to radiation after the accident occurred in May 2011. Here we estimated the total radiation exposure to cattle thyroid and its effects on thyroid function. Until October 2016, the estimated external exposure dose in Farm A was 1416 mGy, while internal exposure dose of 131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs were 85, 8.8, and 9.7 mGy in Farm A and 34, 0.2, and 0.3 mGy in Farm B, respectively. The exposed cattle had thyroid with relatively lower weight and lower level of stable iodine, which did not exhibit any pathological findings. Compared with the control, the plasma level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was higher in Farm A cattle born before the accident, while the plasma thyroxine (T4) was higher in Farm A cattle born after the accident, suggesting that exposed cattle showed slight hyperactivation of the thyroid gland. In addition, Farm A cattle have higher level of cortisol, one of the anterior pituitary gland-derived hormones. However, we did not observe a causal relationship between the radiation exposure and cattle thyroid.
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24
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Kruger E, Toraih EA, Hussein MH, Shehata SA, Waheed A, Fawzy MS, Kandil E. Thyroid Carcinoma: A Review for 25 Years of Environmental Risk Factors Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246172. [PMID: 36551665 PMCID: PMC9777404 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are established contributors to thyroid carcinomas. Due to their known ability to cause cancer, exposure to several organic and inorganic chemical toxicants and radiation from nuclear weapons, fallout, or medical radiation poses a threat to global public health. Halogenated substances like organochlorines and pesticides can interfere with thyroid function. Like phthalates and bisphenolates, polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites, along with polybrominated diethyl ethers, impact thyroid hormones biosynthesis, transport, binding to target organs, and impair thyroid function. A deeper understanding of environmental exposure is crucial for managing and preventing thyroid cancer. This review aims to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kruger
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eman A. Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.A.T.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Mohammad H. Hussein
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shaimaa A. Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amani Waheed
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.A.T.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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25
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Effects of activation parameters on Zeolitic imidazolate framework JUC-160-derived, nitrogen-doped hierarchical nanoporous carbon and its volatile iodine capture properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Mothersill C, Cocchetto A, Seymour C. Low Dose and Non-Targeted Radiation Effects in Environmental Protection and Medicine-A New Model Focusing on Electromagnetic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11118. [PMID: 36232421 PMCID: PMC9570230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of signalling in initiating and perpetuating effects triggered by deposition of ionising radiation energy in parts of a system is very clear. Less clear are the very early steps involved in converting energy to chemical and biological effects in non-targeted parts of the system. The paper aims to present a new model, which could aid our understanding of the role of low dose effects in determining ultimate disease outcomes. We propose a key role for electromagnetic signals resulting from physico-chemical processes such as excitation decay, and acoustic waves. These lead to the initiation of damage response pathways such as elevation of reactive oxygen species and membrane associated changes in key ion channels. Critically, these signalling pathways allow coordination of responses across system levels. For example, depending on how these perturbations are transduced, adverse or beneficial outcomes may predominate. We suggest that by appreciating the importance of signalling and communication between multiple levels of organisation, a unified theory could emerge. This would allow the development of models incorporating time, space and system level to position data in appropriate areas of a multidimensional domain. We propose the use of the term "infosome" to capture the nature of radiation-induced communication systems which include physical as well as chemical signals. We have named our model "the variable response model" or "VRM" which allows for multiple outcomes following exposure to low doses or to signals from low dose irradiated cells, tissues or organisms. We suggest that the use of both dose and infosome in radiation protection might open up new conceptual avenues that could allow intrinsic uncertainty to be embraced within a holistic protection framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alan Cocchetto
- National CFIDS Foundation, 285 Beach Ave., Hull, MA 02045-1602, USA
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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27
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Llaha F, Cayssials V, Farràs M, Agudo A, Sandström M, Eriksen AK, Tjønneland A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Laouali N, Truong T, Le Cornet C, Katzke V, Schulze M, Palli D, Krogh V, Signoriello S, Tumino R, Ricceri F, Skeie G, Jensen TME, Chen SLF, Lasheras C, Rodriguez-Barranco M, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Guevara M, Almquist M, Nilson LM, Hennings J, Papier K, Heath A, Weiderpass E, Rinaldi S, Zamora-Ros R. Adherence to mediterranean diet and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in a European cohort: The EPIC study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:982369. [PMID: 36118743 PMCID: PMC9481277 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.982369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a healthy diet with a potential to lower the incidence of several types of cancer, but there is no data regarding thyroid cancer (TC). We investigated the association between MD adherence, and its components, and the differentiated TC risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods Over 450,000 men and women from nine European countries were followed up for a mean of 14.1 years, during which 712 differentiated TC cases were identified. Adherence to MD was estimated using the relative MD (rMED) score, an 18-point scale including alcohol, and the adapted rMED (arMED) score, a 16-point scale excluding alcohol. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results Adherence to the arMED score was not associated with the risk of differentiated TC (HRhigh vs. low adherence = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70-1.25; p-trend 0.27), while a suggestive, but non-statistically significant inverse relationship was observed with rMED (HRhigh vs. low adherence = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68-1.14; p-trend 0.17). Low meat (HRlow vs. high meat intake = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.99; p-trend = 0.04) and moderate alcohol (HRmoderate vs. non-moderate intake = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75-1.03) intake were related with lower differentiated TC risk. Conclusions Our study shows that a high adherence to MD is not strongly related to differentiated TC risk, although further research is required to confirm the impact of MD and, especially, meat intake in TC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fjorida Llaha
