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World J Clin Pediatr. Nov 9, 2021; 10(6): 137-150
Published online Nov 9, 2021. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v10.i6.137
Beyond kidney stones: Why pediatricians should worry about hypercalciuria
Maria Goretti Moreira Guimarães Penido, Marcelo de Sousa Tavares
Maria Goretti Moreira Guimarães Penido, Marcelo de Sousa Tavares, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Nephrology Center, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Hospital, CEP 30150320, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Maria Goretti Moreira Guimarães Penido, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Pediatric Department, Clinics Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Author contributions: Penido MGMG and Tavares MS contributed equally to the conception and design of the study, the acquisition and interpretation of data, and the drafting and critical revision of the article.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Maria Goretti Moreira Guimarães Penido, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chief Doctor, Professor, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Nephrology Center, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Hospital, Rua Piauí 420, CEP 30150320, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. mariagorettipenido@yahoo.com.br
Received: March 26, 2021
Peer-review started: March 26, 2021
First decision: July 27, 2021
Revised: August 8, 2021
Accepted: October 31, 2021
Article in press: October 31, 2021
Published online: November 9, 2021
Processing time: 227 Days and 10.2 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: The incidence of pediatric urolithiasis is increasing, and hypercalciuria is its leading metabolic risk factor. The reduction in bone mass has already been described in hypercalciuric children, and the precise mechanisms of bone loss or failure to achieve adequate bone mass remain unknown. The peak bone mass is achieved by late adolescence, peaking at the end of the second decade of life. This accumulation should occur without interference. The bone mass acquired during childhood and adolescence is the major determinant of adult bone health. Pediatricians should have the knowledge and ability to diagnose and manage pediatric patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.