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Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Alhawamdeh R, Elbeltagi R. Management of critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder. World J Crit Care Med 2025; 14. [DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v14.i2.99975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Managing critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges due to their distinct sensory sensitivities, communication difficulties, and behavioral issues. Effective strategies and protocols are essential for optimal care in these high-stress situations.
AIM
To systematically evaluate and synthesize current evidence on best practices for managing critical care emergencies in children with ASD. The review focuses on key areas, including sensory-friendly environments, communication strategies, behavioral management, and the role of multidisciplinary approaches.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted across major medical databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, for studies published between 2000 and 2023. Studies were selected based on their relevance to critical care management in children with ASD, encompassing randomized controlled trials, observational studies, qualitative research, and case studies. Data were extracted and analyzed to identify common themes, successful strategies, and areas for improvement.
RESULTS
The review identified 50 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Findings highlighted the importance of creating sensory-friendly environments, utilizing effective communication strategies, and implementing individualized behavioral management plans. These findings, derived from a comprehensive review of current evidence, provide valuable insights into the best practices for managing critical care emergencies in children with ASD. Sensory modifications, such as reduced lighting and noise, visual aids, and augmentative and alternative communication tools, enhanced patient comfort and cooperation. The involvement of multidisciplinary teams was crucial in delivering holistic care. Case studies provided practical insights and underscored the need for continuous refinement of protocols.
CONCLUSION
The review emphasizes the need for a tailored approach to managing critical care emergencies for children with ASD. Sensory-friendly adjustments, effective communication, and behavioral strategies supported by a multidisciplinary team are integral to improving outcomes. Despite progress, ongoing refinement of care practices and protocols is necessary. This ongoing process addresses remaining challenges and engages healthcare professionals in continuous improvement of care for children with ASD in critical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatric, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Alghrabia, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Rawan Alhawamdeh
- Department of Pediatrics Research and Development, Sensoryme Dwc-llc, Dubai 712495, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pediatrics Research and Development, Genomics Sensory Play and Creativity Center, Manama 22673, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Bahrain, Busiateen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
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Acuña C, Gallegos-Berrios S, Barfoot J, Meredith P, Hill J. Ayres Sensory Integration® With Children Ages 0 to 12: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Occup Ther 2025; 79:7903205180. [PMID: 40193295 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2025.051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2025] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Debate over the evidence for Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) is ongoing; previous reviews have reached mixed conclusions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of ASI for children, based on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DATA SOURCES Searches of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase databases. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RCTs were published in peer-reviewed English-language literature and compared implementation of ASI with its Fidelity Measure™ with children ages 0 to 12 yr with treatment as usual, other treatment, or no treatment. Data were extracted using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication Checklist; risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. FINDINGS Nine RCTs (N = 344 participants), six with autistic children and three with other child populations, were included. RCTs were categorized as Level 1b (well designed) or 2b (low quality); strength of evidence was determined according to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Strong evidence from five RCTs (four Level 1b) indicates that ASI supports autistic children in meeting their individualized goals. Moderate evidence from three RCTs (two Level 1b) indicates no benefits of ASI for behaviors of concern, such as noncompliance or irritability. Bias concerns persist among included studies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE ASI supports autistic children's individualized goals related to occupational performance, function, and participation. It is not recommended to address behaviors of concern, such as resistance to change or irritability. More research is needed to determine ASI's benefits for other child populations. Plain-Language Summary: Debate over the uses of Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) with children accessing occupational therapy is ongoing. Previous systematic reviews used varied and inconsistent definitions of ASI interventions, included mixed methodologies of various quality, and arrived at mixed conclusions. This review addressed these concerns by focusing exclusively on high-level studies of ASI that adhered to the ASI Fidelity Measure™, providing valuable insights into the outcomes of ASI for children (age 0-12 yr). When ASI was conducted under fidelity, the evidence suggested that autistic children significantly improved in their individualized goals related to occupational performance, function, and participation. Research that included outcomes related to behaviors of concern, such as noncompliance or irritability, indicated no benefit of ASI. Emerging evidence reveals some functional and developmental benefits for autistic children and other child populations; further research is needed to support the observed outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Acuña
- Carolina Acuña, PGDipEvPubPol, SpecPedOT, BOccThpy, is PhD Candidate, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Sebastian Gallegos-Berrios
- Sebastian Gallegos-Berrios, MSc, BOccThpy, is PhD Candidate, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and Lecturer, Occupational Therapy Department, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jacqui Barfoot
- Jacqui Barfoot, PhD, BOccThpy, is Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Faculty of Medicine, Queensland Cerebral Palsy Research and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela Meredith
- Pamela Meredith, PhD, BA(Hons), BSc, BOccThpy, is Discipline Lead, Occupational Therapy, School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Hill
- Jessica Hill, PhD, BOCTY (Hons 1), is Lecturer in Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Donohue C, Tynan F. The Inclusion of Fathers in Parent Coaching Interventions for Young Autistic Children: A Systematic Review. J Autism Dev Disord 2025:10.1007/s10803-025-06820-0. [PMID: 40208426 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-025-06820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
Parent-mediated interventions are fundamental in supporting parents of autistic children. In particular, parent coaching has emerged as a key component of such interventions. However, the characteristics of such interventions remain underexplored. Therefore, the current review aimed to synthesise characteristics of parent-coaching interventions for young autistic children (<6 years). Specifically, the review aimed to investigate the extent to which fathers are being included in parent-coaching interventions. A systematic review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 5 studies which met the strict inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. Studies were summarised regarding participant information, study design, intervention characteristics, dependent variables, study outcomes and social validity findings. Results revealed that only 2 fathers were represented in the included studies, which included 94 parent-child dyads overall. Although limited to two studies, outcomes indicated that parent-coaching can be successfully implemented with fathers. Findings concerning other intervention characteristics are also discussed. Overall, this review highlights the need for more in-depth research into fathers' experiences of parent-coaching interventions and related child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Donohue
- Department of Educational Psychology, Inclusive and Special Education, Mary Immaculate College, Trainee Educational & Child Psychologist, Board Certified Behaviour Analyst (BCBA), South Circular Road, Limerick, V94 VN26, Ireland.
| | - Fionnuala Tynan
- Faculty of Education, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland
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Arabi SM, Saberi Kakhki A. Comparing the effects of fine, gross, and fine-gross motor exercises on the motor competence of 6-12 year-old autistic children: A quasi-experimental study with a follow-up test. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2025; 254:104842. [PMID: 40023123 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2025] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been reported that most of the autistic children suffer from developmental delays in motor skills. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of Fine, Gross, and Fine-Gross Motor Exercises on the gross and fine motor skills and the motor competence of 6-12 year-old autistic children. METHOD 60 autistic children were included in the study and randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Competence was conducted in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up (two months later). The experimental groups received the intervention of their group in three sessions per week for three months, 30 sessions, each lasting for 45 min. RESULTS motor competence score in the gross-fine motor and gross-motor groups improved significantly in the post-test. In addition, the gross-fine motor group received significantly a higher score in post-test and follow up. This improvement in the gross-fine motor group resulted from improving gross and fine motor skills, while the gross-motor group only improved gross motor skills. CONCLUSION Overall, the gross-fine motor exercise probably positively affected the motor abilities underlying gross and fine motor skills. Hence, this type of exercise program is suggested to be used for autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Manizheh Arabi
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Saberi Kakhki
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Savarese G, Mandia R, Diavoletto A, Piscitelli M, Impemba F, Di Siervi A, Carpinelli L, Bottiglieri F, Sessa M, Corrivetti G. Preliminary Results of Sensorimotor Room Training for the Improvement of Sensory and Motor Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Pediatr Rep 2025; 17:4. [PMID: 39846519 PMCID: PMC11755627 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric17010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Motor skills in early and middle childhood are essential for physical play, social interactions, and academic development. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical sensory responses, which can impact self-care and other developmental areas. This study explores the impact of sensory and motor rehabilitation using a Motor Sensory Room to stimulate motor development in children with ASD. Methods: Twenty-five children with ASD, preschool and school-aged (2-10 years), were divided into three groups based on the DSM-5 severity levels. The PEP-3 scale was used to assess cognitive, language, motor, emotional, social, and behavioral development. Ten children underwent a 3-month Motor Sensory Room intervention, and data were collected longitudinally. A control group of ten children, matched in age, sex, and diagnosis, did not receive the intervention. A 12-month follow-up is planned for all participants. Results: Children exhibited diverse profiles. Type B subjects displayed more severe symptoms, while Type A showed milder symptoms with better language and interpersonal skills. After the 3-month intervention, improvements were noted in several PEP-3 areas. For sensory levels (hypo-reactivity), the percentage of individuals at medium levels increased from 44% to 50%. For hyper-reactivity, the percentage at medium levels rose from 30% to 40%. Motor skills improved, with the percentage of individuals with high motor abilities rising from 20% to 25%. Relational behaviors also saw gains, with an increase from 50% to 55% in medium-level behaviors. The experimental group demonstrated better outcomes compared to the control group, particularly in sensory and motor skills. Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that sensory and motor training in a Motor Sensory Room improves sensory integration, motor coordination, and social interaction in children with ASD. Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Savarese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Rosa Mandia
- Cooperativa Giovamente, 84126 Salerno, Italy; (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.I.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Aldo Diavoletto
- ASL Salerno, 84124, Salerno, Italy; (A.D.); (F.B.); (M.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Michele Piscitelli
- Cooperativa Giovamente, 84126 Salerno, Italy; (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.I.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Francesca Impemba
- Cooperativa Giovamente, 84126 Salerno, Italy; (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.I.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Annatania Di Siervi
- Cooperativa Giovamente, 84126 Salerno, Italy; (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.I.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Luna Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | | | - Marianna Sessa
- ASL Salerno, 84124, Salerno, Italy; (A.D.); (F.B.); (M.S.); (G.C.)
