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Gür GC, Öztürk FÖ. Rumination, Basic Beliefs, and Posttraumatic Growth in Cancer Patients: A Moderated Mediation Model. Cancer Nurs 2025; 48:e129-e139. [PMID: 37962544 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a highly distressing and traumatic experience that can significantly impact individuals' psychological well-being. Whereas many cancer patients may experience negative psychological outcomes, such as posttraumatic stress symptoms, a subset of individuals also reports positive psychological changes known as posttraumatic growth. OBJECTIVE To contribute to theory-driven development of these treatments by exploring the role of deliberate rumination in posttraumatic growth, along with the basic beliefs that might shape it. METHODS A sample of cancer patients (n = 139) completed self-report measures assessing rumination, basic beliefs, and posttraumatic growth. Multiple linear regression analyses and moderated mediation models were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS Findings support the hypothesis that intrusive rumination, deliberate ruminating, and disruption in basic beliefs strongly predict posttraumatic growth in cancer survivors. The results of this simple mediation indicate that deliberate rumination has a full mediating role. The results show that at all levels of basic beliefs, there is a positive and statistically significant indirect effect of intrusive rumination on posttraumatic growth. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of addressing rumination and core beliefs in interventions aimed at promoting posttraumatic growth among cancer patients. Further research is needed to explore additional factors that may influence the relationship between rumination, basic beliefs, and posttraumatic growth. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Oncology nurses can assist individuals in recognizing and managing intrusive rumination, as well as advocating deliberate rumination as a constructive cognitive process for making sense of a traumatic event and fostering growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganime C Gür
- Authors' Affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Cao J, Üzar-Özçetin YS. Individual Rumination in Adult Cancer Care: A Concept Analysis. Semin Oncol Nurs 2025; 41:151802. [PMID: 39755441 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2024.151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conceptualize rumination in adult cancer care. METHODS Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was used to examine rumination in adults with cancer. A systematic search was conducted across psychology, nursing, medicine, and public health disciplines in PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus databases from their inception to April 2024. Additional records were identified by manually searching reference lists of relevant studies. RESULTS Analysis of 50 articles identified rumination's three defining attributes (intrusions, brooding, instrumentality), antecedents (cancer-related adversity, pre-existing susceptibilities), and consequences (psychophysiological functioning impairments, long-term adaptation). Key features included trait-state duality, internal variability, external cyclicality, and high emotional correlation. CONCLUSIONS This concept analysis establishes a preliminary conceptual model of rumination in adult cancer care, integrating its attributes, antecedents, and consequences. The model offers insights into rumination mechanisms, highlighting its complexity and variability, and may inform the development of targeted interventions and theoretical development for cancer population. Further research is needed to validate the model and explore its clinical applications. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Understanding rumination in adult cancer care helps nurses identify and support at-risk patients. By recognizing key signs, nurses can implement targeted interventions to improve patients' emotional and psychological well-being, ultimately enhancing their long-term adaptation and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Cao
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Yeter Sinem Üzar-Özçetin
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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Babadostu MK, Eyrenci A. Investigation of the Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty, Metacognitions, Maladaptive Coping, and Fear of Cancer Recurrence via Moderated Mediation Model. Psychooncology 2025; 34:e70076. [PMID: 39799468 DOI: 10.1002/pon.70076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, many studies have investigated the triggers, perpetuating factors, and outcomes of Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR), highlighting its complexity with multiple dimensions that encompass both antecedents and consequences. In this sense, the cognitive approach to FCR has explored variables such as metacognition, maladaptive coping strategies, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU). On the other hand, the findings of a restricted number of studies investigating the relationship between FCR and stated variables appear to be inconsistent. The objective of this study was thus to examine the relationship that existed among these variables in breast cancer survivors by moderated mediation model. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 130 breast cancer survivors completed the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Short Form (IUS-12), Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), and Brief COPE Scale (BCS) Short Form. The mediated moderation analysis was conducted using Process Macro. RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation found between FCR and IU (r = 0.87, p < 0.001), and between FCR and negative metacognitions (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). A weak to moderate positive correlation was identified between IU and maladaptive coping strategies (r = 0.19, p < 0.05), and between negative metacognitions and maladaptive coping strategies (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). The relationship between FCR and maladaptive coping strategies was nonsignificant (r = 0.16, p > 0.05). As a result of hierarchical regression analysis, controlling for demographic and clinical variables, IU, positive metacognitions, and negative metacognitions significantly explained 45%, 2%, and 1% of the variance in FCR, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of the current study contribute to the literature in terms of supporting the views that cognitive models of worrying could be used to understand the FCR mechanism and address the IU been which has limitedly studied in the FCR literature. The current study's findings have also contributed to the clinical field by highlighting the importance of incorporating breast cancer survivors' metacognitions and IU in FCR intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aslı Eyrenci
- Department of Psychology, Maltepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Amedu AN. Addressing trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and post-traumatic growth in breast cancer patients. World J Exp Med 2024; 14:95565. [PMID: 39312705 PMCID: PMC11372742 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.95565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer among females in Africa. Being infected with BC in Africa seems like a life sentence and brings devastating experiences to patients and households. As a result, BC is comorbid with trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and post-traumatic growth (PTG). AIM To identify empirical evidence from peer-reviewed articles on the comorbidity trajectories between BC and trauma, BC and PTSD, and BC and PTG. METHODS This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines of conducting a systematic review. Literature searches of the National Library of Medicine, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were conducted using search terms developed for the study. The search hint yielded 769 results, which were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the end of the screening, 24 articles were included in the systematic review. RESULTS BC patients suffered trauma and PTSD during the diagnosis and treatment stages. These traumatic events include painful experiences during and after diagnosis, psychological distress, depression, and cultural stigma against BC patients. PTSD occurrence among BC patients varies across African countries, as this review disclosed: 90% was reported in Kenya, 80% was reported in Zimbabwe, and 46% was reported in Nigeria. The severity of PTSD among BC patients in Africa was based on the test results communicated to the patients. Furthermore, this review revealed that BC patients experience PTG, which involves losing, regaining, and surrendering final control over the body, rebuilding a personified identity, and newfound appreciation for the body. CONCLUSION Patients with BC undergo numerous traumatic experiences during their diagnosis and treatment. Psychological interventions are needed in SSA to mitigate trauma and PTSD, as well as promote PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Nnaemeka Amedu
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, Gauteng, South Africa