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valerie Cayssials
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marta Farràs
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Sandström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Kirstine Eriksen
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- University Paris-Saclay, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gustave Roussy, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Team "Exposome and Heredity", Villejuif, France
| | - Nasser Laouali
- University Paris-Saclay, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gustave Roussy, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Team "Exposome and Heredity", Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- University Paris-Saclay, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gustave Roussy, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Team "Exposome and Heredity", Villejuif, France
| | - Charlotte Le Cornet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - Institute for the Study and Prevention of Cancer, Florence, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Signoriello
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Vanvitelli University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research (AIRE -ONLUS), Ragusa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torill Miriam Enget Jensen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sairah Lai Fa Chen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cristina Lasheras
- Department of Functional Biology. Medical School. University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Martin Almquist
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Maria Nilson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joakim Hennings
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer - World Health Organization (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer - World Health Organization (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Little MP, Cahoon EK, Gudzenko N, Mabuchi K, Drozdovitch V, Hatch M, Brenner AV, Vij V, Chizhov K, Bakhanova E, Trotsyuk N, Kryuchkov V, Golovanov I, Chumak V, Bazyka D. Impact of uncertainties in exposure assessment on thyroid cancer risk among cleanup workers in Ukraine exposed due to the Chornobyl accident. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:837-847. [PMID: 35226216 PMCID: PMC10641599 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A large excess risk of thyroid cancer was observed among Belarusian/Russian/Baltic Chornobyl cleanup workers. A more recent study of Ukraine cleanup workers found more modest excess risks of thyroid cancer. Dose errors in this data are substantial, associated with model uncertainties and questionnaire response. Regression calibration is often used for dose-error adjustment, but may not adequately account for the full error distribution. We aimed to examine the impact of exposure-assessment uncertainties on thyroid cancer among Ukrainian cleanup workers using Monte Carlo maximum likelihood, and compare with results derived using regression calibration. Analyses assessed the sensitivity of results to various components of internal and external dose. Regression calibration yielded an excess odds ratio per Gy (EOR/Gy) of 0.437 (95% CI - 0.042, 1.577, p = 0.100), compared with the EOR/Gy using Monte Carlo maximum likelihood of 0.517 (95% CI - 0.039, 2.035, p = 0.093). Trend risk estimates for follicular morphology tumors exhibited much more extreme effects of full-likelihood adjustment, the EOR/Gy using regression calibration of 3.224 (95% CI - 0.082, 30.615, p = 0.068) becoming ~ 50% larger, 4.708 (95% CI - 0.075, 85.143, p = 0.066) when using Monte Carlo maximum likelihood. Results were sensitive to omission of external components of dose. In summary, use of Monte Carlo maximum likelihood adjustment for dose error led to increases in trend risks, particularly for follicular morphology thyroid cancers, where risks increased by ~ 50%, and were borderline significant. The unexpected finding for follicular tumors needs to be replicated in other exposed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Gudzenko
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Vibha Vij
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Konstantin Chizhov
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elena Bakhanova
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Trotsyuk
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Victor Kryuchkov
- Burnasyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Centre, 46 Zhivopisnaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 123182
| | - Ivan Golovanov
- Burnasyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Centre, 46 Zhivopisnaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 123182
| | - Vadim Chumak
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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29
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Sohrabi R, Miri-Hakimabad H, Hoseinian-Azghadi E, Vega-Carrillo HR. Age-specific calibration for in vivo monitoring of thyroid: is it necessary? RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:399-406. [PMID: 35842886 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Usually, an age-specific calibration of detectors used for in vivo monitoring of 131I thyroid radioactivity is not performed in practice. This study aimed to investigate the reduction in uncertainty that one can expect if an age-specific calibration is performed. For this, voxel and stylized computational phantoms of the thyroid, corresponding to children at different age groups, were used to simulate the calibration process of 131I detectors used for thyroid monitoring. SCK•CEN physical phantoms were also used for this purpose. Both analytical and Monte Carlo methods (MCNPX version 2.6.0) were used to estimate the counting efficiencies of the considered detectors. The results show that the uncertainties in the assessment of thyroid activity at a distance of 20 cm would be reduced from a range of +8% to +30%, to a range from - 6% to +15% when age-specific calibration was performed. Using a calibration based on thyroids of adults would result in an overestimation of the thyroid activity for children by up to 30% at a detector-neck distance of about 20 cm; a larger overestimation may be expected at closer distances. It is concluded that age-specific calibration of in vivo monitoring systems for the thyroid is important and has to be taken into consideration to improve the reliability of thyroid dose assessment for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Sohrabi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi square, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran
| | - Hashem Miri-Hakimabad
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi square, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran.
