Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Immunol. Oct 30, 2021; 11(2): 11-16
Published online Oct 30, 2021. doi: 10.5411/wji.v11.i2.11
Published online Oct 30, 2021. doi: 10.5411/wji.v11.i2.11
Interactions between human microbiome, liver diseases, and immunosuppression after liver transplant
Milena Peruhova, Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
Milena Peruhova, Tsvetelina Velikova, Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
Tsvetelina Velikova, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
Author contributions: Peruhova M and Peshevska-Sekulovska M wrote the draft; Velikova T added additional sections and proofread the final version; All authors revised and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Milena Peruhova, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief Doctor, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Kozyak 1 str., Sofia 1407, Bulgaria. mperuhova@gmail.com
Received: May 9, 2021
Peer-review started: May 9, 2021
First decision: July 27, 2021
Revised: August 16, 2021
Accepted: October 13, 2021
Article in press: October 13, 2021
Published online: October 30, 2021
Processing time: 171 Days and 6.9 Hours
Peer-review started: May 9, 2021
First decision: July 27, 2021
Revised: August 16, 2021
Accepted: October 13, 2021
Article in press: October 13, 2021
Published online: October 30, 2021
Processing time: 171 Days and 6.9 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Liver transplant recipients have a higher risk of developing de novo malignancy compared to the general population. Immunosuppressive therapy used after liver transplantation is a substantial risk factor for the development of de novo malignancy. Tumorigenesis in liver transplantation patients is linked to the length and intensity of immunosuppression. Data show that the microbiota could significantly affect the survival and acceptance of transplanted allographs. This once again indicates the incredibly complex interaction between the immune system and microbiome in the settings of liver transplantation and raises the possible strategies to induce immunotolerance and reduce complications such as de novo malignancy.