Review
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World J Immunol. Jul 27, 2013; 3(2): 18-30
Published online Jul 27, 2013. doi: 10.5411/wji.v3.i2.18
Role of the clinical immunology laboratory in disease monitoring
John Maher
John Maher, Department of Immunology, Barnet and Chase Farm NHS Trust, Barnet, Hertfordshire EN5 3DJ, United Kingdom
John Maher, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Department of Research Oncology, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
John Maher, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Maher J solely contributed to this paper.
Correspondence to: John Maher, MD, PhD, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Department of Research Oncology, Guy’s Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom. john.maher@kcl.ac.uk
Telephone: +44-207-1881468 Fax: +44-207-1880919
Received: February 22, 2013
Revised: April 24, 2013
Accepted: May 16, 2013
Published online: July 27, 2013
Processing time: 97 Days and 16.9 Hours
Abstract

Immunological investigations provide useful information to guide diagnosis of several disorders. Many such tests are also commonly repeated at intervals, in an effort to facilitate disease monitoring. In general however, immunology test results are often slow to alter. Furthermore, audit activity has indicated that repeated testing accounts for a substantial workload in many immunology services, which may waste resources and compromise the efficient completion of necessary tests. Consequently, the need and appropriate minimum interval between repeated testing requires critical evaluation. In this review, the clinical utility of repeated performance of several common immunology investigations has been evaluated, based upon published evidence. In some cases (e.g., paraprotein quantification, or measurement of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies), repeated testing provides vital clinical information and can be justified on a frequent and individualized basis. However, many other investigations provided by immunology services provide less valuable information when used to aid disease monitoring rather than diagnosis. It is hoped that the data summarized here will facilitate a more evidence-based approach to repeated testing. Such information may also assist with the local implementation of demand management strategies based upon setting of minimum retesting intervals for these investigations.

Keywords: Clinical immunology; Immune monitoring; Retest; Test interval

Core tip: Immunological investigations provide useful information to guide diagnosis of several disorders. Many such tests are also commonly repeated at intervals, in an effort to facilitate disease monitoring. Here, the evidence underlying the need and appropriate minimum interval between repeated testing has been critically evaluated.