• Aromatherapy massage
• Intensive care units
• Mint
• Sleep quality
• Sweet almond
• Traumatic brain injury

• Humans
• Aromatherapy/methods
• Male
• Female
• Adult
• Intensive Care Units
• Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications
• Brain Injuries, Traumatic/therapy
• Middle Aged
• Plant Oils/therapeutic use
• Massage/methods
• Sleep Quality
• Mentha
• Prunus dulcis
• Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy
• Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology

• 99000295 Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences

• Anxiety
• Circadian rhythm
• Delirium
• Nursing care
• Sleep quality

• 2022-7-25-100 Sakarya Üniversitesi
• 2022-7-25-100 Sakarya Üniversitesi

• Intensive care medicine
• agitated behaviors
• agitation
• nurses
• qualitative research
• traumatic brain injury

• Comfort Theory
• noise management
• nursing management
• postanesthesia care unit

• Humans
• Female
• Male
• Noise/prevention & control
• Middle Aged
• Postanesthesia Nursing/methods
• Postanesthesia Nursing/standards
• Patient Satisfaction
• Adult
• Recovery Room/organization & administration
• Aged
• Patient Comfort
• Anesthesia Recovery Period

• critical care
• dexmedetomidine
• melatonin
• multicomponent sleep bundle
• pharmacist
• sleep

• Humans
• Pharmacists/organization & administration
• Intensive Care Units/organization & administration
• Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy
• Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology
• Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis
• Critical Illness/therapy
• Professional Role
• Sleep/physiology
• Sleep/drug effects

• Circadian rhythm
• Sleep
• Sleep disturbance
• Sleep impairment

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Aged
• Sleep Quality
• Prospective Studies
• Adult
• Hospitalization
• Noise/adverse effects
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Risk Factors
• Aged, 80 and over

• Monash University

• cardiac surgery
• deep‐breathing exercise
• earplugs
• eye masks
• nursing‐based interventions
• quality of sleep
• sleep promotion
• systematic review

• Humans
• Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
• Sleep Quality
• Health Promotion/methods
• Male
• Female

• Deanship of Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology

• Delirium
• Intensive care
• Mortality
• Sleep
• Sleep deprivation
• Sleep in critical care

• Humans
• Female
• Benzodiazepines/adverse effects
• Retrospective Studies
• Aftercare
• Intensive Care Units
• Delirium/drug therapy
• Patient Discharge
• Sleep

• Critical illness
• Long-term outcomes
• Post–intensive care syndrome
• Recovery
• Survivorship

• Adult
• Humans
• Quality of Life
• Survivorship
• Critical Illness/psychology
• New Zealand
• Australia
• Intensive Care Units

• Coronary care units
• RCSQ
• Reliability and validity
• Sleep quality

• Humans
• Sleep Quality
• Reproducibility of Results
• Sleep
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Intensive Care Units

• critically ill
• intensive care unit
• sleep quality
• survey

• cross-lagged panel analysis
• health status
• life satisfaction
• reciprocal effects
• sleep quality

• 71974064 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 71804061 National Natural Science Foundation of China

Sleep is a complex process influenced by biological and environmental factors. Disturbances of sleep quantity and quality occur frequently in the critically ill and remain prevalent in survivors for at least 12 mo. Sleep disturbances are associated with adverse outcomes across multiple organ systems but are most strongly linked to delirium and cognitive impairment. This review will outline the predisposing and precipitating factors for sleep disturbance, categorised into patient, environmental and treatment-related factors. The objective and subjective methodologies used to quantify sleep during critical illness will be reviewed. While polysomnography remains the gold-standard, its use in the critical care setting still presents many barriers. Other methodologies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology, epidemiology and treatment of sleep disturbance in this population. Subjective outcome measures, including the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, are still required for trials involving a greater number of patients and provide valuable insight into patients’ experiences of disturbed sleep. Finally, sleep optimisation strategies are reviewed, including intervention bundles, ambient noise and light reduction, quiet time, and the use of ear plugs and eye masks. While drugs to improve sleep are frequently prescribed to patients in the ICU, evidence supporting their effectiveness is lacking.