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Han B, Yan J, Liu J, Xiong R, Teng S, Du H, Liu C, Fan H, Ji L, Wang M, Jia L, Lu G. The Effect of Attentional Bias on Emotions in Patients with Breast Cancer. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-024-10311-4. [PMID: 39138782 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-024-10311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional bias may influence the emotional experiences of breast cancer patients, both positively and negatively. This study aimed to investigate attentional bias in breast cancer patients and its impact on their emotions. METHOD Thirty-eight breast cancer patients completed a modified dot-probe task and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale to assess attentional bias and emotional states. Attentional bias was measured by analyzing response times to different stimuli in the modified dot-probe task. Emotional stimuli included 80 pairs of facial images depicting sad-neutral, fearful-neutral, happy-neutral, and neutral-neutral expressions. Attentional bias components were observed at stimulus presentation durations of 300 ms and 1500 ms. Differences in emotional responses among breast cancer patients with varying attentional biases were compared. RESULTS Breast cancer patients exhibited attentional avoidance of sad and happy stimuli at 300 ms. Further analysis revealed that patients who exhibited attentional avoidance of sad stimuli at 300 ms reported higher levels of anxiety and stress. Those with attentional avoidance of fearful stimuli at 1500 ms reported increased anxiety, while individuals showing attentional avoidance of happy stimuli or difficulty disengaging from happy stimuli at 1500 ms reported higher levels of depression and stress. CONCLUSION Breast cancer patients demonstrated an attentional bias toward emotional stimuli, particularly avoidance of sad and happy stimuli in 300 ms. Different components of attentional bias were associated with distinct negative emotional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Han
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jialin Yan
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, No. 7166, Bao Tong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Ruoyu Xiong
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, No. 7166, Bao Tong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Teng
- Psychological Counseling Center, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - He Du
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, No. 7166, Bao Tong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, No. 7166, Bao Tong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huaju Fan
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, No. 7166, Bao Tong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Department of Medical Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- College of Teacher Education, Weifang University, No. 2829, Wo Long West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Liping Jia
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, No. 7166, Bao Tong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Guohua Lu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, No. 7166, Bao Tong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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Chan J, Ng DWL, Liao Q, Fielding R, Soong I, Chan KKL, Lee C, Ng AWY, Sze WK, Chan WL, Lee VHF, Lam WWT. Trajectories of sleep disturbance in cancer survivors during the first 2 years post-treatment. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad052. [PMID: 36861253 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine the trajectories of sleep disturbance in cancer survivors during the first 2 years post-treatment and to investigate whether psychological, cognitive, and physical factors differentiate trajectories. METHODS A total of 623 Chinese cancer survivors of diverse cancer types participated in a 2-year-long prospective study after the completion of cancer treatment. Sleep disturbance was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at 3 (T2), 6 (T3), 12 (T4), 18 (T5), and 24 (T6) months after baseline (within 6-months post-treatment; T1). Latent growth mixture modeling identified distinctive sleep disturbance trajectories and tested if these longitudinal patterns were predicted by baseline psychological distress, attentional control, attentional bias and physical symptom distress and T2 cancer-related distress. Fully adjusted multinomial logistic regression then identified whether these factors differentiated trajectories. RESULTS Two distinct sleep disturbance trajectories were identified, namely stable good sleepers (69.7%) and persistent high sleep disturbance (30.3%). Compared to those in the stable good sleep group, patients in the persistent high sleep disturbance group were less likely to report avoidant (OR=0.49, 95% CI = 0.26-0.90), while more likely to report intrusive thoughts (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.06-2.92) and cancer-related hyperarousal (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.78-6.38). Higher depression scores also predicted persistent high sleep disturbance group membership (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03-1.25). Attentional bias, attentional control, anxiety, and physical symptom distress did not predict sleep trajectory membership. CONCLUSIONS One in three cancer survivors experienced persistent high sleep disturbance. Screening and managing depressive symptoms and cancer-related distress in early cancer rehabilitation may reduce risk of persistent sleep disturbance among cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chan
- School of Public Health, Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Jockey Club Institute of Cancer Care, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danielle Wing Lam Ng
- School of Public Health, Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Jockey Club Institute of Cancer Care, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiuyan Liao
- School of Public Health, Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard Fielding
- School of Public Health, Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Jockey Club Institute of Cancer Care, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Inda Soong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karen Kar Loen Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Conrad Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice Wan Ying Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Kin Sze
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Lok Chan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Victor Ho Fun Lee
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wendy Wing Tak Lam
- School of Public Health, Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Jockey Club Institute of Cancer Care, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Öcalan S, Üzar-Özçetin YS. "I am in a Fight with My Brain": A Qualitative Study on Cancer-Related Ruminations of Individuals with Cancer. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151450. [PMID: 37210226 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the cancer-related ruminations from the subjective perspectives of individuals with cancer. DATA SOURCES The study adopted a qualitative design, and participants (N = 16) were individuals with cancer. The analysis and interpretation of data were carried out according to the phenomenological-hermeneutical method. CONCLUSION The following four themes emerged as a result of the analysis of qualitative data revealing the experiences of individuals with cancer: (1) attributed meanings to cancer-related ruminations, (2) perceived ruminations toward an uncertain future, (3) losing against intrusive ruminations, and (4) fighting with ruminations. The results underline the negative impact of ruminative thoughts on the disease process and social life of individuals with cancer. Individuals with cancer struggle with intense thoughts about the cause, treatment, and future of the disease from the moment they are diagnosed with cancer. In order to stop ruminative thoughts, individuals with cancer have tried solutions such as distracting activities and avoiding thoughts. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses have an important role in catching verbal and nonverbal cues for rumination, as they are constantly together with individuals with cancer and make observations. Therefore, nurses can raise awareness about their ruminative thoughts and teach coping skills to individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Öcalan
- MSc, PhD Candidate, RN, Research Assistant, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yeter Sinem Üzar-Özçetin
- PhD, RN, Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Systems, UCD Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Öcalan S, Üzar-Özçetin YS. "Cancer Never Goes Out of Your Mind Even for a Single Second". Cancer-Related Ruminations From the Perspectives of Cancer Survivors. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151427. [PMID: 37069011 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore a deeper understanding of how cancer survivors experience and manage ruminative thoughts. DATA SOURCES A descriptive qualitative design. The study was conducted with cancer survivors (n = 21). A semistructured interview guide was used for data collection, and content analysis method was implemented to gain a better understanding from the collected data. The study procedure and reporting adhere to the guideline for reporting qualitative research COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. CONCLUSION Three main themes were developed: "Struggling within cognitions", "Coping", and "Required needs". The results highlight that cancer survivors have intrusive ruminative thoughts about cancer and need support to cope with these thoughts. It was also found that over time, they experienced changes in their perspectives, gained meaning, and were able to use deliberate ruminations. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses have an effective role in providing care and determining the needs of individuals. Nurses can easily recognize intrusive ruminations, help cancer survivors raise awareness about the effects of ruminative thoughts on them, and support them in coping with intrusive ruminations using effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Öcalan
- Faculty of Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey 06100.