| | | | - Héctor René Vega-Carrillo
- Unidad Academica de Estudios Nucleares de La Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, C. Cipres 10, Fracc. La Peñuela, 98068, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
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30
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Willems P, Carr Z, Dreger S, Zeeb H, Tchilian-Teng N, Smith V, Van Bladel L. Survey on national practices regarding iodine thyroid blocking in 2016-2017. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCES 2022; 8:None. [PMID: 35782592 PMCID: PMC9192754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Severe nuclear accidents may lead to a release of radioactivity, including radioactive iodine, into the environment. The thyroid gland in the human body needs natural or stable iodine to function properly and this iodine is normally absorbed in small quantities from food. Following a release of radioactive iodine from a nuclear or radiological accident, the body will absorb and accumulate the radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland. This increases the risk of thyroid cancer, especially in children. Since the thyroid gland cannot distinguish between radioactive and stable iodine, stable iodine can be taken to prevent the absorption of radioiodine by the thyroid in the event of a nuclear emergency. This is referred to as Iodine Thyroid Blocking (ITB). In 2017, the World Health Organization published revised guidelines entitled 'Iodine Thyroid Blocking: guidelines for use in planning for and responding to radiological and nuclear emergencies'. The purpose of these guidelines is to support Member States in planning for and implementation of ITB before and during a radiation emergency. To enable the monitoring and measurement of the impact of a specific recommended intervention, a baseline should be established against which the impact will be measured over a certain period of time. With that in mind, a global WHO survey of national policies on ITB was carried out in 2016-2017. Here, an overview of some core findings of this survey is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Willems
- Federal Agency for Nuclear Control, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhanat Carr
- Department of Environment, World Health Organization, Climate Change and Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Dreger
- Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany
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31
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Kitahara CM, Schneider AB. Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1284-1297. [PMID: 35775227 PMCID: PMC9473679 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Arthur B Schneider
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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32
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Korobova EM, Baranchukov VS, Kurnosova IV, Silenok AV. Spatial geochemical differentiation of the iodine-induced health risk and distribution of thyroid cancer among urban and rural population of the Central Russian plain affected by the Chernobyl NPP accident. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1875-1891. [PMID: 34689286 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The main goal was to study the spatial distribution of thyroid cancer (THYC) among the population of urban and rural settlements of four regions of Russia, which were characterized by different contents of stable iodine in soils and exposed to radioactive fallout of 131I from the Chernobyl NPP. Using GIS technologies, zoning of territories for the deficiency of 127I and pollution with 131I was performed. The resulting risk maps were compared with the THYC distribution. The association between the spatial distribution of the total (natural and man-made) risk assessment and the incidence of THYC at the district level tended to have a higher positive correlation (r = 0.505, p < 0.001, n = 94) compared with the correlation of the latter parameter with a fallout density of 131I (r = 0.468, p < 0.001). After latent period, the incidence of THYC among residents of urban settlements of the Bryansk region was considerably higher than in rural, the difference increasing with time. The correlation between the assessed total risk and THYC distribution in risk zones was significant and higher in the rural areas than in the urban ones. A tendency for a negative significant correlation (r = - 0.55, p = 0.01) between daily iodine intake (based on the main components of the diet) and THYC cases among the rural population was found. A definite difference in the influence of geochemical environmental factors on the distribution of THYC among urban and rural populations deserves more detailed study to prevent this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Korobova
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V S Baranchukov
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I V Kurnosova
- Bryansk Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Bryansk, Russia
| | - A V Silenok
- Bryansk Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Bryansk, Russia
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33
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Duque CS, Vélez A, Cuartas J, Jaimes F, Dueñas JP, Agudelo M, Nikiforova MN, Nikiforov YE, Condello V. Molecular profiling of papillary thyroid carcinomas in healthcare workers exposed to low dose radiation at the workplace. Endocrine 2022; 76:95-100. [PMID: 35094311 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to ionizing radiation, especially during childhood, is a well-established risk factor for thyroid cancer. The vast majority of radiation-induced cancers are papillary carcinomas (PTCs). These tumors typically have gene fusions in contrast to point mutations prevalent in sporadic PTCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular profiles of PTC patients with workplace exposure to ionizing radiation. METHODS A retrospective review of 543 patients who underwent surgery with diagnosis of PTC was performed. A cohort of nine healthcare specialists previously exposed to radiation sources during their professional practice was selected and analyzed using the ThyroSeq mutation panel for point mutations and gene fusions associated with thyroid cancer. RESULTS The molecular analysis of surgical samples of PTCs was informative and revealed genetic alterations in five patients. BRAF V600E was found in four (67%) cases whereas RET/PTC1 fusion in one (17%) and one sample (17%) was wild type for point mutations and fusions. One sample completely failed molecular analysis while two others were negative for genes fusions but failed DNA analysis; these three samples were excluded. CONCLUSIONS In this limited cohort of healthcare workers exposed to low dose of ionizing radiation at the workplace and developed PTC, the molecular profiling determined BRAF V600E point mutation as the most common event, arguing against the role of workplace radiation exposure in the etiology of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Duque
- Department of Surgery, Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, Medellin, 050021, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Vélez
- Department of Surgery, Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, Medellin, 050021, Colombia
- Department of Pathology, Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, Medellin, 050021, Colombia
| | - Jorge Cuartas
- Ophthalmology Clinic San Diego, Medellin, 050021, Colombia
| | - Fabian Jaimes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, 050021, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Dueñas
- Department of Surgery, Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, Medellin, 050021, Colombia
| | | | - Marina N Nikiforova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Condello
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA.
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34
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Shank JB, Are C, Wenos CD. Thyroid Cancer: Global Burden and Trends. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:40-45. [PMID: 35462648 PMCID: PMC8986939 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-021-01429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer continues to increase, representing the 5th most common cancer type in the USA today (Sherman, Lancet 361(9356):501-11, 2003). The current study sought to analyze the global burden of thyroid cancer utilizing the publicly accessible GLOBOCAN database. An estimated 586,202 cases of thyroid cancer were reported in 2020, making thyroid cancer the 10th most common cancer worldwide. The majority of thyroid cancer cases occurred in countries with a high or very high Human Development Index (HDI), accounting for 91% of new cases. With respect to the World Health Organization (WHO) regions, the Western Pacific had the highest incidence of thyroid cancer accounting for 47.6% of cases despite representing only 25.4% of the world's population. Thyroid cancer incidence and mortality are expected to increase by 29.9% and 67%, respectively, by the year 2040. The African region is projected to experience the highest increase in both incidence (84.3%) and mortality (100.3%) over this time period. The results of our study demonstrate that the incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer vary by the geographic location and socio-economic status. Although the incidence was noted to be the highest in very high HDI countries and the Western Pacific region, mortality was noted to be disproportionately higher in the low HDI countries and African region. This may be due to discrepancies in access to care and/or environmental exposures such as ionizing radiation and iodine deficiency. Further measures are required to improve the outcomes from thyroid cancer regardless of the geographic location or socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Shank
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Chandrakanth Are
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Chelsea D Wenos
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
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35
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Little MP, Wakeford R, Bouffler SD, Abalo K, Hauptmann M, Hamada N, Kendall GM. Review of the risk of cancer following low and moderate doses of sparsely ionising radiation received in early life in groups with individually estimated doses. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:106983. [PMID: 34959181 PMCID: PMC9118883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detrimental health effects associated with the receipt of moderate (0.1-1 Gy) and high (>1 Gy) acute doses of sparsely ionising radiation are well established from human epidemiological studies. There is accumulating direct evidence of excess risk of cancer in a number of populations exposed at lower acute doses or doses received over a protracted period. There is evidence that relative risks are generally higher after radiation exposures in utero or in childhood. METHODS AND FINDINGS We reviewed and summarised evidence from 60 studies of cancer or benign neoplasms following low- or moderate-level exposure in utero or in childhood from medical and environmental sources. In most of the populations studied the exposure was predominantly to sparsely ionising radiation, such as X-rays and gamma-rays. There were significant (p < 0.001) excess risks for all cancers, and particularly large excess relative risks were observed for brain/CNS tumours, thyroid cancer (including nodules) and leukaemia. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the totality of this large body of data relating to in utero and childhood exposure provides support for the existence of excess cancer and benign neoplasm risk associated with radiation doses < 0.1 Gy, and for certain groups exposed to natural background radiation, to fallout and medical X-rays in utero, at about 0.02 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA.
| | - Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Ellen Wilkinson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Simon D Bouffler
- Radiation Effects Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Chilton, Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Kossi Abalo
- Laboratoire d'Épidémiologie, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Strasse 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Unit, Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
| | - Gerald M Kendall
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
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36
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Chirikova E, McConnell RJ, O'Kane P, Yauseyenka V, Little MP, Minenko V, Drozdovitch V, Veyalkin I, Hatch M, Chan JM, Huang CY, Mabuchi K, Cahoon EK, Rozhko A, Zablotska LB. Association between exposure to radioactive iodine after the Chernobyl accident and thyroid volume in Belarus 10-15 years later. Environ Health 2022; 21:5. [PMID: 34996456 PMCID: PMC8742457 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is a robust literature on environmental exposure to iodine-131 (131I) in childhood and adolescence and the risk of thyroid cancer and benign nodules, little is known about its effects on thyroid volume. METHODS To assess the effect of 131I dose to the thyroid on the volume of the thyroid gland, we examined the data from the baseline screening of the Belarusian-American Cohort Study of residents of Belarus who were exposed to the Chernobyl fallout at ages ≤18 years. Thyroid dose estimates were based on individual thyroid activity measurements made shortly after the accident and dosimetric data from questionnaires obtained 10-15 years later at baseline screening. During baseline screening, thyroid gland volume was assessed from thyroid ultrasound measurements. The association between radiation dose and thyroid volume was modeled using linear regression where radiation dose was expressed with power terms to address non-linearity. The model was adjusted for attained age, sex, and place of residence, and their modifying effects were examined. RESULTS The analysis was based on 10,703 subjects. We found a statistically significant positive association between radiation dose and thyroid volume (P < 0.001). Heterogeneity of association was observed by attained age (P < 0.001) with statistically significant association remaining only in the subgroup of ≥18 years at screening (P < 0.001). For this group, increase in dose from 0.0005 to 0.15 Gy was associated with a 1.27 ml (95% CI: 0.46, 2.07) increase in thyroid volume. The estimated effect did not change with increasing doses above 0.15 Gy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine the association between 131I dose to the thyroid gland and thyroid volume in a population of individuals exposed during childhood and systematically screened 10-15 years later. It provides evidence for a moderate statistically significant increase in thyroid volume among those who were ≥ 18 years at screening. Given that this effect was observed at very low doses and was restricted to a narrow dose range, further studies are necessary to better understand the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Chirikova
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Patrick O'Kane
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vasilina Yauseyenka
- Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Belarus
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victor Minenko
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilya Veyalkin
- Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Belarus
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - June M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Chiung-Yu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Rozhko
- Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Belarus
| | - Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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37
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Shimura H, Suzuki S, Yokoya S, Iwadate M, Suzuki S, Matsuzuka T, Setou N, Ohira T, Yasumura S, Suzuki S, Ohto H, Kamiya K. A Comprehensive Review of the Progress and Evaluation of the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination Program, the Fukushima Health Management Survey. J Epidemiol 2022; 32:S23-S35. [PMID: 36464297 PMCID: PMC9703930 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, and the subsequent tsunami caused an accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, in which extensive damage to the nuclear power reactors resulted in massive radioactive contamination. Fukushima Prefecture implemented the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination (TUE) program as part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey project in response to residents' anxieties about health risks due to radiation exposure for residents aged 0-18 years at the time of the nuclear accident. This program consisted of the primary examination and the confirmatory examination. In the primary examination, thyroid nodules and cysts were examined using portable ultrasound apparatuses. The confirmatory examination was performed to have clinical or cytological diagnosis. As of June 30, 2021, 116, 71, 31, 36, and 9 examinees in the first, second, third, and fourth round of surveys, and the survey at age 25 years, respectively, were determined to have nodules cytologically diagnosed as malignant or suspicious for malignancy. The confirmatory examination of the fourth-round survey and the primary and confirmatory examination of fifth-round survey are currently in progress. Together with the low thyroid absorbed radiation dose estimated in the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2020 report, our results suggested that the increased incidence of childhood thyroid cancer in Fukushima Prefecture was not caused by radiation exposure, but rather by the highly sensitive detection method. As detailed in this review, there were ongoing challenges in our program, such as actions against the risk of overdiagnosis and psychological support for participants and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shimura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Iwadate
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzuka
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Noriko Setou
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Suzuki
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Thyroid Ultrasound Examination Group
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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38
