James S, Maniam J, Cheung PT, Urakami T, von Oettingen J, Likitmaskul S, Ogle G. Epidemiology and phenotypes of diabetes in children and adolescents in non-European-origin populations in or from Western Pacific region. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11(2): 173-195 [PMID: 35433305 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i2.173]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Steven James, PhD, RN, Lecturer, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, 1 Moreton Parade, Petrie 4502, Queensland, Australia. sjames1@usc.edu.au
Research Domain of This Article
Pediatrics
Article-Type of This Article
Systematic Reviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Pediatr. Mar 9, 2022; 11(2): 173-195 Published online Mar 9, 2022. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i2.173
Epidemiology and phenotypes of diabetes in children and adolescents in non-European-origin populations in or from Western Pacific region
Steven James, Jayanthi Maniam, Pik-To Cheung, Tatsuhiko Urakami, Julia von Oettingen, Supawadee Likitmaskul, Graham Ogle
Steven James, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie 4502, Queensland, Australia
Jayanthi Maniam, Graham Ogle, Life for a Child Program, Diabetes NSW & ACT, Glebe 2017, New South Wales, Australia
Pik-To Cheung, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Virtus Medical Group, Hong Kong, China
Tatsuhiko Urakami, Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
Julia von Oettingen, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal H4A 3JI, Quebec, Canada
Supawadee Likitmaskul, Siriraj Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
Author contributions: James S and Maniam J contributed equally to the manuscript; James S, Maniam J and Ogle G co-designed the study; all authors collected/extracted data and contributed to the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflicts of interest.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2020 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2020 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Steven James, PhD, RN, Lecturer, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, 1 Moreton Parade, Petrie 4502, Queensland, Australia. sjames1@usc.edu.au
Received: April 30, 2021 Peer-review started: April 30, 2021 First decision: July 27, 2021 Revised: August 9, 2021 Accepted: January 5, 2022 Article in press: January 5, 2022 Published online: March 9, 2022 Processing time: 313 Days and 10.3 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence varies, with most studies indicating increasing incidence. Reported rates are much lower in the Western Pacific region (WPR), than European-origin populations. Conversely, there are reports of substantial numbers of young people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Research motivation
A greater understanding of T1D and T2D in the WPR may highlight factors important in pathogenesis of these conditions. There is a need to determine the current burden of disease more clearly and also any gaps in knowledge, in view of varying funding and resources for diabetes treatment in this region.
Research objectives
To gather and summarise epidemiologic and phenotypic data on childhood diabetes in non-European populations in and from WPR.
Research methods
A comprehensive systematic search of available literature was undertaken.
Research results
There are both differences and similarities compared to observations in European-origin populations. T1D was found to be less common, but generally has a classic phenotype. Some countries/territories have rapidly increasing incidence. T2D is relatively common. There are, however, many information gaps.
Research conclusions
Given the population and number of countries in this region, many gaps in knowledge remain.
Research perspectives
Registries and studies are needed to fill many information gaps. Establishment of registers will facilitate incidence studies and also define prevalence and mortality, and assist in outcome assessment. Such data will inform quality of care improvements, health professional training, and assist advocacy.