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Lange ML, Crane B, Diamond FJ, Eason S, Presperin Pedersen J, Peek G. RESNA position on the application of dynamic seating. Assist Technol 2025; 37:3-13. [PMID: 34516360 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2021.1979383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic Seating is an intervention used as a part of a manual or power wheelchair to provide movement against resistance in response to client force. This technology can be used for various clinical applications including preventing client injury and equipment breakage; dissipating extensor forces; providing movement for sensory input, calming, and increased alertness; increasing muscle strength, trunk and head control; and other medical benefits. The purpose of this RESNA Position Paper is to provide a definition for this technology in relation to other seating and wheeled mobility technologies as well as present clinical indicators for this seating intervention including literature to substantiate these claims. Although more recent and stronger evidence is needed, existing research does support the application of dynamic seating in numerous clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Crane
- School of Health Professions, Plymouth State University, Plymouth, Hampshire, USA
| | | | | | | | - Greg Peek
- Seating Dynamics , Centennial, Colorado, USA
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Yamanishi Y, Orita Y, Nagayoshi M, Nishimura R, Shinjyo T, Masuda K, Hayashi Y, Nakai A, Imamura A, Parham LD, Iwanaga R. Examining the Effectiveness of Ayres Sensory Integration® Intervention for Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder in Improving Motor Coordination and Daily Activity Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2025; 17:e76971. [PMID: 39917117 PMCID: PMC11798754 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.76971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) intervention focuses on developing sensory processing abilities to improve motor coordination, executive functions, participation, and satisfaction in everyday activities. No well-designed research studies have addressed clearly the effectiveness of ASI intervention for children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) even though ASI intervention was effective for children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods and procedures Seventeen children with DCD (aged 4-8.5 years old) were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. ASI intervention was provided to the intervention group twice a week for 10 weeks. In addition to participants' goals in daily activities, sensory integration abilities and motor coordination were assessed before and after the intervention. Outcomes and results The split-plot factorial design demonstrated significant time × group interaction in the total score (F (1, 15) = 7.651, p = 0.014, partial η2= 0.338) and balance score (F (1, 15) = 11.163, p = 0.004, partial η2 = 0.427) of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2), with significant differences in simple main effects before and after intervention for the intervention group. The post-intervention Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) score showed a significant difference in the time × group interaction (F (1, 15) = 15.662, p = 0.001, partial η2 = 0.511) and a simple main effect in the intervention group. Conclusions A short-term, intensive ASI intervention improves motor performance, coordination, and daily activities function in children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamanishi
- Department of Occupational Therapy Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, JPN
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, JPN
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, JPN
| | - Yasushi Orita
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, JPN
| | - Mika Nagayoshi
- Institute for Child Development, General Incorporated Association of AQUA, Ginoza, JPN
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, JPN
| | - Rie Nishimura
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Fukuyama Support Center of Development and Care for Children, Fukuyama, JPN
| | - Tamae Shinjyo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kurashige Pediatric Clinic, Kitakyushu, JPN
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Medical Center, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, JPN
| | - Kumiko Masuda
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, JPN
| | - Yuko Hayashi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, JPN
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Medical Center, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, JPN
| | - Akio Nakai
- Research Institute for Education and Graduate School of Clinical Education, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, JPN
| | - Akira Imamura
- Department of Occupational Therapy Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, JPN
| | - L Diane Parham
- Department of Pediatrics, Occupational Therapy Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Ryoichiro Iwanaga
- Department of Occupational Therapy Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, JPN
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Sivapalan S, Sivayokan B, Raveenthiran K, Sivayokan S. Sensory Issues and Their Impact Among Autistic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Sri Lanka. Cureus 2024; 16:e72130. [PMID: 39575000 PMCID: PMC11580710 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.72130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory processing issues are among the key diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As altered sensory processing causes autistic children to react differently to sensory experiences and has a profound impact on their development, affecting their learning ability, social interaction, and ability to adapt to a new environment, there is a need to recognize and address these issues in children diagnosed with ASD during assessments and interventions. This study aimed to identify the patterns of sensory issues and their impact, and selected correlates among autistic children attending a center for neurodevelopmental disorders in northern Sri Lanka. METHODS This institution-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at a center for neurodevelopmental disorders in Jaffna among 100 children diagnosed with ASD. The sociodemographic details of the child, and scores of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale second edition (CARS™ 2), Sensory Profile™ 2, and a locally developed Behavioral Checklist were extracted from the records available at the center. Data were analyzed using R statistical computing software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) using general linear models. RESULTS All the children in this study had at least one sensory issue, with 50% having visual processing issues. The severity of ASD increased as auditory processing issues increased. Behavioral issues, in general, increased significantly with increasing auditory and visual processing issues. Repetitive behaviors significantly increased with increasing auditory processing issues, while problems with self-regulation increased significantly with increasing visual and movement processing issues. Conduct-related issues were found to increase significantly with increasing movement and visual processing issues, and attentional response issues were found to increase significantly with increasing auditory, visual, and touch processing issues. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of sensory issues in autistic children and its impact on the severity of ASD and behavioral issues are reiterated in this study. These results emphasize the importance of including interventions targeting sensory issues with the routine therapy for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavana Sivayokan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
| | - Kounthini Raveenthiran
- Mathavam - Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Regional Directorate of Health Services, Jaffna, LKA
| | - Sambasivamoorthy Sivayokan
- Mental Health Unit, Teaching Hospital Jaffna, Jaffna, LKA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, LKA
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Soler N, Perkes IE, Dale RC, Bray P. Parent-young person lived experience of sensory dysregulation in children with tic disorders: a qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39324587 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2403727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the breadth of sensory dysregulation on participation in daily tasks for young people with tic disorders, as research identified that sensory dysregulation experiences are broader than the symptoms being assessed. METHODS Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 families with children (5-16 years) with tic disorders. Interviews ranged from 45 to 120 min and were transcribed verbatim. Data collected from parents and young people were analysed and coded together. Thematic analysis using inductive and open coding methods was implemented using NVivo. RESULTS The impact of sensory dysregulation on daily life may be understood through the higher-order theme: ''sensory, emotions and tics; it's a ticking time bomb'', and three subthemes: (1) we sacrifice and adapt to get daily activities done in the home, (2) my child's experience of the community environment hinders participation, and (3) sensory preferences impact our entire family. CONCLUSION Sensory dysregulation experiences impact the entire family's quality of life, yet patient-reported sensory measures do not adequately capture the impact on the family unit and breath of symptoms. A sensory-based measure for children with tics is needed to comprehensively assess sensory dysregulation sensitivities for this population, ensuring patients' needs and effectiveness of therapy can be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Soler
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, Australia
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Iain E Perkes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health and Discipline of Paediatrics & Children's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paula Bray
- The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, Australia and School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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McQuiddy VA, Ingram M, Vines M, Teeters S, Ramstetter A, Strain-Riggs SR. Long-Term Impact of an Occupational Therapy Intervention for Children With Challenges in Sensory Processing and Integration. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7804185060. [PMID: 38805003 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Research is limited regarding parent-caregiver perspectives of occupational therapy (OT) intervention for children with challenges in sensory processing and integration and whether changes immediately following OT intervention are sustained over time. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether changes in identified goals are maintained following OT intervention and to determine what aspects of OT intervention parents-caregivers perceive to be most valuable. DESIGN A mixed-methods research design. SETTING A large midwestern pediatric hospital, with follow-up telephone interviews with parents-caregivers. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen children with sensory challenges and their parents-caregivers. INTERVENTION Children participated in 1-hr OT intervention sessions, 3 days per wk, for 6 to 7 wk. Parents-caregivers of children who completed OT intervention were interviewed via the telephone 6 to 12 mo after the intervention. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) were used to determine whether changes were made and sustained over time. Qualitative data on caregiver perceptions of OT intervention were collected via open-ended questions during phone interviews. COPM and GAS scores before intervention were statistically significant compared with scores immediately following intervention and at 6- to 12-mo follow-up. Five themes emerged from the qualitative data. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Children with sensory challenges made significant changes related to occupational performance following OT intervention, and goal achievement was sustained over time. Parents-caregivers valued many aspects of the OT program, including the increased frequency of therapy services, the occupational therapist's advanced knowledge and skills, and the education and information provided during the program. Plain-Language Summary: This study supports the results of previous studies on OT intervention for children with challenges in sensory processing and integration. The study also adds to the body of knowledge that shows that changes and progress toward goals that result from skilled OT intervention can be sustained over time. The study showed that children participating in OT intervention made statistically significant changes while receiving OT services and maintained progress after intervention ended; however, the children did not continue to make significant progress toward goals once skilled OT services ended. Parents and caregivers of children with sensory challenges reported that they found OT intervention to be beneficial. Other important factors influencing the effectiveness of OT intervention that were identified by parents-caregivers included the education provided by the occupational therapist, the increased frequency of therapy services, and the increased knowledge and skills of the occupational therapists who provided the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ann McQuiddy
