Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Pediatr. Mar 9, 2023; 12(2): 45-56
Published online Mar 9, 2023. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i2.45
Vaccination coverage in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and healthy peers: Cross-sectional electronic survey data
Elizaveta Makarova, Aygul Khabirova, Natalia Volkova, Tatiana Gabrusskaya, Natalia Ulanova, Larisa Sakhno, Maria Revnova, Mikhail Kostik
Elizaveta Makarova, Larisa Sakhno, Maria Revnova, Department of Polyclinic Pediatrics, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia
Aygul Khabirova, Mikhail Kostik, Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia
Natalia Volkova, Tatiana Gabrusskaya, Natalia Ulanova, Department of Pediatric GI, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia
Author contributions: All authors were involved in the conception, drafting, and critical revision of the article, read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University (Protocol №3 from 01/03/2021). There were no violations of patients' rights according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was completely anonymous.
Informed consent statement: All study participants or their legal guardian provided informed written consent about personal and medical data collection prior to study enrolment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mikhail Kostik, MD, PhD, Full Professor, Professor, Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Lytovskaya 2, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia. kost-mikhail@yandex.ru
Received: December 4, 2022
Peer-review started: December 4, 2022
First decision: January 9, 2023
Revised: January 25, 2023
Accepted: February 13, 2023
Article in press: February 13, 2023
Published online: March 9, 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Patients with immune-mediated diseases, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing infections, due to disease-related immune dysfunction and applying of immunosuppressive drugs.

AIM

To evaluate vaccine coverage in patients with IBD and JIA, and compare it with healthy children.

METHODS

In the cross-sectional study we included the data from a questionnaire survey of 190 Legal representatives of children with JIA (n = 81), IBD (n = 51), and healthy children (HC, n = 58). An electronic online questionnaire was created for the survey.

RESULTS

There were female predominance in JIA patients and younger onset age. Parents of JIA had higher education levels. Employment level and family status were similar in the three studied groups. Patients with JIA and IBD had lower vaccine coverage, without parental rejection of vaccinations in IBD, compare to JIA and healthy controls. The main reason for incomplete vaccination was medical conditions in IBD and JIA. IBD patients had a lower rate of normal vaccine-associated reactions compared to JIA and HC. The encouraging role of physicians for vaccinations was the lowest in JIA patients. IBD patients had more possibilities to check antibodies before immune-suppressive therapy and had more supplementary vaccinations compared to JIA and HC.

CONCLUSION

JIA and IBD patients had lower vaccine coverage compared to HC. Physicians' encouragement of vaccination and the impossibility of discus about future vaccinations and their outcomes seemed the main factors for patients with immune-mediated diseases, influencing vaccine coverage. Further investigations are required to understand the reasons for incomplete vaccinations and improve vaccine coverage in both groups, especially in rheumatic disease patients. The approaches that stimulate vaccination in healthy children are not always optimal in children with immune-mediated diseases. It is necessary to provide personalized vaccine-encouraging strategies for parents of chronically ill children with the following validation of these technics.

Keywords: Vaccines, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Inflammatory bowel diseases, Vaccine coverage, Immune-mediated diseases

Core Tip: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease patients had lower vaccine coverage compared to healthy children. Physician’s encouraging to vaccination and impossibility to discus about future vaccinations and their outcomes seemed the main factors for patients with immune-mediated diseases, influenced the vaccine coverage. Further investigations required to understand the reasons for incomplete vaccinations and improve the vaccine coverage in both groups, especially in rheumatic disease patients. The approaches that stimulate vaccination in healthy children are not always optimal in children with immune-mediated diseases. It is necessary to provide personalized vaccine-encouraging strategies for parents of chronically ill children with following validation of these technics.