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Gudzenko N, Mabuchi K, Brenner AV, Little MP, Hatch M, Drozdovitch V, Vij V, Chumak V, Bakhanova E, Trotsyuk N, Kryuchkov V, Golovanov I, Bazyka D, Cahoon EK. Risk of thyroid cancer in Ukrainian cleanup workers following the Chornobyl accident. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:67-77. [PMID: 34897585 PMCID: PMC10655930 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although much is known about the radiation-related risk of thyroid cancer in those exposed at young ages, less is known about the risk due to adult exposure, particularly in men. We aimed to examine the association between thyroid radiation dose received during adulthood and thyroid cancer risk in men. We conducted a nested case-control study (149 cases; 458 controls) of male, Ukrainian cleanup workers who first worked in the Chornobyl zone between ages 18 and 59 years, with cases identified through linkage with the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine from 1988 to 2012. Individual thyroid doses due to external and internal exposure during the cleanup mission and during residence in contaminated settlements were estimated (total dose mean 199 mGy; range 0.15 mGy to 9.0 Gy). The excess odds ratio per gray (EOR/Gy) for overall thyroid cancer was 0.40 (95% CI: - 0.05, 1.48; p-value = 0.118). Time since exposure was borderline significant (p-value = 0.061) in modifying this association so that less time since exposure was associated with a stronger EOR/Gy. An elevated, but nonsignificant association was observed for follicular thyroid cancer (EOR/Gy = 1.72; 95% CI: - 0.25, 13.69; p-value = 0.155) based on a small number of cases (n = 24). Our findings for radiation-related overall thyroid cancer risk are consistent with evidence of increased risks observed in most of the other studies of adult exposure, though the magnitude of the effect in this study is lower than in the previous case-control study of Chornobyl cleanup workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gudzenko
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, DHHS, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rm 7E542, Bethesda, MD, MS 9778, USA
| | | | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, DHHS, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rm 7E542, Bethesda, MD, MS 9778, USA
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, DHHS, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rm 7E542, Bethesda, MD, MS 9778, USA
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, DHHS, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rm 7E542, Bethesda, MD, MS 9778, USA
| | - Vibha Vij
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, DHHS, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rm 7E542, Bethesda, MD, MS 9778, USA
| | - Vadim Chumak
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Elena Bakhanova
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Trotsyuk
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Victor Kryuchkov
- Burnasyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Centre, 46 Zhivopisnaya Street, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Ivan Golovanov
- Burnasyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Centre, 46 Zhivopisnaya Street, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, DHHS, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rm 7E542, Bethesda, MD, MS 9778, USA.
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Cheng M, Luo Y, Geng J, Cui R, Qu Y, Sun L, Dou Q, Fu H. Adsorption behavior of iodide ion by silver-doped zeolite 4A in LiCl-KCl molten salt. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have focused on the effects of iodine intake on the risk of thyroid cancer. However, their relationship is still obscure. The objective of the present study was to examine the association in the Chinese population. A new ecological study which combined the Data of Annual Report of Cancer, the Survey of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) surveillance and the Water Iodine Survey was conducted to analyse the relationship between iodine intake and the thyroid cancer incidence in China. In total, 281 counties were included. Thyroid cancer incidence was negatively correlated with the consumption rate of qualified iodised salt (CRQIS) and positively correlated with goiter prevalence (GP) of children aged 8-10 years, residents' annual income and coastal status. Areas with a low CRQIS and areas with a high GP had a relatively high incidence of thyroid cancer. Regression models showed that a low CRQIS and a high GP in children aged 8-10 years (both reflecting iodine deficiency status) play a substantial role in thyroid cancer incidence in both males and females. Additionally, living in coastal areas and having a high annual income may also increase the risk of thyroid cancer. These findings suggest that mild iodine deficiency may contribute to the exceptionally high incidence of thyroid cancer in some areas in China. Maintaining appropriate iodine nutrition not only helps to eliminate IDD but also may help to reduce the occurrence of thyroid cancer.
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41
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Prajapati S, Locatelli M, Sawyer C, Holmes J, Bonin K, Black P, Vidi PA. Characterization and implementation of a miniature X-ray system for live cell microscopy. Mutat Res 2021; 824:111772. [PMID: 34923215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2021.111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study of radiation effects on biological tissues is a diverse field of research with direct applications to improve human health, in particular in the contexts of radiation therapy and space exploration. Understanding the DNA damage response following radiation exposure, which is a key determinant for mutagenesis, requires reproducible methods for delivering known doses of ionizing radiation (IR) in a controlled environment. Multiple IR sources, including research X-ray and gamma-ray irradiators are routinely used in basic and translational research with cell and animal models. These systems are however not ideal when a high temporal resolution is needed, for example to study early DNA damage responses with live cell microscopy. Here, we characterize the dose rate and beam properties of a commercial, miniature, affordable, and versatile X-ray source (Mini-X). We describe how to use Mini-X on the stage of a fluorescence microscope to deliver high IR dose rates (up to 29 Gy/min) or lower dose rates (≤ 0.1 Gy/min) in live cell imaging experiments. This article provides a blueprint for radiation biology applications with high temporal resolution, with a step-by-step guide to implement a miniature X-ray system on an imaging platform, and the information needed to characterize the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Prajapati
- Department of Radiation Physics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maëlle Locatelli
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Caleb Sawyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Julia Holmes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Keith Bonin
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, USA
| | - Paul Black
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, USA.
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 49055, Angers, France; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, USA.