- Victoria Ann McQuiddy, PhD, MHS, OTR/L, is Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, and Occupational Therapist, Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH;
| | - Marissa Ingram
- Marissa Ingram, MOT, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, The Resource Exchange, Colorado Springs, CO. At the time of this research Ingram was Student, Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Madison Vines
- Madison Vines, MOT, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, ABC Pediatric Therapy, Cincinnati, OH. At the time of this research, Vines was Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Shannon Teeters
- Shannon Teeters, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Anna Ramstetter
- Anna Ramstetter, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sara-Ruth Strain-Riggs
- Sara-Ruth Strain-Riggs, DHSc, MOT, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Yang Y, Chen D, Cai K, Zhu L, Shi Y, Dong X, Sun Z, Qiao Z, Yang Y, Zhang W, Mao H, Chen A. Effects of mini-basketball training program on social communication impairments and regional homogeneity of brain functions in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:92. [PMID: 38659073 PMCID: PMC11040976 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social communication impairments (SCI) is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is marked by challenges in social interaction. Although physical exercise has been shown to improve SCI, this finding has not been supported by comprehensive scientific evidence. Existing research has established a strong link between the SCI in children with ASD and abnormalities in regional homogeneity (ReHo). Therefore, investigating the effects of physical exercise on SCI and Reho in patients with ASD may help to elucidate the neurological mechanisms involved. METHODS The present study included 30 preschool children diagnosed with ASD, with 15 participants in each group (experimental and control). The experimental group underwent a 12-week mini-basketball training program (MBTP) based on routine behavioral rehabilitation, while the control group only received routine behavioral rehabilitation. The Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2) was employed to assess SCI in both groups. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging technology was used to evaluate ReHo in both groups. RESULTS After 12-week of MBTP, significant group × time interactions were observed between the experimental and control groups in total SRS-2 scores (F = 14.514, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.341), as well as in the domains of social cognition (F = 15.620, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.358), social communication (F = 12.460, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.308), and autistic mannerisms (F = 9.970, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.263). No statistical difference was found in the scores for the social awareness subscale and social motivation subscale in the group × time interaction (all p > 0.05). The experimental group exhibited increased ReHo in the right Cerebellum_Crus1 and right parahippocampal gyrus, coupled with decreased ReHo in the left middle frontal gyrus (orbital part), left superior frontal gyrus (dorsolateral), left postcentral gyrus, and right superior parietal gyrus. Furthermore, a decrease in ReHo in the left postcentral gyrus positively correlated with changes in social communication scores in SCI behaviors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the effectiveness of a 12-week MBTP in ameliorating SCI and abnormalities in ReHo among preschool children with ASD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is retrospectively registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900024973; August 5, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kelong Cai
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Qiao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yahui Yang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weike Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyong Mao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiguo Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Randell E, McNamara R, Busse M, Delport S, Williams-Thomas R, Maboshe W, Gillespie D, Milosevic S, Brookes-Howell L, Wright M, Hastings RP, McKigney AM, Glarou E, Ahuja A. Exploring critical intervention features and trial processes in the evaluation of sensory integration therapy for autistic children. Trials 2024; 25:131. [PMID: 38368387 PMCID: PMC10873975 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-07957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of manualised sensory integration therapy (SIT) for autistic children with sensory processing difficulties in a two-arm randomised controlled trial. Trial processes and contextual factors which may have affected intervention outcomes were explored within a nested process evaluation. This paper details the process evaluation methods and results. We also discuss implications for evaluation of individual level, tailored interventions in similar populations. METHODS The process evaluation was conducted in line with Medical Research Council guidance. Recruitment, demographics, retention, adherence, and adverse effects are reported using descriptive statistics. Fidelity of intervention delivery is reported according to the intervention scoring manual. Qualitative interviews with therapists and carers were undertaken to explore the acceptability of the intervention and trial processes. Qualitative interviews with carers explored potential contamination. RESULTS Recruitment, reach and retention within the trial met expected thresholds. One hundred thirty-eight children and carers were recruited (92% of those screened and 53.5% of those who expressed an interest) with 77.5% retained at 6 months and 69.9% at 12 months post-randomisation. The intervention was delivered with structural and process fidelity with the majority (78.3%) receiving a 'sufficient dose' of intervention. However, there was considerable individual variability in the receipt of sessions. Carers and therapists reported that trial processes were generally acceptable though logistical challenges such as appointment times, travel and COVID restrictions were frequent barriers to receiving the intervention. No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS The process evaluation was highly valuable in identifying contextual factors that could impact the effectiveness of this individualised intervention. Rigorous evaluations of interventions for autistic children are important, especially given the limitations such as limited sample sizes and short-term follow-up as faced by previous research. One of the challenges lies in the variability of outcomes considered important by caregivers, as each autistic child faces unique challenges. It is crucial to consider the role of parents or other caregivers in facilitating access to these interventions and how this may impact effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered as ISRCTN14716440. August 11, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica Busse
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melissa Wright
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Ty Dewi Sant, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard P Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal, and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Eleni Glarou
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alka Ahuja
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
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Nava E, Giraud M, Bolognini N. The emergence of the multisensory brain: From the womb to the first steps. iScience 2024; 27:108758. [PMID: 38230260 PMCID: PMC10790096 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The becoming of the human being is a multisensory process that starts in the womb. By integrating spontaneous neuronal activity with inputs from the external world, the developing brain learns to make sense of itself through multiple sensory experiences. Over the past ten years, advances in neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques have allowed the exploration of the neural correlates of multisensory processing in the newborn and infant brain, thus adding an important piece of information to behavioral evidence of early sensitivity to multisensory events. Here, we review recent behavioral and neuroimaging findings to document the origins and early development of multisensory processing, particularly showing that the human brain appears naturally tuned to multisensory events at birth, which requires multisensory experience to fully mature. We conclude the review by highlighting the potential uses and benefits of multisensory interventions in promoting healthy development by discussing emerging studies in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nava
- Department of Psychology & Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michelle Giraud
- Department of Psychology & Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology & Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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14
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Jeong EH. Effects of school-based occupational therapy program for children with disabilities in elementary school in Korea: a case study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:26. [PMID: 38229207 PMCID: PMC10790452 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this case study was to explore the effects of a school-based occupational therapy on children's attention, school adaptation, sensory processing, and motor function for children in special classes in elementary school in Korea. CASE PRESENTATION The subjects of this study were a 7-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder and a 9-year-old girl with intellectual disability. The school-based occupational therapy program consisted of 10 sessions and was conducted once a week for an hour and a half. The program consisted of classroom activities, use of school facilities, emotional management, and activities based on sensory integration, and was conducted as individual and group programs according to sessions. As a result of the study, all improved when the pre- and post-scores of the two children's attention assessment, school adjustment scale, sensory processing evaluation tool for the children in school and BOT-2-SF were compared. CONCLUSIONS Although the results from two cases cannot be generalized, the findings suggest the school-based occupational therapy program may help a positive effect on the school life of children with disabilities. Further investigation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hwa Jeong
