Role of host immune responses in sequence variability of HIV-1 Vpu

doi:10.5411/wji.v4.i2.107

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World Journal of Immunology

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2219-2824

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Immunol. Jul 27, 2014; 4(2): 107-115
Published online Jul 27, 2014. doi: 10.5411/wji.v4.i2.107

Role of host immune responses in sequence variability of HIV-1 Vpu

Zafrul Hasan, Doreen Kamori, Takamasa Ueno

Zafrul Hasan, Doreen Kamori, Takamasa Ueno, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan

Takamasa Ueno, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan

Author contributions: Hasan Z and Kamori D contributed equally to this work; Hasan Z and Kamori D generated the figures and wrote the manuscript; Ueno T designed the study and contributed to the writing of the manuscript.

Supported by A Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture (MEXT) of Japan; and A Grant-in-Aid for AIDS Research from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan; The Scholarship for the International Priority Graduate Programs, to Hasan Z and Kamori D; Advanced Graduate Courses for International Students (Doctoral Course), MEXT, Japan, to Hasan Z and Kamori D

Correspondence to: Takamasa Ueno, PhD, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan. uenotaka@kumamoto-u.ac.jp

Telephone: +81-96-3736826 Fax: +81-96-3736825

Received: March 7, 2014
Revised: April 19, 2014
Accepted: June 14, 2014
Published online: July 27, 2014
Processing time: 142 Days and 5 Hours

Core Tip

Core tip: Viral protein U (Vpu) is a highly polymorphic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein; however factors that are attributable to Vpu sequence variability are not well defined. In this review we have focused on the immune responses both innate (natural killer cells) and adaptive (cellular and humoral) immunity that are directed towards HIV-1 Vpu and we also show the interaction between Vpu and host cellular factors. We also highlight evidence that suggests interaction between the host immune responses and Vpu may contribute to Vpu sequence variability. Finally we have summarized the current knowledge on HIV-1 Vpu functions including Vpu evasion activities from the host immune surveillance.