| | - Yeter Sinem Üzar-Özçetin
- University College Dublin, School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Systems, UCD Health Sciences Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhang Q. Patterns of attentional biases in children and emotional symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-wave longitudinal study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:61. [PMID: 37198650 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown how the patterns of negative and positive attentional biases in children predict fear of COVID-19, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study identified profiles of negative and positive attentional biases in children and examined their association with emotional symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD 264 children (girls: 53.8% and boys: 46.2%) of 9-10 years born in Hong Kong or mainland China from a primary school in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China were involved in a two-wave longitudinal study. Children completed the COVID-19 Fear Scale, the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale to measure fear of COVID-19, anxiety and depression symptoms, and negative and positive attentional biases in classrooms. After six months, they completed the second assessment of fear of COVID-19, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms in classrooms. Latent profile analysis was conducted to reveal distinct profiles of attentional biases in children. A series of repeated MANOVA was performed to examine the association of profiles of attentional biases to fear of COVID-19, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms across 6 months. RESULTS Three profiles of negative and positive attentional biases were revealed in children. Children with a "moderate positive and high negative attentional biases" profile had significantly higher fear of the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms than children with a "high positive and moderate negative attentional biases" profile. Children with a "low positive and negative attentional biases" profile were not significantly different in fear of COVID-19, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms than those with the other two profiles. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of negative and positive attentional biases were related to emotional symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. It might be important to consider children's overall patterns of negative and positive attentional biases to identify children at risk of higher emotional symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Zhang
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Floor 7, AC1Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Zhang Q. The Moderation Effect of Cognitive Tendencies on the Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Chinese Children. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1-9. [PMID: 36785698 PMCID: PMC9909653 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency with potential traumatizing effects on children. However, not many studies have been devoted to investigating the association between fear of COVID-19 and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in children during the pandemic. Also, if the association is modulated by cognitive tendencies to focus on negative and positive information in children is unknown. The study recruited 122 native Chinese children from a primary school in mainland China. Self-reported psychological inventories were used to assess the above variables. The prevalence rate of PTSS in Chinese children was approximately 15.1%. Girls had higher post-traumatic stress levels than boys. Fear of COVID-19 was associated with higher level of post-traumatic stress in children. Only cognitive tendency to focus on negative information was significantly associated with the level of post-traumatic stress in children. Moreover, cognitive tendency to focus on negative information was a significant moderator of the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and PTSS. Generalization of the results to adults should be cautious. It was concluded that stronger fear of COVID-19 was related to more PTSS in children. The association of fear of COVID-19 with PTSS was significant only for children with strong tendency to focus on negative information. Cognitive interventions for PTSS may need to be delivered to children who have both strong fear of COVID-19 and strong tendency to focus on negative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Zhang
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Floor 7, AC1, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Beck S, Whitaker K, Cropley M. Is rumination associated with psychological distress after a cancer diagnosis? A systematic review. J Psychosoc Oncol 2023; 41:584-609. [PMID: 36604965 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2022.2145925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this work was to review evidence on the association between psychological rumination and distress in those diagnosed with cancer. Methods: Six databases were searched for studies exploring rumination alongside overall assessments of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, or stress. Results: Sixteen studies were identified. Rumination was associated with distress cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, once baseline depression was controlled for, the association was no longer seen. The emotional valence of ruminative thoughts and the style in which they were processed, rather than their topic, was associated with distress. Brooding and intrusive rumination were associated with increased distress, deliberate rumination had no association, and reflection/instrumentality had mixed findings. Conclusions: This review highlights that it is not necessarily the topic of content, but the style and valence of rumination that is important when considering its association with distress. The style of rumination should be the target of clinical intervention, including brooding and intrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beck
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Honari S, Soltani D, Mirimoghaddam MM, Kheiri N, Rouhbakhsh Zahmatkesh MR, Saghebdoust S. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Post-Traumatic Growth in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in a Developing Country. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-022-00654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tu PC. The effects of trait resilience and rumination on psychological adaptation to breast cancer. Health Psychol Open 2022; 9:20551029221140765. [PMID: 36386252 PMCID: PMC9659940 DOI: 10.1177/20551029221140765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined the effect of trait resilience and specific types of rumination on positive psychological adaptation post-diagnosis among 201 breast cancer patients. They completed self-reported measures describing trait resilience, rumination, posttraumatic growth, and health-related quality of life. Hierarchical analysis showed that trait resilience significantly predicted higher quality of life and posttraumatic growth after controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Additionally, “intrusion” and “brooding” subtypes of rumination negatively predicted quality of life, with “instrumentality” positively predicting quality of life and posttraumatic growth, suggesting the importance of trait resilience and multidimensional rumination for positive psychological changes among breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chiung Tu
- Department of Psychology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Cognitive-Emotional Benefits of Weekly Exposure to Nature: A Taiwanese Study on Young Adults. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence of nature’s benefits to cognitive and emotional well-being is emerging. In this study, 48 Taiwanese young adults (24 indoors and 24 outdoors in urban greenspace) completed four weekly 45 min exposure sessions. The study explores whether the outdoor group surpasses the indoor group in cognitive and emotional well-being and nature connectedness. There were no significant differences for the indoor group across different measurements of rumination and connectedness to nature. However, the outdoor group displayed a significant reduction in rumination post-test compared to the one week prior and the first session. Similarly, for sessions two, three, and four and one month post-test, the outdoor group’s connectedness to nature was significantly higher than pre-test. Specific autobiographical memory was enhanced while overgeneral autobiographic memory was reduced during the third and fourth sessions, though these changes were not sustained at one-month follow-up. Surprisingly, both groups yielded similar results in decreased depression, anxiety, and stress. A significantly higher number of outdoor group participants had employed nature exposure for coping with stress or emotions after the program. We discuss the implications of this for counseling services for young adults and highlight future research possibilities, including formulating a nature-exposure protocol and a program evaluation for consolidating evidence-based nature prescription.
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Chi D, de Terte I, Gardner D. Posttraumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in People with HIV. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:3688-3699. [PMID: 35666361 PMCID: PMC9550787 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Receiving a diagnosis of HIV can be challenging. People with HIV (PWH) can experience high levels of distress, as well as some positive psychological changes associated with post-traumatic growth. However, the mechanisms which underlying the association of a highly stressful event (i.e., being diagnosed with HIV) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are under-explored, and this is the focus of the study. Cross-sectional survey data were provided by 77 PWH living in New Zealand. An analysis examined the roles of deliberate rumination and coping strategies as serial mediators of the associations between event centrality and PTG and PTSSs. The relationships between event centrality and PTG and PTSSs were found to be sequentially mediated by deliberate rumination and avoidance coping, but not by deliberate rumination and active coping. Further analyses explored active coping and deliberate rumination as parallel mediators, with avoidance coping as a subsequent mediator, between event centrality and PTG and PTSSs. However, these analyses were not supported. The findings indicate that the more participants appraised the HIV diagnosis as central, the greater PTG they perceived; however, the more they deliberately ruminated on it, and the more avoidance coping they adopted, the less PTG and greater PTSSs they perceived. Future studies need to explore the relationships of event centrality and coping and their associations with PTG and PTSSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Chi
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. .,Clinical Psychology Centre, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Ian de Terte
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Dianne Gardner
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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16
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Gower T, Pham J, Jouriles EN, Rosenfield D, Bowen HJ. Cognitive biases in perceptions of posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 94:102159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Park HY, Choi JY. Factors Associated with Post-Traumatic Growth in Patients with Breast Cancer Based on a Model of Post-Traumatic Growth. ASIAN ONCOLOGY NURSING 2022. [DOI: 10.5388/aon.2022.22.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Park