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Fujimoto N, Matsuu-Matsuyama M, Nakashima M. Single neonatal irradiation induces long-term gene expression changes in the thyroid gland, which may be involved in the tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23620. [PMID: 34880333 PMCID: PMC8655036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation in childhood has been recognized as a risk factor for thyroid cancer. We previously demonstrated that neonatal X-irradiation induced specific deformation of the thyroid follicles. Here, we further analyzed this model to understand the possible relationship with thyroid carcinogenesis. Wistar rats were subjected to cervical X-irradiation at different ages of 1–8 weeks old and at different doses of 1.5–12 Gy. For tumor promotion, rats were fed with an iodine-deficient diet (IDD). In cervically X-irradiated neonatal rats, the size of thyroid follicles decreased, accompanied by an increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Fas and Lgals3 mRNA levels increased, while Mct8 and Lat4 expressions decreased. The co-administration of IDD induced the proliferation and the upregulation in Lgals3 expression, resulting in thyroid adenoma development at 28 weeks post-exposure. Our data demonstrated that single neonatal X-irradiation induced continuous apoptotic activity in the thyroid with the long-term alternation in Fas, Mct8, Lat4, and Lgals3 mRNA expressions. Some of these changes were similar to those induced by IDD, suggesting that neonatal X-irradiation may partially act as a thyroid tumor promoter. These radiation-induced thyroidal changes may be enhanced by the combined treatment with IDD, resulting in the early development of thyroid adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Mutsumi Matsuu-Matsuyama
- Tissue and Histopathology Section, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Tissue and Histopathology Section, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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43
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Kolmykova LI, Korobova EM, Baranchukov VS, Kurnosova IV, Silenok AV, Makarova EM. Chemical composition of groundwater used for drinking in conditions of natural deficiency of iodine and selenium and evaluation of its health effect: the case of Bryansk region (Russia). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4987-5009. [PMID: 34228208 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical composition of drinking water was examined in rural settlements of Bryansk region to reveal its influence on distribution of endemic thyroid diseases among population after the Chernobyl accident (1986) with due regard to different sources of water, the age and composition of water-bearing rocks. Groundwater samples (n = 515 in total) were collected in 156 rural settlements over the region in the period from 2007 to 2017 and analyzed for major cationogenic elements (Ca, Mg, Sr, K, Na, Mn, Zn, Fe, Al, Si) and anions (HCO32-, Cl-, F-, SO42-, NO32-, PO42-) as well as for I- and Se using ICP-AES, potentiometry, photometry and spectrofluorimetry. The results confirmed a low supply of water samples with iodine (Median (Me) = 5.96 μg/L, variation range 0.06-41.2 μg/L) and selenium (Me = 0.18 μg/L, variation 0.001-6.21 μg/L). The concentration levels of iron (64% of examined districts), manganese (36% of examined districts) and strontium (8% of examined districts) appeared to be inconsistent with hygienic standards. The data on chemical composition of drinking water were analyzed for correlation with the medical data on the prevalence of endemic thyroid diseases among the population living in the corresponding rural settlements. Tendencies of relationship between water iodine concentration and the incidence of thyroid diseases caused by iodine deficiency among teenagers aged 8 to 12 have been found. The same trend was found when comparing geochemical data with iodine content in renal excretion in this age group. The influence of some other components of natural waters on the manifestation of thyroid insufficiency has been cartographically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila I Kolmykova
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena M Korobova
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Baranchukov
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Kurnosova
- State Autonomous Healthcare Institution Bryansk Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Bryansk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Silenok
- State Autonomous Healthcare Institution Bryansk Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Bryansk, Russia
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44
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Rump A, Eder S, Hermann C, Lamkowski A, Kinoshita M, Yamamoto T, Take J, Abend M, Shinomiya N, Port M. Modeling principles of protective thyroid blocking. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:831-842. [PMID: 34762000 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1987570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the case of a nuclear incident, the release of radioiodine must be expected. Radioiodine accumulates in the thyroid and by irradiation enhances the risk of cancer. Large doses of stable (non-radioactive) iodine may inhibit radioiodine accumulation and protect the thyroid ('thyroid blocking'). Protection is based on a competition at the active carrier site in the cellular membrane and an additional temporary inhibition of the organification of iodide (Wolff-Chaikoff effect). Alternatively, other agents like e.g. perchlorate that compete with iodide for the uptake into the thyrocytes may also confer thyroidal protection against radioiodine exposure.Biokinetic models for radioiodine mostly describe exchanges between compartments by first order kinetics. This leads to correct predictions only for low (radio)iodide concentrations. These models are not suited to describe the kinetics of iodine if administered at the dosages recommended for thyroid blocking and moreover does not permit to simulate either the protective competition mechanism at the membrane or the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. Models adapted for this purpose must be used. Such models may use a mathematical relation between the serum iodide concentration and a relative uptake suppression or a dependent rate constant determining total thyroidal radioiodine accumulation. Alternatively, the thyroidal uptake rate constant may be modeled as a function of the total iodine content of the gland relative to a saturation amount. Newer models integrate a carrier-mechanism described by Michalis-Menten kinetics in the membrane and in analogy to enzyme kinetics apply the rate law for monomolecular irreversible enzyme reactions with competing substrates to model the competition mechanism. An additional total iodide uptake block, independent on competition but limited in time, is used to simulate the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. CONCLUSION The selection of the best model depends on the issue to be studied. Most models cannot quantify the relative contributions of the competition mechanism at the membrane and the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. This makes it impossible or exceedingly difficult to simulate prolonged radioiodine exposure and the effect of repetitive administrations of stable iodine. The newer thyroid blocking models with a separate modeling of competition and Wolff-Chaikoff effect allow better quantitative mechanistic insights and offer the possibility to simulate complex radioiodine exposure scenarios and various protective dosage schemes of stable iodine relatively easily. Moreover, they permit to study the protective effects of other competitors at the membrane carrier site, like e.g. perchlorate, and to draw conclusions on their protective efficacy in comparison to stable iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Rump
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr, München, Germany
| | - Stefan Eder
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr, München, Germany
| | | | | | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamoto
- NBC Countermeasure Medical Unit, Japan Ground Self Defense Force, Tokyo Japan
| | - Junya Take
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Michael Abend
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr, München, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Port