• Critical illness
• Critical care
• Sleep
• Sleep deprivation
• Polysomnography
• Melatonin

• circadian rhythm
• hospitalisation
• nursing
• sleep
• umbrella review

• Humans
• Inpatients
• Sleep
• Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
• Systematic Reviews as Topic

• PI18/00732 Carlos III Institute of Health, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain)
• Universitat de Lleida

• After Hospitalisation
• Critically Ill Patients
• Prevalence
• Sleep Disturbances

• Delirium & cognitive disorders
• INTENSIVE & CRITICAL CARE
• REHABILITATION MEDICINE
• SLEEP MEDICINE

• Humans
• Feasibility Studies
• Delirium/therapy
• Delirium/etiology
• Physical Therapy Modalities
• Intensive Care Units
• Critical Care/methods
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

• HEE / NIHR

• hospital strain
• hospital variation
• intensive care unit
• processes of care
• sepsis

• R35 GM128672 NIGMS NIH HHS

• critical illness
• geriatric syndrome
• organ dysfunction
• respiratory failure
• shock

• Humans
• Aged
• Intensive Care Units
• Aging/physiology

• R33 HL151951 NHLBI NIH HHS
• KL2 TR002245 NCATS NIH HHS
• R01 GM120484 NIGMS NIH HHS
• R01 AG053582 NIA NIH HHS
• R01 AG061161 NIA NIH HHS
• R61 HL151951 NHLBI NIH HHS
• the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research (FAER) and the Society of Academic Associations of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine (SAAAPM)

• Intensive care
• Mechanical ventilation
• Pediatric patients
• Pneumonia
• Sedation
• Sleep cycle

• Critical care
• Sleep deprivation
• Validity

• Cardiac
• intensive care unit
• sleep
• surgery
• teamwork
• telemedicine
• vascular

• Critical care
• Intensive care unit
• Sleep

• Coronary care
• Critical patients
• Sleep
• Sleep care protocol
• Sleep quality

• Anxiety
• Music
• Pain
• Reflexology
• Sleep quality

• Critically ill patient
• Intensive care unit
• Non-pharmacological sleep intervention
• Sleep quality
• Systematic review

• Calidad del sueño
• Critical care
• Cuidados críticos
• Psicometría
• Psychometrics
• Sleep quality

• Clinical Audit
• Hypnotics and Sedatives
• Intensive Care Unit
• Physicians Practice Patterns
• Sleep Aids, Pharmaceuticals

• ICU
• circadian rhythms
• sleep disorders

• Intensive care
• Known-group validity
• Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire
• Sleep
• Sleep quality

• older adults
• sleep
• critical care
• post-intensive care
• icu outcomes
• mechanical ventilation
• hospitalization
• length of stay

• Aged
• Critical Illness
• Humans
• Intensive Care Units
• Length of Stay
• Sleep
• Survivors

• F32 NR018585 NINR NIH HHS

Sleep is fundamental for everyday functioning, yet it is often negatively impacted in critically ill patients by the intensive care setting. With a focus on the neurological intensive care unit (NeuroICU), this narrative review summarizes methods of measuring sleep and addresses common causes of sleep disturbance in the hospital including environmental, pharmacological, and patient-related factors. The effects of sleep deprivation on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune, endocrine, and neuropsychological systems are discussed, with a focus on short-term deprivation in critically ill populations. Where evidence is lacking in the literature, long-term sleep deprivation studies and the effects of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals are also referenced. Lastly, strategies for the promotion of sleep in the NeuroICU are presented.

• Brain injury
• Critical illness
• Intensive care unit
• Sleep
• Sleep deprivation

• Actigraphy
• Intensive care
• Polysomnography
• Sleep
• Sleep disturbance
• Sleep quality

• Actigraphy/methods
• Actigraphy/standards
• Actigraphy/statistics & numerical data
• Adult
• Aged
• Feasibility Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Intensive Care Units/organization & administration
• Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Polysomnography/methods
• Polysomnography/standards
• Polysomnography/statistics & numerical data
• Prospective Studies
• Reproducibility of Results

• Intensive Care Foundation

• End of life
• Epidemiology
• Mechanical ventilation
• Neurorehabilitation
• Pathophysiology
• Prolonged weaning
• Pulmonary rehabilitation

Background: Clinical trialists and clinicians have used a number of sleep quality measures to determine the outcomes of interventions to improve sleep and ameliorate the neurobehavioral consequences of sleep deprivation in critically ill patients, but findings have not always been consistent. To elucidate the source of these consistencies, an important consideration is responsiveness of existing sleep measures. The purpose of an evaluative measure is to describe a construct of interest in a specific population, and to measure the extent of change in the construct over time. This systematic literature review identified measures of sleep quality in critically ill adults hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and assessed their measurement properties, strengths and weaknesses, clinical usefulness, and responsiveness. We also recommended modifications, including new technology, that may improve clinical usefulness and responsiveness of the measures in research and practice.