- Nurse, Department of Nursing, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Ja Yun Choi
- Professor, College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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18
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Öcalan S, Üzar-Özçetin YS. The relationship between rumination, fatigue and psychological resilience among cancer survivors. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:3595-3604. [PMID: 34957629 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES The study's purpose was to examine the association between rumination, fatigue and psychological resilience among cancer survivors. BACKGROUND Cancer is a disease that causes difficult lives in individuals. Individuals can struggle with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and ruminative thoughts during and after the disease process. However, it can also be seen that some individuals make sense out of their cancer experience and turn into stronger individuals. DESIGN A cross-sectional design. METHODS This study was conducted from February through November 2020. Data were collected from 159 cancer survivors using Event Related Rumination Inventory, Cancer Fatigue Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. RESULTS The findings showed that intrusive rumination significantly and negatively mediated psychological resilience but significantly and positively mediated with CRF. In contrast, deliberate rumination was significantly and positively mediated psychological resilience but significantly and negatively mediated with CRF. The effects of intrusive and deliberate rumination on fatigue were .431 (CI =0.042-0.635) and -.285 (CI = -0.163 to 0.491), respectively. In addition, the effects of intrusive and deliberate rumination on psychological resilience were -.253 (CI = -0.177 to 0.447) and .304 (CI = 0.045-0.124), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings underline the mediating role of rumination on CRF and psychological resilience among cancer survivors. The findings also delineate the associations between rumination, CRF and psychological resilience, which differ based on rumination type. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The findings are particularly important to oncology nurses, who are the main sources of psychosocial care. To support cancer survivors and mobilise their resources, oncology nurses should be made aware of the different types and effects of rumination. With the help of this awareness, oncology nurses can enhance managing intrusive rumination, replacing intrusive ruminations with deliberate ones, mobilising resources and promoting psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Öcalan
- Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Wang G, Li Z, Luo X, Wei R, Liu H, Yang J, Lyu J, Jiang X. Effects of nurse-led supportive-expressive group intervention for post-traumatic growth among breast cancer survivors: A randomized clinical trial. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 54:434-444. [PMID: 34898001 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic growth induced from cancer diagnosis and treatment could benefit the prognosis of cancer survivors, but intervention based on self-disclosure in group is limited. OBJECTIVE Aimed to examine the effectiveness of a supportive-expressive group intervention on post-traumatic growth. The impact of the intervention on anxiety and depression were also explored. DESIGN This randomized clinical trial enrolled patients from June 2017 to September 2018 with a one-month follow-up. Data collectors were blinded to patient grouping. SETTING A single center study in Chengdu, China. PARTICIPANTS One hundred sixty-eight participants who met the eligibility criteria were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 84) or control group (n = 84); 46 were excluded and 122 patients finished the one-month follow-up. METHODS Participants in the intervention group received nurse-led support intervention focusing on topics such as "Being a Patient", "Interpersonal Relationships", "Journey for Recovery", and "Planning the Future" while participants in the control group received health education, rehabilitation training etc. according to the nursing routine of breast cancer patients. The intervention was designed in accordance with the diagnosis and treatment process as well as patient needs. Participants in both groups were evaluated three times (T1-baseline before the intervention, T2-end of the intervention, and T3-1 month follow up). Post-traumatic growth, anxiety and depression were evaluated. RESULTS Participants in the intervention group reported higher level of post-traumatic growth (p < 0.01 or 0.05) and reduced anxiety and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05 and p < 0.01 or 0.05). The multilevel model indicated that the intervention significantly promoted post-traumatic growth (βT3 = 7.87, p < 0.05) and dimensions of relating to others (βT3 = 4.26, p < 0.001), personal strength (βT3 = 4.27, p < 0.01), appreciation of life (βT3 = 8.69, p < 0.001), and new possibilities (βT3 = 1.91, p < 0.05), anxiety (βT3 = -3.63, p < 0.001), and depression (βT3 = -2.27, p < 0.001), but had no effect on the dimension of spiritual change. In addition, the multi-level model showed that patients with younger ages (β = -0.05~-0.52, p < 0.05-0.001), with high school and above education levels (β = 1.53~9.29, p < 0.01) and accompanied by husbands(β = -1.48~-8.51, p < 0.05) had more effective intervention and patients with religious belief had a better spiritual change level (β = 1.86, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence for the potential effectiveness of the nurse-led intervention on positive benefits of post-traumatic growth and relieved anxiety and depression for Chinese breast cancer survivors and will inform the design and development of a large randomized controlled trial. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The supportive-expression group intervention can be applied independently by nurses. The four themes of self-disclosure can help patients grow after trauma, and this method can be used as a psychological support technique for breast cancer patients during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Wang
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuyue Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ru Wei
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxia Lyu
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolian Jiang
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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A longitudinal cohort study on benefit finding evolution in Chinese women breast cancer survivals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20640. [PMID: 34667257 PMCID: PMC8526563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though the prevalence of benefit finding (BF) has been empirically shown to exist among breast cancer (BC) survivals, how does benefit finding evolve over time remains inadequately investigated. The objective of this cohort study is to examine how BF evolves over time among Chinese breast cancer survivals and determine the demographic, medical and psychosocial factors that can sustain BF increase over time. Participants were 486 women with different stages of breast cancer (stages I, II and III) followed from completion of primary treatment. Analysis were performed on the data collected during 2014–2019. During the assessment, each participant completed self-report questionnaires of characteristics and benefit finding at six time points with the interval of 6 months since BC diagnosis. The relationships between demographic, medical and psychosocial characteristics and benefit finding evolution over time were examined using mixed models. Participants reported mixed results on the evolving patterns of benefit finding: 28% reported an upward trend in BF scoring over time, 49% instead reported an downward trend, and the remaining 23% reported no obvious change. Our study has shown that some well-known covariates of benefit finding, e.g. education, income, and social support, are not associated with BF trends. In comparison, levels of spirituality and disease coping at diagnosis can more reliably predict BF evolution over time. Identifying the sustaining factors of benefit finding in the experience of breast cancer is the key to design effective psycho clinical solutions for patients’ long-term post-traumatic growth. As time goes by, breast cancer patients may experience less benefit finding. Our results strongly indicate that benefit finding can be sustained and increased by encouraging attempts at meaning-making and active disease coping during breast cancer treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to examine the evolution trends of benefit finding over time on breast cancer survivals and determine their psychosocial predictors in developing countries.
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21
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Hanley AW, de Vibe M, Solhaug I, Farb N, Goldin PR, Gross JJ, Garland EL. Modeling the mindfulness-to-meaning theory's mindful reappraisal hypothesis: Replication with longitudinal data from a randomized controlled study. Stress Health 2021; 37:778-789. [PMID: 33607697 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Mindfulness to Meaning Theory provides a detailed process model of the mechanisms by which mindfulness may promote well-being. Central to the Mindfulness to Meaning Theory is the mindful reappraisal hypothesis (MRH), which suggests mindfulness training promotes well-being by facilitating positive reappraisal. Emerging evidence from interconnected domains of research supports the MRH. However, it remains unclear whether mindful reappraisal continues to develop after a mindfulness training course and whether this continued development encourages well-being over time. As such, this randomized controlled study compared participants receiving a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course with participants receiving no mindfulness training on positive reappraisal use and well-being over the course of 6 years. Latent growth curve modeling revealed that mindfulness training increased well-being by significantly increasing the trajectory of positive reappraisal over time. The MRH was then unpacked by examining whether MBSR also stimulated decentering and broadened awareness, core components of the MRH. Multivariate path analysis revealed that mindfulness training increased decentering, which in turn broadened awareness, which was then associated with positive reappraisal, ultimately promoting well-being. Taken together, these findings suggest that MBSR cultivates a downstream cascade of adaptive psychological processes that continue to promote quality of life 6-years after mindfulness training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Hanley
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael de Vibe
- Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Solhaug
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Norman Farb
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Phillipe R Goldin
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric L Garland
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Salt Lake VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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22