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr, München, Germany
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Hao R, Han P, Zhang L, Bi Y, Yan J, Li H, Bai Y, Xu C, Li B, Li H. Genetic polymorphisms in the PCNXL2 gene are risk factors for thyroid cancer in the Chinese population. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4677-4686. [PMID: 34747634 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and the fastest growing cancer worldwide. Thyroid cancer has the largest genetic component of all cancers. Previous genome-wide association studies indicated that genetic polymorphism in PCNXL2 is related to thyroid cancer susceptibility in European populations. This study aims to determine the influence of PCNXL2 polymorphisms on thyroid cancer risk in Chinese individuals. Methods: This case-control study identified four polymorphisms in PCNXL2 among 510 thyroid cancer cases and 509 healthy controls. The associations of PCNXL2 polymorphisms with thyroid cancer susceptibility were detected by calculating odds ratios. Multifactor dimensionality reduction was performed to detect the impact of SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)-SNP interactions on the risk of thyroid cancer. Results: The study showed that rs10910660 in PCNXL2 was related to thyroid cancer susceptibility. Rs12129938 played a protective role in thyroid cancer susceptibility. Stratification analysis indicated that rs10910660 increased thyroid cancer risk at age >45 years. Rs12129938 enhanced susceptibility to thyroid cancer at age >45 years, while this SNP decreased thyroid cancer risk at age ≤45 years. Rs4649295 was associated with lower susceptibility to thyroid cancer at age ≤45 years. An association was observed between rs6424270 and rs12129938 with decreased susceptibility to thyroid cancer in women. Rs10910660 was related to thyroid cancer risk in men. The combination of rs6424270, rs10910660, rs12129938 and rs4649295 was the best model to predict thyroid cancer. Conclusion: This study suggests that PCNXL2 polymorphisms are risk factors for thyroid cancer in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmei Hao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Bi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinfeng Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Honghui Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanxia Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chongwen Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baiya Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huajing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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Albani V, Vale LD, Pearce M, Ostroumova E, Liutsko L. Aspects of economic costs and evaluation of health surveillance systems after a radiation accident with a focus on an ultrasound thyroid screening programme for children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106571. [PMID: 33975128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Health surveillance initiatives targeted at populations evacuated from, and residing in, areas affected by radiation contamination were implemented by international institutions as well as national and local governments after the nuclear accidents of Chernobyl and Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plants. Most of these initiatives included a component of childhood thyroid cancer monitoring, with the more comprehensive schemes corresponding to national programmes of health monitoring for adults and children around general health and wellbeing. This article provides a short overview of available data on the costs and resources associated with surveillance responses to two recent nuclear accidents: Chernobyl and the Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear plant accidents. Moreover, because the balance of costs and benefits of health surveillance after a nuclear accident can influence decisions on implementation, we also present a brief overview of the principles of economic evaluation for collecting and presenting data on costs and outcomes of a surveillance programme after a nuclear accident. We apply these principles in a balance sheet analysis of a post-accident ultrasound thyroid screening programme for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Albani
- Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luke D Vale
- Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Pearce
- Health Protection Research Unit for Chemical & Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Dahlberg J, Adok C, Bümming P, Demir A, Hedbäck G, Nilsson B, Nilsson M, Jansson S. Incidence, detection and outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer in Western Sweden. BJS Open 2021; 5:6408929. [PMID: 34686878 PMCID: PMC8536871 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) due to increased diagnosis of small and indolent tumours might mask a real increase of clinically significant cancers. The aim of this study was to correlate surgery, pathology and outcome data of individual patients to the mode of primary detection (palpation, by imaging or incidental) to assess if TC incidence has increased. Methods The Swedish Cancer Registry identified all patients with TC in Västra Götaland County representing approximately 1.6 million inhabitants. Clinical information was retrieved from medical records of patient cohorts from three study intervals (2001–2002, 2006–2007 and 2011–2014) comprising 60 per cent of all TC patients. Data were also obtained from the NORDCAN registry to compare of TC incidence with other Nordic countries. Results Between 2001 and 2014, the annualized standard incidence rate/100 000 population (ASR) of TC increased from 3.14 to 10.71 in women and from 1.12 to 3.77 in men. This was higher than the mean incidence for Sweden but similar to that in Norway and Finland. Differentiated TC (DTC) increased more than threefold. The majority of tumours (64 per cent) were detected by palpation. Larger tumours (10–20, 21–40 and greater than 40 mm) increased as much as microcarcinomas (less than 10 mm). Only 5 per cent of the tumours were detected by imaging. All disease-specific deaths (8.5 per cent of DTC in the first two cohorts) and most patients with recurrent or persistent disease (6.6 per cent of DTC cases) were diagnosed due to tumour-related symptoms. Conclusion DTC in Western Sweden gradually increased between 2001 and 2014. The majority of tumours were detected by palpation suggesting a real increase in the incidence of clinically significant thyroid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dahlberg
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Regional Cancer Centre West, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Adok
- Regional Cancer Centre West, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Bümming
- Department of Surgery Skaraborg Hospital, Skaraborgs Sjukhus, Skövde, Sweden
| | - A Demir
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Hedbäck
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Nilsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Centre for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Jansson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the studies described in this mini review article was to identify nontoxic compounds that could prevent or suppress the radiation induced malignant transformation of cells and be useful as human cancer preventive agents. CONCLUSIONS (1) Many different types of potential anticarcinogenic substances were evaluated initially for their abilities to prevent or suppress radiation induced malignant transformation in vitro, and certain anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors (APIs) were observed to be the most powerful anticarcinogenic agents at suppressing this surrogate endpoint biomarker of radiation carcinogenesis. (2) Within the category of APIs, those that inhibited the activity of chymotrypsin were effective at far lower molar concentrations than other APIs. The soybean-derived protease inhibitor known as the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) is a particularly powerful chymotrypsin inhibitor that is able to prevent radiation induced transformation in vitro (at concentrations down to nanomolar levels) as well as radiation induced carcinogenesis in vivo without toxicity. (3) There were many other unusual characteristics of APIs that led to the selection of one of these