- Dept. of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Far East University, 76-32, Daehak-gil, Gamgok-myeon, Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, 27601, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Choudhury I, Tarver T, Davis M, Reynolds S. Studying the Specificity of Research Reporting for Ayres Sensory Integration® Interventions in the Published Literature: A Scoping Review. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7801205010. [PMID: 38272010 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A contributing factor to the gap between research publication and clinical implementation is the lack of specificity used when reporting findings. OBJECTIVE This scoping review used the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) to determine which elements of specificity are most often present and omitted from research using Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI). DATA SOURCES The following databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and ERIC. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION Eligible studies used ASI in an outpatient setting with children who had sensory integration or processing difficulties. Studies selected were quantitative (Level 1, 2, 3, or 4), available in full text, peer reviewed, and published in English within the past 20 yr. FINDINGS Of the 22 studies that met inclusion criteria, 100% included ingredients (actions of the therapist), 63% included mechanisms of action (reasoning behind these actions), 86% included targets, and 23% described client progression. We also found that 49% of all ingredients were listed in conjunction with a target, 15% were listed in conjunction with a mechanism of action, and 11% were listed in conjunction with both a target and a mechanism of action. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Findings indicate that many studies list ingredients but often omit the mechanism of action. This omission makes replication of the intervention increasingly difficult and prevents a deeper understanding of the clinical reasoning process behind the intervention. Plain-Language Summary: Gaps identified in this scoping review highlight inconsistencies in the reporting of treatment specificity that may affect the replication and translation of Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) research into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishanie Choudhury
- Ishanie Choudhury, BS, is Student, Occupational Therapy Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Talicia Tarver
- Talicia Tarver, MEd, MLIS, is Associate Professor and Research and Education Librarian, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Mary Davis
- Mary Davis, BS, is Student, Occupational Therapy Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Stacey Reynolds
- Ishanie Choudhury, BS, is Student, Occupational Therapy Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
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Akter R, Urme NA, Hossain KMA, Hossain T, Ahammad S, Yeasmin MH, Hossain MZ, Parvin R, Hossain MS, Zahid MA. Protocol for a randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of Structured Diet (SD) and Regular Therapy (RT) for adolescents with malnutrition having Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292326. [PMID: 38019825 PMCID: PMC10686458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a lifelong impact on behavior, communication, cognitive function, education, physical functioning, and personal, or social life. Separate studies suggest, Therapeutic and dietary interventions are effective to some extent in managing these issues. No study integrated the nutrition and therapeutic approaches and examined the outcome on disease severity, overall health, and behavioral status in ASD. The proposed study is designed to evaluate the combined effect of regular therapy (RT) and structured diet (SD) compared to the usual diet (UD) for Adolescents with ASD. METHODS The proposed study will be a randomized clinical trial (RCT) with the assessor, therapist, and participants blinded to group allocation. Seventy ASD children with malnutrition will be enrolled in two different facilities of the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP) between January 2023 and June 2023. Participants will be enrolled through a hospital-based randomization process from a population-based screening dataset, and with a concealed group allocation to either RT+ SD or RT+ UD group with a 1:1 ratio. The outcome measures are the Childhood Autism Rating Scale as per DSM-5 to determine the severity of ASD, Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and BMI for nutritional status, and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-2) to assess the behavioral status. Post-test will be performed after 12 weeks of intervention, and Follow-up will be taken after 6 months of post-test. PERSPECTIVES The result of the study will contribute to the provision of a comprehensive approach to malnourished Adolescents with ASD, and manage the issues related to the severity of ASD, stereotypical behavior, and anticipated health hazards. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER CTRI/2022/11/047653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksana Akter
- Department of Nutrition & Food Technology, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Afrin Urme
- Department of Physiotherapy, Bangladesh Health Professions Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - K. M. Amran Hossain
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Tofajjal Hossain
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Shameem Ahammad
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Mymensingh College of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Hosneara Yeasmin
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP), Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zahid Hossain
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Rashida Parvin
- Department of Nutrition & Food Technology, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohrab Hossain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Bangladesh Health Professions Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashrafuzzaman Zahid
- Department of Nutrition & Food Technology, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Sensory Integration Approaches for Children and Youth in Occupational Therapy Practice. Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7713410230. [PMID: 38175825 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.77s3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This AOTA Position Statement describes the role of occupational therapy practitioners in providing services to children and youth with a variety of sensory processing patterns and sensory integrative dysfunction. It also serves as a resource for policymakers, funding and reimbursement sources, and caregivers.
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18
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Su WC, Cleffi C, Srinivasan S, Bhat A. Telehealth Versus Face-to-Face Fine Motor and Social Communication Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Efficacy, Fidelity, Acceptability, and Feasibility. Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7706205130. [PMID: 38048263 PMCID: PMC10846418 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The efficacy of telehealth (TH) interventions needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy, fidelity, acceptability, and feasibility of face-to-face (F2F) versus TH seated play (SP) interventions among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). DESIGN As part of a larger randomized controlled trial, children were assigned to the SP group and received TH and F2F interventions over 8 wk using a pretest-posttest study design. SETTING A research lab or through videoconferencing. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen children with ASD (ages 5-14 yr) were randomly assigned to the SP group and received the intervention F2F or through TH. INTERVENTION Children received 16 SP intervention sessions (2 sessions per week for 8 wk). OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Pretests and posttests included standardized fine motor assessments. Video coding compared socially directed verbalization during training sessions. Parents and trainers provided feedback on their experiences. RESULTS Seven children received the intervention F2F, whereas 8 received TH intervention. Children in both subgroups showed similar training improvements in fine motor skills and socially directed verbalizations (ps > .01). Parents rated both interventions as acceptable and feasible; however, they reported longer preparation time and effort during TH interventions (ps < .01). Trainers reported greater parental involvement but more communication and technological issues during TH interventions. Fidelity checks indicated fewer reinforcements during TH versus F2F sessions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE TH intervention is feasible and effective in improving fine motor and social communication performance. Clinicians should reduce parental burden and overcome technological issues. What This Article Adds: This study confirmed the efficacy, fidelity, acceptability, and feasibility of delivering seated play, standard of care interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder via telehealth. However, clinicians should work on reducing parental burden and overcoming communication and technological issues related to telehealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Su
- Wan-Chun Su, PhD, MS, PT, is Postdoctoral Fellow, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Corina Cleffi
- Corina Cleffi, BS, is Graduate Student, Department of Physical Therapy and Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark
| | - Sudha Srinivasan
- Sudha Srinivasan, PhD, MS, PT, is Assistant Professor, Physical Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology; Institute for Health, Intervention, and Policy; and Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Anjana Bhat
- Anjana Bhat, MS, PhD, PT, is Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark;
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19
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Lange ML. Clinical changes as a result of dynamic seating in a young adult with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2023; 18:1101-1106. [PMID: 34672910 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2021.1984593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This case study follows a single participant with cerebral palsy through 15 years of wheelchair seating interventions. Positioning challenges within the wheelchair seating system included significantly increased muscle tone, extension patterns, extraneous movement, loss of body position in relation to the seating system, loss of alignment with other assistive technologies, high energy expenditure, client injury and pain, and equipment damage. The purpose of this article is to present clinical changes seen in this participant during a progression of dynamic seating interventions. CASE DESCRIPTION includes four separate seating and wheeled mobility evaluations over an eight-year time frame and subsequent equipment recommendations. A key intervention was the application of dynamic seating. No standardized assessments for wheeled seating and mobility evaluation are available, at this time. OUTCOMES the recommended interventions resulted in reduced extension patterns, extraneous movement, loss of position and alignment with other assistive technologies, energy expenditure, client injury and pain, and equipment damage. Further, functional gains and increased seating tolerance were noted. CONCLUSION dynamic seating may address numerous positioning challenges in clients with increased muscle tone in conjunction with an appropriate seating system and mobility base.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONDynamic seating may:•Dissipate client forces to reduce active extension.•Protect a client from injury by reducing intermittent and sustained forces.•Protect wheelchair seating, mounting hardware, and the frame from loss of alignment and damage.•Provide movement to decrease agitation and increase alertness.