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Ho SMY, Cheng CT, Shih SM, Taku K, Tedeschi RG. The Chinese version of Posttraumatic Growth and Depreciation Inventory-Expanded version (PTGDI-X) for cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:237-249. [PMID: 34258631 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with cancer report positive changes often referred to as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Some of these self-reported PTG may represent maladaptive illusions created by individuals to cope with the illness. A recently established Posttraumatic Growth and Depreciation Inventory - Expanded version (PTGDI-X) includes both PTG and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD) items. This inventory may provide a more balanced picture of the phenomenological world of cancer survivors. We examined the Chinese version of the PTGDI-X's applicability to cancer patients, and how PTG and PTD were related to posttraumatic stress symptoms. Two hundred sixty-five cancer survivors in Taiwan completed the Chinese version of the PTGDI-X, along with the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 to measure posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the PTGDI-X established in a multi-national study fit our data from cancer patients modestly well. The PTD score had a significant and positive correlation with PTSD symptoms, whereas the PTG and PTSD showed a significant curvilinear relationship in the form of an inverted U-shape. This study's results indicate that PTG and PTD are separated constructs with differential relationships with cancer outcomes. The Chinese version of the PTGDI-X is a viable instrument for psycho-oncological research. The PTD scores can provide useful information to guide cognitive interventions to reduce distorted cognitions. In contrast, the PTG scores can provide further information on the phenomenological world of cancer survivors. In this study, clinical implications and future studies were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Y Ho
- Psychology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chih-Tao Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology and Social Work, National Defense University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kanako Taku
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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23
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Öcalan S, Üzar-Özçetin YS. Effects of interventions on rumination among individuals with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:4347-4370. [PMID: 34124798 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to examine the effects of interventions on rumination among individuals with cancer. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Six databases (Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PsyArticles, CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched for relevant articles published between January 2000 and April 2020. REVIEW METHODS The findings of experimental studies (including both experimental and control groups) related to interventions to effect rumination of individuals with cancer were included. Comprehensive meta-analysis was used to analyse the data. Hedges' g and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to estimate the effect. Additionally, funnel plots were created and heterogeneity was analysed using the I2 test. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was used. RESULTS Eight studies, which included a total sample of 856 individuals with cancer, were included. Half of the studies (n = 4) were randomised controlled trials, and six of them had conducted mindfulness-based interventions. The interventions had significant effects on rumination among individuals with cancer (z = -2.356, Q = 167.663, p < 0.001, I2 = 95.825%). The effect size was -0.894 (95% CI = [-1.638, -0.150]) and statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The interventions had reduced rumination among individuals with cancer. These effects should be interpreted with caution because there was a high level of heterogeneity. However, only a few studies were included, and the findings underscore the need for further research. IMPACT Many individuals are likely to benefit from rumination-focused interventions, especially mindfulness-based interventions. Nurses should utilise available opportunities to facilitate the optimal management of cancer-related rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Öcalan
- Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Ho SM, Zhang Q, Lai Y, Dai DWT. Cognitive vulnerabilities to anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A 3-year longitudinal study. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1700-1714. [PMID: 33951200 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study established cognitive vulnerability of anxiety symptoms among high school students. METHOD A total of 72 grade 9-11 students completed measures on levels of anxiety sensitivity (AS), selective attentional processing, and anxiety symptoms annually between 2016 and 2018. RESULTS Latent class growth analysis (unconditional model) showed a four-class model: High (stable) (6.94%), low (stable) (11.11%), medium (decreasing) (61.11%), and medium (increasing) (20.83%). The conditioned model controlling for the physical-concerns dimension of AS and negative attentional bias demonstrated that a two-class model consisted of a low anxiety class (n = 59, 81.9%) and a high anxiety class (n = 13, 18.1%) provided the best fit for the data. Negative attentional bias is a significant factor related to the development of anxiety trajectories. CONCLUSION Attentional bias modification to disengage from negative stimuli may serve as a potential target of intervention to reduce chronic anxiety among high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel My Ho
- Psychology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiaochu Zhang
- Psychology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yihuan Lai
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darren W T Dai
- Department of Educational Psychology, Tsung Tsin Mission of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Wai-Ming Mak V, Man-Yin Ho S, Li WL, Ka-Yan Pau B. Relationships between hope and mental health among women in prison. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2021; 31:96-108. [PMID: 33733563 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research with non-offenders has linked a higher dispositional cognition of hope to lower levels of psychological symptoms and demonstrated mediating effects of attentional biases on the relationship between hope and psychological symptoms, but this has not been explored among offenders. AIMS Our aim was to investigate associations between a dispositional cognition of hope and habitual attentional processing styles and distress among women in prison. We hypothesised that higher levels of hope would be associated with more attention to positive information and less to negative information in the surroundings and, in turn, lower levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in women in prison. METHOD In a cross-sectional study, we recruited consenting women serving a prison sentence who had been referred to psychological services. Participants completed a set of self-rating inventories individually, which scaled their levels of hope, attention to positive and negative information and symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression. RESULTS Two hundred and three women participated. Their average age was 35.68 years (range 21-67 years). Over half were recidivists (170, 58%). Overall, the higher the level of hope they had, the lower were the ratings of their psychological symptoms. Positive attentional bias was associated with higher hope and lower psychological distress. In contrast, negative attentional bias was related to lower hope and higher psychological distress ratings. In statistical models, both attentional biases appeared to be partial mediators of the relationship between hope and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our findings among women in prison were consistent with those in non-forensic populations and not previously studied among prisoners. They suggest that it would be worth evaluating interventions to modify attentional styles as they may have value in increasing hope and reducing psychological symptoms and perhaps also harmful behaviours in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wing-Ling Li
- Hong Kong Correctional Services, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Wen X, An Y, Zhou Y, Du J, Xu W. Mindfulness, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Posttraumatic Growth in Aid Workers: The Role of Self-Acceptance and Rumination. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:159-165. [PMID: 33273395 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: The risk for aid workers to develop posttraumatic mental problems highlights the importance of reducing the harm of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and promoting the benefits of posttraumatic growth (PTG). This study examined the negative relationship between mindfulness and PTSS, and the positive relationship between mindfulness and PTG, and further explored the mediating roles of self-acceptance, intrusive rumination, and deliberate rumination. Methods: Aid workers from the Red Cross Organization (N = 298) were recruited in the study. They completed a series of questionnaires assessing mindfulness, self-acceptance, rumination, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTG. Results: Results showed that mindfulness was significantly and negatively associated with PTSD through positively predicting self-acceptance and negatively predicting intrusive rumination. Mindfulness was significantly and positively associated with PTG, although the mediating effect did not exist because the path between self-acceptance and deliberate rumination was impassable. Conclusion: The mechanisms between mindfulness, PTSD, and PTG were further explored. Limitations and implications for trauma intervention and future research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Jiaxuan Du
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing
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27
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The Relationship Between Emotional Processing Deficits and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Breast Cancer Patients: The Mediating Role of Rumination. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2021; 27:11-21. [PMID: 30756279 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-019-09606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive activity, manifested as trauma-related ruminative thinking, and deficits in emotional processing are believed to perpetuate the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between emotional processing difficulties and PTSD symptoms. Data from 60 women aged from 40 to 67 (mean 58.0; SD 6.97) with breast cancer diagnosis were analyzed. The participants completed three questionnaires: the Impact of Event Scale-Revised to assess PTSD symptoms, the Event Related Rumination Inventory to measure intrusive and deliberate rumination, and the Emotional Processing Scale to assess emotional processing deficits. The results reveal positive associations between emotional processing deficits, cancer-related rumination, and PTSD symptoms. Mediation analysis indicated that intrusive rumination plays a mediating role in the relationship between difficulties in emotional processing and PTSD symptoms. The findings highlight the role played by cognitive and emotional processes in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.