APIs, BBI, as the most appropriate compound for us to develop as a human cancer preventive agent. As one example, the APIs have an irreversible effect on carcinogenesis, while the effects are reversible for most anticarcinogenic agents when they are removed from carcinogenesis assay systems. (4) Numerous studies were performed in attempts to determine the potential mechanisms by which the APIs could prevent or suppress radiation induced carcinogenesis in in vitro and in vivo systems, and the results of these studies are described in this review article. The APIs and the proteases which interact with them appear to play important roles in radiation carcinogenesis. (5) Preparations for human trials using BBI began decades ago. The cost of preparing purified BBI was far too high to consider performing human trials with this agent, so BBI Concentrate (BBIC), a soybean extract enriched in BBI, was developed for the specific purpose of performing human trials with BBI. BBIC achieved Investigational New Drug (IND) Status with the Food and Drug Administration in April,1992, and human BBIC trials began at that time. (6) Several human trials were performed using BBIC and they indicated many potentially beneficial health effects produced by BBIC administration to people in various forms (e.g. tablets). 7) It is hypothesized that BBI takes the place of α-1-antichymotrypsin, an important regulatory compound in the human body, and helps to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann R Kennedy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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49
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Rump A, Eder S, Hermann C, Lamkowski A, Kinoshita M, Yamamoto T, Abend M, Shinomiya N, Port M. A comparison of thyroidal protection by iodine and perchlorate against radioiodine exposure in Caucasians and Japanese. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2335-2350. [PMID: 34003340 PMCID: PMC8241675 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine released in nuclear accidents may accumulate in the thyroid and by irradiation enhances the risk of cancer. Radioiodine uptake into the gland can be inhibited by large doses of stable iodine or perchlorate. Nutritional iodine daily intake may impact thyroid physiology, so that radiological doses absorbed by the thyroid as well as thyroid blocking efficacy may differ in Japanese with a very rich iodine diet compared to Caucasians. Based on established biokinetic-dosimetric models for the thyroid, we derived the parameters for Caucasians and Japanese to quantitatively compare the effects of radioiodine exposure and the protective efficacy of thyroid blocking by stable iodine at the officially recommended dosages (100 mg in Germany, 76 mg in Japan) or perchlorate. The maximum transport capacity for iodine uptake into the thyroid is lower in Japanese compared to Caucasians. For the same radioiodine exposure pattern, the radiological equivalent thyroid dose is substantially lower in Japanese in the absence of thyroid blocking treatments. In the case of acute radioiodine exposure, stable iodine is less potent in Japanese (ED50 = 41.6 mg) than in Caucasians (ED50 = 2.7 mg) and confers less thyroid protection at the recommended dosages because of a delayed responsiveness to iodine saturation of the gland (Wolff-Chaikoff effect). Perchlorate (ED50 = 10 mg in Caucasians) at a dose of 1000 mg has roughly the same thyroid blocking effect as 100 mg iodine in Caucasians, whereas it confers a much better protection than 76 mg iodine in Japanese. For prolonged exposures, a single dose of iodine offer substantially lower protection than after acute radioiodine exposure in both groups. Repetitive daily iodine administrations improve efficacy without reaching levels after acute radioiodine exposure and achieve only slightly better protection in Japanese than in Caucasians. However, in the case of continuous radioiodine exposure, daily doses of 1000 mg perchlorate achieve a high protective efficacy in Caucasians as well as Japanese (> 0.98). In Caucasians, iodine (100 mg) and perchlorate (1000 mg) at the recommended dosages seem alternatives in case of acute radioiodine exposure, whereas perchlorate has a higher protective efficacy in the case of longer lasting radioiodine exposures. In Japanese, considering protective efficacy, preference should be given to perchlorate in acute as well as prolonged radioiodine exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rump
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
| | - S Eder
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - C Hermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - A Lamkowski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - M Kinoshita
- Japan Self Defense Forces National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Japan Ground Self Defense Force NBC Countermeasure Medical Unit, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - N Shinomiya
- Japan Self Defense Forces National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
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Nishikawa Y, Suzuki C, Takahashi Y, Sawano T, Kinoshita H, Clero E, Laurier D, Phan G, Nakayama T, Tsubokura M. No significant association between stable iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction in children after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: an observational study. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1491-1500. [PMID: 33206361 PMCID: PMC8195967 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stable iodine prophylaxis helps prevent childhood thyroid cancer in nuclear emergencies; however, there is limited information on its effect on thyroid function. This study aimed to examine thyroid function and autoimmunity among children and adolescents that took stable iodine after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster. METHODS For this observational study, data were obtained from children and adolescents that underwent thyroid cancer screening at Hirata Central Hospital from April 2012 to March 2018. Participant characteristics, including possible hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, were compared between the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess for possible hypothyroidism, autoantibodies positive, and hyperthyroidism. RESULTS A total of 1,225 participants with stable iodine prophylaxis and 3,946 without prophylaxis were enrolled. Of those participants, blood samples were available for 144 and 1,201 participants in the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups, respectively. There were 17 (11.8%) and 146 cases (12.2%) of possible hypothyroidism or autoantibodies positive cases in the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups, respectively, and there were no cases and 3 cases (0.2%) of possible hyperthyroidism in those two groups, respectively. Multivariable analysis for possible hypothyroidism revealed no association between stable iodine intake and possible hypothyroidism or autoantibodies positive [odds ratio 0.716 (95% confidence interval 0.399-1.284)] (p = 0.262). We did not perform multivariable analysis for hyperthyroidism due to the limited number of cases. CONCLUSION Significant adverse effects of stable iodine intake on thyroid function were not observed among children and adolescents 7 years after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, 4, Shimizu-uchi, Kami-Yomogida, Hirata-mura, Ishikawa-gun, Fukushima, 963-8202, Japan.
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - C Suzuki
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Hirata Central Hospital, Shimizu-uchi, Kami-Yomogida, Hirata-mura, Ishikawa-gun, Fukushima, 963-8202, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - T Sawano
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - H Kinoshita
- The Institute for Humanistic Studies, Kamakura Women's University, 6-1-3, Ofuna, Kamakura, 247-0056, Japan
| | - E Clero
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - D Laurier
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - G Phan
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - T Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - M Tsubokura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, 4, Shimizu-uchi, Kami-Yomogida, Hirata-mura, Ishikawa-gun, Fukushima, 963-8202, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
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