Methods: CINAHAL, PubMed/Medline, and Cochrane Library were searched from January 1, 2000 to February 1, 2020 to identify studies that evaluated sleep quality in critically ill patients.

Results: Sixty-two studies using polysomnography (PSG) and other electroencephalogram-based methods, actigraphy, clinician observation, or patient perception using questionnaires were identified and evaluated. Key recommendations are: standard criteria are needed for scoring PSG in ICU patients who often have atypical brain waves; studies are too few, samples sizes too small, and study duration too short for recommendations on electroencephalogram-based measures and actigraphy; use the Sleep Observation Tool for clinician observation of sleep; and use the Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire to measure patient perception of sleep.

Conclusions: Measuring the impact of interventions to prevent sleep deprivation requires reliable and valid sleep measures, and investigators have made good progress developing, testing, and applying these measures in the ICU. We recommend future large, multi-site intervention studies that measure multiple dimensions of sleep, and provide additional evidence on instrument reliability, validity, feasibility and responsiveness. We also encourage testing new technologies to augment existing measures to improve their feasibility and accuracy.

• ICU—intensive care unit
• actigraphy
• critically ill patient
• polysomnography
• sleep measurement
• sleep questionnaire

• clustering care activities
• intensive care unit
• nocturnal nursing interventions
• sleep disruption

Background: Readmissions within 30 days of discharge are prominent among patients with cardiovascular disease. Post hospital syndrome hypothesizes that sleep disturbance during the index admission contributes to an acquired transient vulnerability, leading to increased risk of readmission. This study evaluated the association of in-hospital sleep (a) duration and (b) quality with 30-day all-cause unplanned readmission. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study included patients admitted to the coronary care unit of a South Australian hospital between 2016–2018. Study participants were invited to wear an ActiGraph GT3X+ for the duration of their admission and for two weeks post-discharge. Validated sleep and quality of life questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), were administered. Readmission status and questionnaires were assessed at 30 days post-discharge via patient telephone interview and a review of hospital records. Results: The final cohort consisted of 75 patients (readmitted: n = 15, non-readmitted: n = 60), of which 72% were male with a mean age 66.9 ± 13.1 years. Total sleep time (TST), both in hospital (6.9 ± 1.3 vs. 6.8 ± 2.9 h, p = 0.96) and post-discharge (7.4 ± 1.3 h vs. 8.9 ± 12.6 h, p = 0.76), was similar in all patients. Patient’s perception of sleep, reflected by PSQI scores, was poorer in readmitted patients (9.13 ± 3.6 vs. 6.4 ± 4.1, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Although an association between total sleep time and 30-day readmission was not found, patients who reported poorer sleep quality were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days. This study also highlighted the importance of improving sleep, both in and out of the hospital, to improve the outcomes of cardiology inpatients.

• actigraphy
• cardiology
• inpatients
• readmissions

(1) Introduction: Sleep architecture of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients is altered, with over 60% of them reporting sleep disorders or even sleep deprivation during their stay. The aim of the study was to describe the experiences related to sleep and nighttime rest of patients hospitalized in the ICU. (2) Method: the study used a qualitative project based on phenomenology as a research method. A semi-structured interview was used as the method to achieve the goal. The patients’ answers were recorded and transcribed. The data were coded and cross-processed. (3) Results: twenty-three patients were surveyed, fifteen men and eight women. The average age was 49.7 years. The average time of hospitalization was 34.3 days. During the ICU stay, patients required mechanical ventilation through the tracheostomy tube. Five themes were identified from the interview as factors disturbing sleep: fear, noise, light, medical staff, and at home best. (4) Conclusions: chronic anxiety appears to contribute to sleep disturbances in the ICUs, psychological support, and individualized approach to the hospitalized patient seem necessary. By raising the awareness of the essence of sleep among medical staff, environmental factors can be reduced as disturbing sleep. Based on the participants’ comments, it is possible that repeated actions could also increase the patients’ sense of security.

• intensive care unit
• patient’s feelings
• sleep
• sleep deprivation

• Arabic version
• ICU
• Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire
• cognitive interview
• repeated assessment
• sleep assessment