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20
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Soref B, Robinson GL, Bart O. The Effect of a Short-Term Occupational Therapy Intervention on the Participation and Personal Factors of Preschoolers with Developmental Disabilities. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1401. [PMID: 37628400 PMCID: PMC10453018 DOI: 10.3390/children10081401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preschoolers with developmental disabilities are referred to occupational therapy due to their decreased participation in daily life occupations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement in preschoolers' participation and sensory-motor abilities following an occupational therapy intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cohort study of 38 preschoolers and their parents was conducted using an interrupted time-series design, including assessments at three time points: base line (upon referral to an occupational therapy assessment), pre-intervention, and post-intervention after 9-12 sessions of occupational therapy interventions. Children were evaluated with the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, as well as the balance and fine motor precision sub tests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Parents completed the Children's Participation Questionnaire and the Child Performance Skills Questionnaire. Each intervention session was documented by the therapists using the Documentation of Occupational Therapy Session Intervention form. RESULTS Significant improvement in children's sensory-motor abilities were found in balance, visual integration, and fine motor precision post-intervention. There were also improvements in the measures of diversity, children's independence, and parental satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS A short-term occupational therapy intervention applied to preschoolers with developmental disabilities is effective in improving their sensory-motor abilities, as well as in promoting their participation in daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosmat Soref
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- The Child Developmental Unit, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6816323, Israel;
| | - Gary L. Robinson
- The Child Developmental Unit, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6816323, Israel;
| | - Orit Bart
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
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Cherewick M, Daniel C, Shrestha CC, Giri P, Dukpa C, Cruz CM, Rai RP, Matergia M. Psychosocial interventions for autistic children and adolescents delivered by non-specialists in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1181976. [PMID: 37609501 PMCID: PMC10440606 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1181976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most autistic individuals reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and have limited access to medical providers and specialists. Support for delivery of psychosocial interventions by non-specialists is growing to address this mental health care gap. This scoping review involved a systematic analysis of studies of non-specialist delivered psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents diagnosed with autism and living in low- and middle-income countries. Methods The primary objective of this review was to identify psychosocial interventions for autistic children and adolescents in LMIC delivered by non-specialists (parent, teacher, peer, community, multi-level) and to summarize resulting effects on targeted outcomes. The search strategy was completed in four databases with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The systematic search generated 3,601 articles. A total of 18 studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data extraction was completed, and results summarized by; (1) participant sample; (2) intervention procedures; (3) implementation by non-specialists; (4) effect on evaluated outcomes; and (5) assessment of risk of bias. Studies examined a range of child and adolescent outcomes including assessment of communication skills, social skills, motor skills, functional and adaptive behaviors, emotional regulation, attention and engagement, sensory challenges, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Several studies also evaluated intervention effects on family relationships, parent/caregiver stress and parent/caregiver mental health. Results Collectively, the 18 studies included a total of 952 ASC participants ranging in age from 2 to 16 years. Of the included studies, 8 studies were parent/caregiver-mediated, 1 study was peer-mediated, 2 studies were teacher-mediated, and 7 studies included multi-level non-specialist mediated components. Effects on evaluated outcomes are reported. Conclusion Non-specialist delivered interventions for autistic children and adolescents are effective for an array of outcomes and are particularly well suited for low- and middle-income countries. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cherewick
- Department of Community & Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christina Daniel
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Priscilla Giri
- Darjeeling Ladenla Road Prerna, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Choden Dukpa
- Darjeeling Ladenla Road Prerna, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Christina M. Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry, School Psychology Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Roshan P. Rai
- Darjeeling Ladenla Road Prerna, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Michael Matergia
- Broadleaf Health & Education Alliance, Stroudsburg, PA, United States
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
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22
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Pride NA, Haebich KM, Walsh KS, Lami F, Rouel M, Maier A, Chisholm AK, Lorenzo J, Hearps SJC, North KN, Payne JM. Sensory Processing in Children and Adolescents with Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3612. [PMID: 37509275 PMCID: PMC10377664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the evidence of elevated autistic behaviors and co-occurring neurodevelopmental difficulties in many children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), we have a limited understanding of the sensory processing challenges that may occur with the condition. This study examined the sensory profile of children and adolescents with NF1 and investigated the relationships between the sensory profiles and patient characteristics and neuropsychological functioning. The parent/caregivers of 152 children with NF1 and 96 typically developing children completed the Sensory Profile 2 (SP2), along with standardized questionnaires assessing autistic behaviors, ADHD symptoms, internalizing symptoms, adaptive functioning, and social skills. Intellectual functioning was also assessed. The SP2 data indicated elevated sensory processing problems in children with NF1 compared to typically developing children. Over 40% of children with NF1 displayed differences in sensory registration (missing sensory input) and were unusually sensitive to and unusually avoidant of sensory stimuli. Sixty percent of children with NF1 displayed difficulties in one or more sensory modalities. Elevated autistic behaviors and ADHD symptoms were associated with more severe sensory processing difficulties. This first detailed assessment of sensory processing, alongside other clinical features, in a relatively large cohort of children and adolescents with NF1 demonstrates the relationships between sensory processing differences and adaptive skills and behavior, as well as psychological well-being. Our characterization of the sensory profile within a genetic syndrome may help facilitate more targeted interventions to support overall functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Pride
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kristina M Haebich
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Karin S Walsh
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Francesca Lami
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Melissa Rouel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Alice Maier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anita K Chisholm
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lorenzo
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | | | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Stackhouse TM, Burke HK, Hacker CG, Burke LM, Hui CE, Osten B, Lane SJ. Integrated Occupational Therapy Camp for Children with Regulation/Sensory Processing Differences: Preliminary Evaluation. Can J Occup Ther 2023; 90:25-33. [PMID: 36201004 DOI: 10.1177/00084174221129941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background. Integration of occupational therapy into a camp environment may support participation for children with neurodevelopmental differences, but evidence is limited. Purpose. This study examines the effects of participation of children with regulation/sensory processing differences at one such integrated camp on parent-established functional goals. Method. We used a pre-test/post-test repeated measures cohort design. Individualized goals were established with parents three months before camp using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) (n = 82, child ages 4-13). Parents re-rated goals immediately before, one month after, and three months after camp. Findings. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed improvement in occupational performance over the week of camp significantly exceeded change within the three months prior. Improvements remained stable three months post-camp. Implications. Integrating occupational therapy within a camp setting is beneficial for children with neurodevelopmental differences. The COPM can be integrated into a camp setting to document meaningful change in individualized parent-established goals.