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28
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Seliniotaki T, Bacopoulou F, Vlachakis D, Artemiadis A, Kampoli K, Chrousos G, Darviri C, Koumarianou A. Effects of an 8-Week Stress Management Program in Women with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1339:85-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78787-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Event-Related Rumination Inventory: A Validation Process in the Greek Language. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1337:149-158. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Savioni L, Triberti S. Cognitive Biases in Chronic Illness and Their Impact on Patients' Commitment. Front Psychol 2020; 11:579455. [PMID: 33192894 PMCID: PMC7655771 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Savioni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Triberti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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31
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ÖCALAN S, ÜZAR ÖZÇETİN YS. Kanser Deneyiminde Ruminasyon, Tükenmişlik ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR 2020. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.664396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Corman M, Aubret D, Ghazal J, Berthon M, Chausse P, Lohou C, Dambrun M. Attentional bias modification with a new paradigm: The effect of the Detection Engagement and Savoring Positivity (DESP) task on eye-tracking of attention. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 68:101525. [PMID: 31739249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We tested the effect of a new Attentional Bias Modification (ABM) task - the Detection Engagement and Savoring Positivity (DESP) task - on attentional biases. The DESP is innovative in that it involves a procedure of savoring the positivity of various pictures. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to the DESP or to a placebo control condition (experiment 1; n = 38) or a condition controlling for savoring (experiment 2; n = 54) in a pre-post/training experimental design. During one week, the participants completed the DESP or the control task once a day between three and six times. We assessed the effects of the DESP task on various attentional biases (i.e. positive, negative and threat) by computing dwell time from an eye-tracking technology before and after the training, and also one week after the post-training session in experiment 2. RESULTS In both experiments, the attentional bias toward positive stimuli between the pre- and the post-training increased significantly more in the DESP task condition than in the control conditions. Negative and threat attentional biases were not significantly affected by the experimental manipulations. Experiment 2 revealed that the DESP task - including the savoring instruction - increased significantly more the positive attentional bias than a task excluding this step and that this effect remained significant one week after the post-training session. LIMITATIONS Our samples were mainly composed of women participants. This prevents generalization of the findings. CONCLUSIONS The DESP task offers promising perspectives for sustainably improving attention to positive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Corman
- Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), UMR CNRS 6024, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Deborah Aubret
- Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), UMR CNRS 6024, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joanne Ghazal
- Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), UMR CNRS 6024, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mickael Berthon
- Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), UMR CNRS 6024, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Chausse
- Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), UMR CNRS 6024, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Lohou
- Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michaël Dambrun
- Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), UMR CNRS 6024, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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MoshirPanahi S, Moradi AR, Ghaderi B, McEwen C, Jobson L. Predictors of positive and negative post-traumatic psychological outcomes in a sample of Iranian cancer survivors. Br J Health Psychol 2020; 25:390-404. [PMID: 32348016 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify predictors of positive and negative post-traumatic psychological outcomes within a sample of Iranian cancer survivors. Methods In this cross-sectional research, 300 (167 females; age M = 53.00, SD = 27.57) cancer survivors (breast cancer, leukaemia, colorectal cancer) were recruited from oncology outpatient clinics in Iran. Participants completed measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), post-traumatic growth (PTG), cognitive processing, attentional biases, and autobiographical memory specificity. Results Using partial least square structural equation modelling, it was found that the proposed model was capable of predicting PTSD and PTG. Negative attentional biases were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, but were not significantly associated with PTG. In contrast, memory specificity and positive attentional biases tended to be associated with PTG, but were not significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Second, negative cognitive processing was significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, while positive cognitive processing was significantly associated with PTG. Finally, there was support for indirect pathways between positive cognitive tendencies and PTG through positive cognitive processing, while there were indirect pathways between negative habitual cognitive tendencies and PTSD symptoms through negative cognitive processing. Conclusions Our findings support growing evidence for differential trajectories to PTG and PTSD symptoms in cancer. Such cognitive factors may be important therapeutic targets in psycho-oncology interventions. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? The diagnosis of cancer and its subsequent treatment can result in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Positive changes and psychosocial growth (post-traumatic growth; PTG) are also common as a result of patients' experience of cancer. What does this study add? This study identified predictors of positive (PTG) and negative trauma (PTSD) outcomes within a sample of Iranian cancer survivors (N = 300). General habitual cognitive tendencies (memory specificity, attentional biases) were associated with cognitive processing, which in turn contributed to psycho-traumatic adaption. There was support for indirect pathways between positive cognitive tendencies and PTG through positive cognitive processing, while there were indirect pathways between negative habitual cognitive tendencies and PTSD symptoms through negative cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva MoshirPanahi
- Kharazmi University and the Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Moradi
- Kharazmi University and the Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bayazid Ghaderi
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Cassandra McEwen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Jobson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ashaie SA, Cherney LR. Eye Tracking as a Tool to Identify Mood in Aphasia: A Feasibility Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2020; 34:463-471. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968320916160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Persons with aphasia often present with low mood/depression, which can negatively affect their quality of life. The validity and reliability of existing depression measures for aphasia have been called into question. Eye tracking in nonstroke populations is reliable in identifying low mood/depression. Depressed persons are biased to negative emotions compared with nondepressed persons and have an absence of bias to positive emotions. However, nondepressed persons may be biased to positive emotions. Objective. To examine the feasibility of using eye tracking to measure mood in persons with aphasia. Methods. We recruited 22 persons with chronic aphasia and 12 healthy controls. Participants completed 2 self-report measures of mood. They also viewed faces that showed happy, sad, and neutral facial expressions during eye tracking. We analyzed 2 eye tracking indices: initial gaze orientation and gaze maintenance to happy, sad, and neutral faces. Results. For initial gaze orientation, participants with aphasia fixated faster on emotional faces compared with healthy controls but directed their gaze less often to happy faces compared with healthy controls. For gaze maintenance components, the duration of first fixation and total fixation duration were shorter on sad faces for participants with aphasia compared with healthy controls. Conclusion. Use of eye tracking with faces representing different mood states is feasible in persons with aphasia. Although there were some similarities, participants with aphasia had different gaze patterns to emotional faces compared with healthy controls. Further research is needed to establish whether this is a valid and reliable method of mood assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer A. Ashaie
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leora R. Cherney
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA
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Alamdar S, Lv Y, Guo J, Lu J, Zhang Y. Attentional bias effect on post-traumatic outcomes in children after earthquake: Mediation role of rumination. Psych J 2020; 9:738-748. [PMID: 32337846 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After traumatic events, children with different types of attentional biases produce different psychological reactions with the help of the rumination process. A sample of 909 middle school students was taken from the Yunnan Ludian earthquake-affected area. Measurement scales of the Chinese version of the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale (APNI), the Chinese version of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES), and the Revised Post-traumatic Growth Inventory for Children (PTG-C) were used to assess the attentional bias, risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and post-traumatic growth (PTG), respectively. The effect of self-reported attention bias was explored by using a structural equation model and bias-corrected bootstrap test on children's psychological reaction after trauma. The results show that there is a positive relationship between self-reported negative attentional bias and PTSD symptoms partially mediated by intrusive rumination and the negative relationship between self-reported positive attentional bias and PTSD symptoms. On the other hand, the relationship between self-reported positive attentional bias and PTG was positive and partially mediated by deliberate rumination. Furthermore, intrusive rumination did not affect PTG indirectly but mediated the relation of deliberate rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Alamdar
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yaodi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Conley CC, Small BJ, Christie J, Hoogland AI, Augusto BM, Garcia JD, Pal T, Vadaparampil ST. Patterns and covariates of benefit finding in young Black breast cancer survivors: A longitudinal, observational study. Psychooncology 2020; 29:1115-1122. [PMID: 32323400 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the patterns and covariates of benefit finding over time among young Black breast cancer (BC) survivors. METHODS Black women (N = 305) with invasive BC diagnosed ≤50 years were recruited an average of 1.9 years post-BC diagnosis. Participants completed self-report questionnaires of benefit finding, social support, and illness intrusions at three time points (M time since BC diagnosis: T2 = 3.1 years, T3 = 4.0 years). Relationships between posttraumatic growth constructs (social support, illness intrusions) and benefit finding over time were examined using mixed models. Models controlled for cultural variables (religiosity, time orientation, and collectivism), receipt of chemotherapy, general health status, and partner status. RESULTS Participants reported high levels of benefit finding (M = 2.99, SE = 0.04 on a 0-4 scale). When accounting for covariates, benefit finding did not change over time since BC diagnosis (P = .21). Benefit finding scores at BC diagnosis were associated with more illness intrusions, greater religiosity, and having received chemotherapy (all Ps < .04). Social support was associated with change in benefit finding scores over time, such that a 1-point increase in social support was associated with a 0.05 increase in benefit finding per year (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS This study addresses key gaps in knowledge regarding benefit finding among Black cancer survivors. Consistent with findings from majority White samples, social support and illness intrusions appear to play a key role in benefit finding in Black BC survivors. Cultural constructs-including religiosity-must also be considered in future studies of benefit finding among minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Conley