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Soler N, Cordier R, Perkes IE, Dale RC, Bray P. Proxy-reported sensory measures for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:185-199. [PMID: 35906897 PMCID: PMC10952264 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the quality and utility of proxy-reported sensory measures for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, movement disorders, and intellectual disability). METHOD We systematically searched 11 databases. We applied the updated Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist and criteria for good measurement properties to evaluate instrument development and psychometric properties. Findings were summarized using a COSMIN adaptation of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. RESULTS From 11 databases, 6748 articles were screened. Ninety-one full-length articles were reviewed after removing excluded studies and manual searches conducted by two reviewers. Data were extracted for 12 measures from 20 articles. Of the 12 measures, only three provided sufficient data to evaluate content validity and psychometric measurement properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire-Home (PSEQ-H) was the only measure that satisfied moderate content validity and moderate-to-high quality for measurement properties. These properties included: structural validity, hypothesis testing for construct validity, internal consistency, reliability, and measurement error. INTERPRETATION One measure, the PSEQ-H, met eight criteria for good measurement properties. To facilitate evidence-informed clinical decision-making, all psychometric properties of all 12 sensory-based, proxy-reported measures were presented. The importance of consumer engagement in measure development and the need for ongoing evaluation of measures against contemporaneous standards is recommended. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Three measures provided studies on content validity and psychometric measurement properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire-Home had moderate quality for content validity studies and high-to-moderate quality evidence for psychometric properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire was the only measure that included consumer involvement through qualitative interviews and pilot testing. Consumer involvement in measure development is important for content validity. Ongoing evaluation of measures against contemporaneous standards is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Soler
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Reinie Cordier
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community WellbeingNorthumbria UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Iain E. Perkes
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health and Discipline of Paediatrics & Children’s Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South Wales Medicine & Health, University of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNSWAustralia
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, and Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Paula Bray
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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25
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Elbeltagi R, Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Alhawamdeh R. Play therapy in children with autism: Its role, implications, and limitations. World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12:1-22. [PMID: 36685315 PMCID: PMC9850869 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Play is a pleasurable physical or mental activity that enhances the child's skills involving negotiation abilities, problem-solving, manual dexterity, sharing, decision-making, and working in a group. Play affects all the brain's areas, structures, and functions. Children with autism have adaptive behavior, adaptive response, and social interaction limitations. This review explores the different applications of play therapy in helping children with autism disorder. Play is usually significantly impaired in children with autism. Play therapy is mainly intended to help children to honor their unique mental abilities and developmental levels. The main aim of play therapy is to prevent or solve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimal child-healthy growth and development. Play therapy helps children with autism to engage in play activities of their interest and choice to express themselves in the most comfortable ways. It changes their way of self-expression from unwanted behaviors to more non-injurious expressive behavior using toys or activities of their choice as their words. Play therapy also helps those children to experience feeling out various interaction styles. Every child with autism is unique and responds differently. Therefore, different types of intervention, like play therapy, could fit the differences in children with autism. Proper evaluation of the child is mandatory to evaluate which type fits the child more than the others. This narrative review revised the different types of play therapy that could fit children with autism in an evidence-based way. Despite weak evidence, play therapy still has potential benefits for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Pathology Department, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Rawan Alhawamdeh
- Pediatrics Research and Development Department, Genomics Creativity and Play Center, Manama 0000, Bahrain
- School of Continuing Education, Masters in Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
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26
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Squillace M, Lopez A, Cohn K. Social Outcomes of a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder Following a Listening Protocol. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, SCHOOLS, & EARLY INTERVENTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2022.2156425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Squillace
- School of Health Professions, Occupational Therapy Department New York Institute of Technology Old Westbury, Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Alex Lopez
- School of Health Professions, Occupational Therapy Department New York Institute of Technology Old Westbury, Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Kerri Cohn
- Occupational Therapy department, Private clinician at Kerri Cohn, OT, New York, USA
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27
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Patten KK. Finding Our Strengths: Recognizing Professional Bias and Interrogating Systems. Am J Occup Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2022.076603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
No one builds their lives on remediated weaknesses. No one. Who does a deficits-based approach benefit? Those we serve, or the professional community? Do our current models of practice support flourishing? Our professional biases make it hard for us to see not only how our practice may be getting it wrong today but is also perpetuating systems that prevent us from getting it right tomorrow. A paradigm shift to a strengths-based model that interrogates the educational, research, and practice systems we work in is proposed. It is a shift that we must see, speak, and act on. Our vulnerability and willingness to rethink is our strength, which will meet the changing needs of society. This lecture will draw on literature from positive psychology, disability justice, well-being, and research that centers the voice of self-advocates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie K. Patten
- Kristie K. Patten, PhD, OT/L, FAOTA, is Vice Chair of Academic Affairs, NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, and Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York, NY;
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28
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Interventions for Sensory Over-Responsivity in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101584. [PMID: 36291519 PMCID: PMC9601143 DOI: 10.3390/children9101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit sensory over-responsivity (SOR), which is characterized by an overwhelmingly negative reaction to or avoidance of sensory stimulation. Despite the detrimental effects of SOR on people’s personal and social lives, the knowledge of and interventions for the issue remain limited. This paper collates and reviews studies on SOR and information on the potential for effective interventions for people with ASD. This review reveals evidence that SOR has a close relationship with anxiety, depression, insomnia, and family life impairment and an underlying mechanism related to SOR. Four interventions and their theoretical bases in sensory-motor processing are discussed in this paper, namely, physical activity (PA), sensory integration therapy (SIT), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). These interventions focus on establishing coping strategies for regulating the emotional response to sensory information, and they have been found to be effective and to have the potential to help children with ASD reduce their SOR behaviors. This paper provides guidance for selecting appropriate interventions and for further investigation of more effective interventions in the future.
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29
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Raditha C, Handryastuti S, Pusponegoro HD, Mangunatmadja I. Positive behavioral effect of sensory integration intervention in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1667-1671. [PMID: 36030319 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory integration occupational therapy (SI-OT) might be useful for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in younger age, according to Pusponegoro. Previous studies were still limited, especially in younger age. This study evaluated the effect of SI-OT in improving positive behaviors of ASD children aged 2-5 years. METHODS Non-randomized controlled trial of SI-OT evaluation, assessed with Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II. RESULTS A total of 72 subjects were studied. Following SI-OT, communication skills (expressive, receptive), socialization (coping skills), and daily living skills (personal, community) were improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS SI-OT with Ayres theory in 60 min, twice a week for 12 weeks improved positive behaviors. IMPACT To address the effectivity of sensory integration occupational therapy (SI-OT) in improving positive behaviors of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) children aged 2-5 years. The first study to evaluate evidence of SI-OT in ASD younger than 3 years. Non-randomized controlled trial of SI-OT evaluation of ASD in younger children aged 2-5 years with Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II. SI-OT of Ayres theory in 60 min, twice a week for 12 weeks improves communication domain (expressive, receptive, written) aged 2-4 years, and socialization domain (interpersonal relationship, play, and leisure time) aged 2 years of ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Raditha
- Division of Neurology, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Salemba Street No. 6, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia. .,Division of Neurology, Department of Child Health, Harapan Kita National Women and Children Health Center, Letjend. S Parman Street No. 87, 11420, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Setyo Handryastuti
- Division of Neurology, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Salemba Street No. 6, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hardiono D Pusponegoro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Salemba Street No. 6, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Mangunatmadja
- Division of Neurology, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Salemba Street No. 6, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
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30
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Chan PLC, Poon MYC, Bux V, Wong SKF, Chu AWY, Louie FTM, Wang AQL, Yang HLC, Yu ELM, Fong SSL. Occupational therapy using an Ayres Sensory integration® approach for school-age children – a randomized controlled trial. WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.2022.2097814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe L. C. Chan
- Occupational Therapy Department, Integrated Rehabilitation Centre, 2/F, Tower A, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Vivian Bux
- Occupational Therapy Department, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shiren K. F. Wong
- Occupational Therapy Department, Castle Peak Hospital, Tuen Mun, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Aileen W. Y. Chu
- Occupational Therapy Department, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Frances T. M. Louie
- Occupational Therapy Department, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Apple Q. L. Wang
- Occupational Therapy Department, Kowloon Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hellen L. C. Yang
- Occupational Therapy Department, Integrated Rehabilitation Centre, 2/F, Tower A, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ellen L. M. Yu
- Clinical Research Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sanne S. L. Fong
- Occupational Therapy Department, Integrated Rehabilitation Centre, 2/F, Tower A, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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31
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Dellapiazza F, Michelon C, Picot MC, Baghdadli A. A longitudinal exploratory study of changes in sensory processing in children with ASD from the ELENA cohort. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-10. [PMID: 33660026 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atypical sensory processing (SP) is a diagnostic criterion of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known about its course during development. In this exploratory longitudinal study, we aimed to investigate the course of SP among children with ASD and identify clinical variables associated with changes. We used a subsample of 51 children with confirmed ASD, aged from 3 to 10 years, recruited from the ELENA cohort. SP was assessed using the Sensory Profile questionnaire at baseline and three years later. Our preliminary results highlight the heterogeneity of the evolution of SP during the children's development and the existence of three subgroups based on the course of SP (improvement, stable, and worsening). In addition, the children's adaptive skills and maladaptive behaviors were related to the course of SP. These results could be confirmed in future studies with a larger sample size using a longitudinal approach to capture individual variability in SP. In addition, our results highlight the importance of accounting for temporal changes in the sensory needs of individuals with ASD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine Dellapiazza
- Centre de Ressources Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles Neurodéveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, 39 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Cécile Michelon
- Centre de Ressources Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles Neurodéveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, 39 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Centre de Ressources Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles Neurodéveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, 39 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Department of Medical Information, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Amaria Baghdadli
- Centre de Ressources Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles Neurodéveloppementaux, CHU Montpellier, 39 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
- UVSQ, INSERM, CESP, Team DevPsy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94807, Villejuif, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Omairi C, Mailloux Z, Antoniuk SA, Schaaf R. Occupational Therapy Using Ayres Sensory Integration®: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Brazil. Am J Occup Ther 2022; 76:23325. [PMID: 35849051 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2022.048249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Research conducted in the United States has found that occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration® is an effective evidence-based intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Replication of this research in other cultures is needed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcomes of occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration in a sample of Brazilian children with ASD. DESIGN Prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING Occupational therapy clinic. PARTICIPANTS Seventeen children with ASD ages 5-8 yr (n = 9 in the intervention group, n = 8 in the usual-care control group) recruited from a local hospital via flyers and word-of-mouth. Completed pretreatment characterization and baseline measurement. INTERVENTIONS The intervention group received occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration, and the control group received usual therapeutic and educational services only. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We conducted a pre-post assessment of self-care and socialization using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and individualized goal ratings. RESULTS Participants in the intervention group scored significantly higher on outcome measures of self-care (p = .046, rb = .57), social function (p = .036, rb = .61), and parent-identified goal attainment (p < .001, rb = .94) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration was effective in enhancing self-care, socialization, and goal attainment for children with ASD in a Brazilian cohort. What This Article Adds: This study contributes further support from outside the United States that occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration is an effective evidence-based intervention to improve self-care, socialization, and parent-identified goal attainment in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Omairi
- Claudia Omairi, PhD, OT Reg in Brazil, is Adjunct Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Zoe Mailloux
- Zoe Mailloux, OTD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sérgio Antonio Antoniuk
- Sérgio Antonio Antoniuk, PhD, is Associate Professor, Pediatrics Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roseann Schaaf
- Roseann Schaaf, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA;
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Schoen SA, Schaaf RC, Mailloux Z, Bundy A, Lane S, May-Benson TA, Parham LD, Roley SS. Response: Commentary: Evaluating Sensory Integration/Sensory Processing Treatment: Issues and Analysis. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:874320. [PMID: 35747497 PMCID: PMC9211064 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.874320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Schoen
- STAR Institute for Sensory Processing, Centennial, CO, United States
- Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Roseann C. Schaaf
- Jefferson Autism Center of Excellence, Thomas Jefferson University School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Occupational Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zoe Mailloux
- Jefferson Autism Center of Excellence, Thomas Jefferson University School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Occupational Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anita Bundy
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University College of Health and Human Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Shelly Lane
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University College of Health and Human Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Teresa A. May-Benson
- TMB Education, LLC, Norristown, PA, United States
- Institute of Occupational Therapy Education, Widener University, Chester, PA, United States
| | | | - Susanne Smith Roley
- Collaborative for Leadership in Ayres Sensory Integration, Aliso Viejo, CA, United States
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Randell E, Wright M, Milosevic S, Gillespie D, Brookes-Howell L, Busse-Morris M, Hastings R, Maboshe W, Williams-Thomas R, Mills L, Romeo R, Yaziji N, McKigney AM, Ahuja A, Warren G, Glarou E, Delport S, McNamara R. Sensory integration therapy for children with autism and sensory processing difficulties: the SenITA RCT. Health Technol Assess 2022; 26:1-140. [PMID: 35766242 DOI: 10.3310/tqge0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carers report unmet need for occupational therapy services addressing sensory difficulties in autism, yet insufficient evidence exists to recommend a therapeutic approach. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of sensory integration therapy for children with autism and sensory difficulties across behavioural, functional and quality-of-life outcomes. DESIGN We carried out a parallel-group randomised controlled trial, incorporating an internal pilot and a process evaluation. Randomisation utilised random permuted blocks. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Children were recruited via services and self-referral in Wales and England. Inclusion criteria were having an autism diagnosis, being in mainstream primary education and having definite/probable sensory processing difficulties. Exclusion criteria were having current/previous sensory integration therapy and current applied behaviour analysis therapy. INTERVENTION The intervention was manualised sensory integration therapy delivered over 26 weeks and the comparator was usual care. OUTCOMES The primary outcome was problem behaviours (determined using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist), including irritability/agitation, at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were adaptive behaviour, functioning and socialisation (using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales); carer stress (measured using the Autism Parenting Stress Index); quality of life (measured using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions and Carer Quality of Life); functional change (according to the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure); sensory processing (determined using the Sensory Processing Measure™ at screening and at 6 months to examine mediation effects); and cost-effectiveness (assessed using the Client Service Receipt Inventory). Every effort was made to ensure that outcome assessors were blind to allocation. RESULTS A total of 138 participants were randomised (n = 69 per group). Usual care was significantly different from the intervention, which was delivered with good fidelity and adherence and minimal contamination, and was associated with no adverse effects. Trial procedures and outcome measures were acceptable. Carers and therapists reported improvement in daily functioning. The primary analysis included 106 participants. There were no significant main effects of the intervention at 6 or 12 months. The adjusted mean difference between groups on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist - irritability at 6 months post randomisation was 0.40 (95% confidence interval -2.33 to 3.14; p = 0.77). Subgroup differences in irritability/agitation at 6 months were observed for sex of child (intervention × female = 6.42, 95% confidence interval 0.00 to 12.85; p = 0.050) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (intervention × attention deficit hyperactivity disorder = -6.77, 95% confidence interval -13.55 to -0.01; p = 0.050). There was an effect on carer stress at 6 months by region (intervention × South England = 7.01, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 13.56; p = 0.04) and other neurodevelopmental/genetic conditions (intervention × neurodevelopmental/genetic condition = -9.53, 95% confidence interval -18.08 to -0.98; p = 0.030). Carer-rated goal performance and satisfaction increased across sessions (p < 0.001), with a mean change of 2.75 (95% confidence interval 2.14 to 3.37) for performance and a mean change of 3.34 (95% confidence interval 2.63 to 4.40) for satisfaction. Health economic evaluation suggests that sensory integration therapy is not cost-effective compared with usual care alone. LIMITATIONS Limitations included variability of the intervention setting (i.e. NHS vs. private), delay for some receiving therapy, an error in administration of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and no measurement of comparator arm goal performance. CONCLUSIONS The intervention did not demonstrate clinical benefit above standard care. Subgroup effects are hypothesis-generating only. The intervention is likely to be effective for individualised performance goals, although it is unclear whether effects were in addition to standard care or were maintained. FUTURE WORK Further investigation of subgroup effects is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered as ISRCTN14716440. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 29. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Wright
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal, and Research (CEDAR) University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | - Laura Mills
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Renee Romeo
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nahel Yaziji
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alka Ahuja
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | | | - Eleni Glarou
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sue Delport
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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35
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Abdel Hameed M, Hassaballah M, Hosney ME, Alqahtani A. An AI-Enabled Internet of Things Based Autism Care System for Improving Cognitive Ability of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2247675. [PMID: 35655510 PMCID: PMC9152382 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2247675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Smart monitoring and assisted living systems for cognitive health assessment play a central role in assessment of individuals' health conditions. Autistic children suffer from some difficulties including social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication, and accommodating to the environment around them. Thus, dealing with autistic children is a serious public health problem as it is hard to determine what they feel with a lack of emotional cognitive ability. Currently, no medical treatments have been shown to cure autistic children, with most of the social assistive research to date focusing on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) without suggesting a real treatment. In this paper, we focus on improving cognitive ability and daily living skills and maximizing the ability of the autistic child to function and participate positively in the community. Through utilizing intelligent systems based Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, we facilitate the process of adaptation to the world around the autistic children. To this end, we propose an AI-enabled IoT system embodied in a sensor for measuring the heart rate to predict the state of the child and then sending the state to the guardian with feeling and expected behavior of the child via a mobile application. Further, the system can provide a new virtual environment to help the child to be capable of improving eye contact with other people. This way is represented in pictures of these persons in 3D models that break this child's fear barrier. The system follows strategies that have focused on social communication skill development particularly at young ages to be more interactive with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdel Hameed