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Brent J Small
- School of Aging Studies, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Juliette Christie
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Aasha I Hoogland
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Bianca M Augusto
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer D Garcia
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tuya Pal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan T Vadaparampil
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Black J, Belicki K, Emberley-Ralph J, McCann A. Internalized versus externalized continuing bonds: Relations to grief, trauma, attachment, openness to experience, and posttraumatic growth. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:399-414. [PMID: 32175829 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1737274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the predictors of internalized versus externalized continuing bonds to examine whether internalized bonds are more associated with adaptive adjustment to bereavement than externalized. Four studies were conducted: two of romantic partner loss (n = 268 & 218), one of dog or cat loss (n = 199), and one of prenatal loss (n = 226). Participants completed questionnaires online. As predicted, the use of internalized continuing bonds was related to indicators of positive adaptation to grief (e.g. more secure attachment to deceased) while externalized was more strongly associated with indicators of clinical distress (e.g. greater trauma symptomatology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Black
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn Belicki
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aubrey McCann
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Marziliano A, Tuman M, Moyer A. The relationship between post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth in cancer patients and survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology 2020; 29:604-616. [PMID: 31834657 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)/post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in cancer patients and survivors is increasing. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 51 studies that assessed the relationship between PTSD/PTSS and PTG, in cancer patients/survivors. Five databases were searched through 29 April 2019. The purpose of this manuscript is to report a summary of this literature, the aggregate effect size of the relationship between PTSD and PTG, and the examination of potential moderators that may impact the relationship between PTSD and PTG. RESULTS The aggregate weighted effect size for the association between PTSD/PTSS and PTG was small, r = .08, but significantly different from zero. We examined whether time since diagnosis, stage of cancer, type of measure used to assess PTSD/PTSS, or type of measure used to assess PTG explained the significant heterogeneity among the individual effect sizes. The relationship was significantly stronger for the small subset of studies that included only stage 4 patients compared with those that included only non-stage 4 patients. Additionally, the strongest relationship was for those studies that used the Impact of Events Scale-Revised to assess PTSD. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between PTSD/PTSD and PTG is modestly positive and robust. There is evidence that the threat of advanced cancer is more strongly associated with growth, but none supporting that more time since cancer diagnosis allows survivors the opportunity to positively reinterpret and find meaning in the traumatic aspects of the disease resulting in more growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Marziliano
- Center for Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Malwina Tuman
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Anne Moyer
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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Cheng C, Wang G, Ho SMY. The relationship between types of posttraumatic growth and prospective psychological adjustment in women with breast cancer: A follow‐up study. Psychooncology 2020; 29:586-588. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Tao Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Koo Foundation Sun Yat‐Sen Cancer Center Taiwan
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, National Defense University Taiwan
| | - Ging‐Long Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Koo Foundation Sun Yat‐Sen Cancer Center Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University Taiwan
| | - Samuel M. Y. Ho
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
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40
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Ng DWL, Foo CC, Ng SSM, Kwong A, Suen D, Chan M, Or A, Chun OK, Fielding BFS, Lam WWT. The role of metacognition and its indirect effect through cognitive attentional syndrome on fear of cancer recurrence trajectories: A longitudinal study. Psychooncology 2019; 29:271-279. [PMID: 31663187 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study mapped distinct trajectories of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) over 12 months among patients with breast (BC) or colorectal (CRC) cancer, and examined if metacognition, indirectly via attentional bias, intrusive thoughts and avoidance (hallmarks of cognitive attentional syndrome; CAS) predicted FCR trajectory membership. METHODS Two hundred and seventy BC (n = 163) or CRC (n = 107) patients were assessed at 8-weeks, 3-, 6-, and 12-months postsurgery on a measure of FCR (FCRI-SF). Metacognition (MCQ-30), Intrusive and Avoidant Thoughts (CIES-R) and attentional bias (dot-probe tasks) were assessed at baseline. Latent growth mixture modeling identified FCR trajectories. Fully-adjusted Multinomial Logistic Regression identified whether direct and indirect effects of metacognition through CAS determined FCR trajectory membership. RESULTS Three distinct FCR trajectories were identified, namely, low-stable (62.4%), high-stable (29.2%), and recovery (8.3%). Negative beliefs about worry, cognitive confidence, and age predicted FCR trajectories (χ2 (6) = 38.31, P<.001). Compared with Low-stable group, Recovery FCR patients held greater Negative beliefs about worry (OR = 1.13, P = .035) and High-stable FCR patients reported poorer Cognitive confidence (OR = 1.12, P = .004). The effect of Negative beliefs about worry was partially mediated by avoidance (β = .06, 95% CIs 0.03-0.12) and fully mediated by intrusive thoughts (β = .14, 95% CIs 0.08-0.20). Attentional bias did not predict FCR trajectories. CONCLUSIONS While most patients experienced low level of FCR, 3 in 10 persistently worried about cancer returning over the first 12-months postsurgery. Modifying metacognitive knowledge to interrupt maladaptive cognitive processing including intrusion and avoidance may be an effective therapeutic intervention for patients at risk of persistent FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle W L Ng
- Centre for Psycho-Oncological Research and Training, Division of Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Chung Foo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon S M Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dacita Suen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Miranda Chan
- Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Amy Or
- Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Oi Kwan Chun
- Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brenna F S Fielding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, Hampshire
| | - Wendy W T Lam
- Centre for Psycho-Oncological Research and Training, Division of Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Brown SL, Hughes M, Campbell S, Cherry MG. Could worry and rumination mediate relationships between self‐compassion and psychological distress in breast cancer survivors? Clin Psychol Psychother 2019; 27:1-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L. Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Maria Hughes
- Department of Psychological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Sophie Campbell
- Department of Psychological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - M. Gemma Cherry
- Department of Psychological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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Ogińska-Bulik N, Kobylarczyk M. The role of rumination in posttraumatic growth in people struggling with cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol 2019; 37:652-664. [PMID: 31084411 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2019.1600628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive processes, especially ruminations, play an important role in the emergence of the consequences of experienced traumatic events. The aim of the present study was to establish whether in people struggling with cancer there is an association between the degree of PTG and the level of deliberate and intrusive ruminations, occurring soon after the diagnosis of disease and currently, and whether deliberate ruminations play a mediating role between intrusive ruminations and PTG. Methods: The results of a survey of 71 persons with various kinds of cancer, aged 19-67 years (M = 48.63; SD = 12.71) were analyzed. The majority of respondents (60.57%) were women. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and the Event Related Rumination Inventory were used in the study. Results: The results indicated the presence of positive posttraumatic changes in the examined group. The results of mediation analyses indicate that current deliberate ruminations play a mediating role in the relationship between intrusive ruminations (soon after the event) and appreciation of life and between deliberate ruminations (soon after the event) and changes in relating to others. Conclusions: Encouraging people struggling with cancer to ruminate may foster growth after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ogińska-Bulik
- Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kobylarczyk
- Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive restructuring of maladaptive beliefs within many cognitive behavioural psychotherapies typically encourages the client to undertake self-reflection. However, whilst self-consciousness can aid self-regulation, it is also implicated in a broad Grange of psychopathologies. The extent to which self-consciousness is associated with psychological distress is yet to be fully determined, but recent literature suggests that irrational beliefs, as proposed within rational emotive behaviour theory (REBT) may play an important role. AIMS The aim of the study was to test the mediational effects of self-consciousness, specifically reflection and rumination, on the relationship between irrational beliefs and psychological distress. Based on past research, it was hypothesized that reflection and rumination would mediate the positive relationship between irrational beliefs and psychological distress. We expected irrational beliefs to interact with rumination to positively predict psychological distress, and irrational beliefs to interact with reflection to negatively predict psychological distress. METHOD The present research tested a structural equation model (SEM) in which rumination and reflection mediated the relationship between irrational beliefs and psychological distress. RESULTS Results indicated that rumination mediates the positive relationship between irrational beliefs and psychological distress. However, in contrast to our hypotheses, significant mediation did not emerge for reflection. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show how irrational beliefs and rumination interact to predict psychopathology using advanced statistical techniques. However, future research is needed to determine whether similar mediational effects are evident with rational beliefs as opposed to irrational beliefs.
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Zhai J, Newton J, Copnell B. Posttraumatic growth experiences and its contextual factors in women with breast cancer: An integrative review. Health Care Women Int 2019; 40:554-580. [PMID: 30794107 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2019.1578360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we synthesize current research that examines determinants and manifestations of posttraumatic growth (the phenomenon of posttraumatic growth can be embodied in several domains) in women with breast cancer. The findings of the integrative literature review may contribute to facilitating person-centered oncology care by raising health care professionals' awareness and understanding of posttraumatic growth phenomenon among breast cancer survivors. The identification of factors contributing to posttraumatic growth and manifestations of posttraumatic growth are important in increasing the effectiveness of interventions in supporting women during their breast cancer journey. The methods proposed by Whittemore and Knafl ( 2005 ) were adopted to guide this integrative review. Quality assessment was conducted using recognized critical appraisal tools relating to quantitative and qualitative studies. Four main manifestations were synthesized from the literature: new perception of self; relatedness to others; new life philosophy; and spiritual and religious growth. Personal characteristics, illness factors, cognitive processing, coping strategies, social support, religion and spirituality, the body's role and physical activities were identified as influencing posttraumatic growth in women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Zhai
- a Nursing and Midwifery , Monash University Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jennifer Newton
- a Nursing and Midwifery , Monash University Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.,b School of Nursing , McMaster University , Hamilton , Onatrio , Canada
| | - Beverley Copnell
- c School of Nursing and Midwifery , Latrobe University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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Chen HM, Chen VCH, Hsiao HP, Weng YP, Hsu YT, Weng JC, Su JA, Chen YL. Correlations And Correlates Of Post-Traumatic Growth And Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms In Patients With Breast Cancer. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:3051-3060. [PMID: 31802875 PMCID: PMC6830357 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s218450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although post-traumatic growth (PTG) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) might develop and coexist after a major trauma, few studies have simultaneously examined them in patients with breast cancer. This study investigated the correlation between PTG and PTSS and their differential correlates in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 145 patients with breast cancer were recruited. PTG and PTSS were assessed using the PTG inventory and the Chinese version of startle, physiological arousal, anger, and numbness, respectively. We investigated the effects of demographics, chemotherapy, depression, family support, alexithymia, and anxiety symptoms on PTG and PTSS. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to select the independent correlates of PTSS and PTG. RESULT An association was observed between PTG and PTSS (r = 0.21). Based on multiple regression models, the common correlate of PTG (β = 0.271) and PTSS (β = 0.212) was anxiety symptoms. Differential independent correlates were years of education (β = 0.272), receiving chemotherapy (β = 0.248), and family support (β = 0.259) for PTG, and chronic pain (β = 0.316) and poor cognition (β = -0.350) for PTSS. CONCLUSION Differential correlates were observed for PTG and PTSS in patients with breast cancer. Possible mechanisms and relationships between PTG and PTSS were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ming Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Pin Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-An Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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46
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Ramos C, Leal I, Costa PA, Tapadinhas AR, Tedeschi RG. An Item-Level Analysis of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and Its Associations With Challenge to Core Beliefs and Rumination. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2346. [PMID: 30618899 PMCID: PMC6295566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have found that rumination and challenge to core beliefs may have a predictive effect on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) among different samples. In addition, there is some evidence that these variables have different effects on PTSD and PTG, although the latter construct has been the target of a larger body of research and theoretical models. The main objective of the current study is to examine the effect of challenge to core beliefs, intrusive rumination, and deliberate rumination on PTSD and PTG, through an item-level analyses. Methods: The sample was composed of 205 Portuguese women who had been given a breast cancer diagnosis (M = 54.32, SD = 10.05), and who completed the following self-administered questionnaires: the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C); the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI); the Core Beliefs Inventory; and the Event Related Rumination Inventory. Two multivariate multiple regression analyses, using each item of the PCL-C and the PTGI as dependent variables, were conducted. Results: The results demonstrated that challenges to core beliefs predict 17 of the 21 PTGI items and 12 of the 17 PCL-C items. All but one item of the PCL-C are predicted by intrusive rumination, while the variance of only 4 items of the PTGI are explained by deliberate rumination. Conclusion: These findings indicate that women with breast cancer who tend to display higher levels of intrusive rumination are more likely to report PTSD symptoms, and that an examination of one’s core beliefs is predictor of both positive and negative outcomes. In spite of the proven effect of challenge to core beliefs on both variables, this study suggests that this effect has only a minor influence on PTSD, in addition to confirming its major impact on PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Ramos
- William James for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Leal
- William James for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Rosa Tapadinhas
- Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Richard G Tedeschi
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, United States
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Wang W, Wu X, Tian Y. Mediating Roles of Gratitude and Social Support in the Relation Between Survivor Guilt and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Posttraumatic Growth Among Adolescents After the Ya'an Earthquake. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2131. [PMID: 30455660 PMCID: PMC6230928 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to examine the mediating roles of gratitude and social support in the relationship between survivor guilt and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as the relationship between survivor guilt and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Methods: The current study used self-report questionnaires to investigate 706 adolescent survivors of Lushan county three and a half years after the Ya'an earthquake. The structural equation model was used to evaluate the relations between survivor guilt, gratitude and social support in PTSD and PTG. Results: The results indicated that survivor guilt had a positive effect on both PTSD and PTG. Gratitude partly mediated the relation between survivor guilt and both PTSD and PTG; social support partly mediated the relation between survivor guilt and PTG but not PTSD as well as the relation between gratitude and PTG. Conclusion: Survivor guilt has a double-edged sword effect. Survivor guilt affects PTSD and PTG through gratitude, and it could affect PTG but not PTSD through social support. Gratitude decreases PTSD and increases PTG, whereas social support only increases PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Livneh H, McMahon BT, Rumrill PD. The Duality of Human Experience: Perspectives From Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability—Historical Views and Theoretical Models. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355218800790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the current views on the duality of the human experience as portrayed within the process of coping with and managing traumatic life events, with a special emphasis on those views associated with the onset, or diagnosis, of chronic illnesses and disabilities (CID). In this article, experiential dualities are reviewed with a focus on (a) broadly defined modes of psychosocial adaptation to CID, such as coping versus succumbing, and disabled versus nondisabled selves; (b) models of denial, which often dichotomize its structure as reflecting complete or major versus partial or minor denial; and (c) models of personal growth following adversity and traumatic events, such as the onset or diagnosis of severe and life-threatening CID. Focus is placed on the dualities that dichotomize human functioning following traumatic experiences, along such categories as genuine or transcendent growth versus self-deception or illusory growth.
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49
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Măirean C. Driving cognitions, rumination, and posttraumatic stress disorder in road traffic accidents survivors. Clin Psychol Psychother 2018; 26:47-54. [PMID: 30203885 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationships between driving cognitions (i.e., panic-related cognitions, accident-related cognitions, and social-related cognitions), rumination, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of road traffic accidents (RTAs) survivors. We also investigated the indirect effect of driving cognitions on PTSD symptoms through rumination. The sample included 633 drivers (62% were men; Mage = 36.09; standard deviation [SD] = 11.42 years). The participants completed scales measuring driving cognitions, rumination, and PTSD symptoms, as well as providing their demographic information. The results showed that all three types of driving cognitions assessed in the present study and rumination were significantly positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, rumination mediated the relation between social-related cognitions and PTSD symptoms. The implications for PTSD treatment and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Măirean
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
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Villanova Quiroga C, Fritzen Binfaré L, Rudnicki T, Iracema de Lima Argimon I. Rumination and social support as predictors of posttraumatic growth in women with breast cancer: a systematic review. PSICOONCOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.5209/psic.61437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) is a perceived positive change after a stressful situation. Studies describe different predictors of PTG. The purpose of this study was to (1) review the evidence that rumination and social support are predictors of PTG; (2) analyze the results of the screened studies. Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching for articles with quantitative or mixed methods that evaluated PTG using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, rumination and/or social support in women with breast cancer. Results: Were identified twelve articles that corresponded to the inclusion criteria. All of them reported some degree of PTG in their samples. Rumination was evaluated in three studies, social support was evaluated in ten, and both were considered to have a positive correlation with PTG. Conclusions: This review concludes that rumination and social support are predictors of PTG in women with breast cancer. These results contribute to the development of new interventions in mental health.
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