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, Luxor University, Luxor, Egypt
| | - M. Hassaballah
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Department of Computer Science, College of Information Technology, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mosa E. Hosney
- Department of Information System, Faculty of Computers and Information, Luxor University, Luxor, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alqahtani
- College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkhrj, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Agostine S, Erickson K, D'Ardenne C. Sensory Experiences and Children With Severe Disabilities: Impacts on Learning. Front Psychol 2022; 13:875085. [PMID: 35572267 PMCID: PMC9099238 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.875085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human sensory system is continuously engaged in experiencing and interpreting every interaction with other living beings, objects, and the environment. The purpose of this article is to describe the impact limited opportunities for rich sensory experiences have on students with severe disabilities in two middle school classrooms situated in a public separate school in the southeastern USA. The study employed a postcritical ethnographic approach and grounded theory thematic analysis of fieldnotes gathered over a two-year period. Three major themes supported by the data are presented and discussed in depth. They are: (a) students are afforded limited sensory rich experiences, (b) everyday routines make students passive recipients to school, and (c) instructional approaches result in little interaction with extended periods of waiting. The implications of the findings for improved sensory experiences and possible future directions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Agostine
- Center for Literacy and Disability Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Karen Erickson
- Center for Literacy and Disability Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charna D'Ardenne
- Center for Literacy and Disability Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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37
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Griffin ZAM, Boulton KA, Thapa R, DeMayo MM, Ambarchi Z, Thomas E, Pokorski I, Hickie IB, Guastella AJ. Atypical sensory processing features in children with autism, and their relationships with maladaptive behaviors and caregiver strain. Autism Res 2022; 15:1120-1129. [PMID: 35297186 PMCID: PMC9544661 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Atypical sensory processing occurs in up to 97% of children on the autism spectrum. Children who are on the autism spectrum also commonly demonstrate challenging behaviors, and their caregivers report increased levels of strain in daily life. The aim of this study was to explore four sensory processing features; seeking, avoiding, sensitivity, and registration, and their relationships with maladaptive behaviors in children with autism, as well as with caregiver strain. Participants comprised 75 children with autism aged 7–12 years (M = 7.81). Caregivers completed three questionnaire measures examining child sensory processing, maladaptive behaviors, and perceptions of caregiver strain. We found avoiding significantly associated with irritability. Avoiding also displayed the strongest relationship with global caregiver strain. Avoiding and seeking were strongly related to hyperactivity/noncompliance (components of maladaptive behavior). A multiple regression was performed to explore how atypical sensory processing features and maladaptive behaviors together predicted caregiver strain. Together, maladaptive behaviors and sensory features accounted for 58% of the variance in total caregiver strain. The only significant individual predictor of total caregiver strain was sensory avoiding, which uniquely accounted for 5.76% of the variation. The findings suggest that atypical sensory processing is associated with overall caregiver strain, above that explained by maladaptive behaviors. Implications for targeted support for the benefit of the child, parents and family unit are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe A M Griffin
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kelsie A Boulton
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Rinku Thapa
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Marilena M DeMayo
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Zahava Ambarchi
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Emma Thomas
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Izabella Pokorski
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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38
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Wiggins LD, Tian LH, Rubenstein E, Schieve L, Daniels J, Pazol K, DiGuiseppi C, Barger B, Moody E, Rosenberg S, Bradley C, Hsu M, Rosenberg CR, Christensen D, Crume T, Pandey J, Levy SE. Features that best define the heterogeneity and homogeneity of autism in preschool-age children: A multisite case-control analysis replicated across two independent samples. Autism Res 2022; 15:539-550. [PMID: 34967132 PMCID: PMC9048225 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of children with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) makes it difficult to identify risk factors and effective treatment options. We sought to identify behavioral and developmental features that best define the heterogeneity and homogeneity in 2-5-year-old children classified with ASD and subthreshold ASD characteristics. Children were enrolled in a multisite case-control study of ASD. Detailed behavioral and developmental data were gathered by maternal telephone interview, parent-administered questionnaires, child cognitive evaluation, and ASD diagnostic measures. Participants with a positive ASD screen score or prior ASD diagnosis were referred for comprehensive evaluation. Children in the ASD group met study criteria based on this evaluation; children who did not meet study criteria were categorized as having subthreshold ASD characteristics. There were 1480 children classified as ASD (81.6% boys) and 594 children classified as having subthreshold ASD characteristics (70.2% boys) in the sample. Factors associated with dysregulation (e.g., aggression, anxiety/depression, sleep problems) followed by developmental abilities (e.g., expressive and receptive language skills) most contributed to heterogeneity in both groups of children. Atypical sensory response contributed to homogeneity in children classified as ASD but not those with subthreshold characteristics. These findings suggest that dysregulation and developmental abilities are clinical features that can impact functioning in children with ASD and other DD, and that documenting these features in pediatric records may help meet the needs of the individual child. Sensory dysfunction could be considered a core feature of ASD and thus used to inform more targeted screening, evaluation, treatment, and research efforts. LAY SUMMARY: The diverse nature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) makes it difficult to find risk factors and treatment options. We identified the most dissimilar and most similar symptom(s) in children classified as ASD and as having subthreshold ASD characteristics. Factors associated with dysregulation and developmental abilities contributed to diversity in both groups of children. Sensory dysfunction was the most common symptom in children with ASD but not those with subthreshold characteristics. Findings can inform clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D. Wiggins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lin H. Tian
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric Rubenstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Schieve
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julie Daniels
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen Pazol
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Brian Barger
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric Moody
- Institute for Disabilities, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Steven Rosenberg
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Chyrise Bradley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melanie Hsu
- The Autism Research Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | | | - Deborah Christensen
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tessa Crume
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Juhi Pandey
- Center for Autism Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan E. Levy
- Center for Autism Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rhodus EK, Barber J, Abner EL, Bardach SH, Gibson A, Jicha GA. Comparison of behaviors characteristic of autism spectrum disorder behaviors and behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:586-594. [PMID: 33222510 PMCID: PMC8212388 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1849025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similarities exist in behavioral expression of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The purpose of this study was to assess presence of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and ASD-like behaviors in adults with ADRD. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, data from University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center participant cohort were used. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess (1) the relationship between ASD-like behaviors (measured by the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition, GARS-2) and BPSD measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and (2) the relationship between ASD-like behaviors and dementia severity (measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] sum of boxes), when controlling for BPSD. RESULTS Complete data were available for 142 participants. Using α of 0.05, analyses identified ASD behaviors were significantly associated with BPSD severity ratings (r = 0.47; p < 0.001) and dementia severity (r = 0.46; p < 0.001). GARS-2 explained 6.1% (p < 0.001) of variance in CDR sum of boxes when controlling for NPI and other covariates. DISCUSSION There is significant overlap in behaviors characteristic of ASD and BPSD as assessed by the NPI and GARS-2, despite the use of these instruments in disparate developmental vs. aging settings. ASD behaviors appear to not be solely present in early childhood as a manifestation of ASD but are also present in older adults with neurodegenerative cognitive impairment. Such associations warrant additional research into causation, assessment, and behavioral interventions to further enable new therapeutic approaches targeting ASD behaviors across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Barber
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Erin L. Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Shoshana H. Bardach
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Graduate Center for Gerontology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Allison Gibson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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40
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Duncan A, Meinzen-Derr J, Ruble LA, Fassler C, Stark LJ. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Daily Living Skills Intervention for Adolescents with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:938-949. [PMID: 33835354 PMCID: PMC8501156 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without an intellectual disability have daily living skills (DLS) impairments. An initial feasibility pilot of Surviving and Thriving in the Real World (STRW), a group intervention that targets DLS, demonstrated significant improvements. A pilot RCT of STRW was conducted to extend these findings. Twelve adolescents with ASD were randomized to the treatment or waitlist groups. The treatment group had significant DLS improvements on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd Edition and the DLS goal attainment scale. Four adolescents from the waitlist crossed over and completed STRW. Entire sample analyses with 10 participants demonstrated large DLS gains. Results provide further evidence of the efficacy of STRW for closing the gap between DLS and chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie Duncan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, MLC 3015, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Jareen Meinzen-Derr
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 5041, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lisa A Ruble
- Teachers College, Ball State University, TC745, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - Carrie Fassler
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, MLC 3015, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lori J Stark
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, MLC 3015, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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41
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Eun Lee C, Shogren KA, Segal J, Pezzimenti F, Aleman-Tovar J, Taylor JL. Goal attainment scaling-community-based: A method to incorporate personalized outcomes into intervention research with youth and adults on the autism spectrum. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 26:178-187. [PMID: 34128405 PMCID: PMC8671567 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211024492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Among people with autism-all who have the same diagnosis-there are major differences on a nearly limitless number of areas, such as language, daily living skills, intellectual ability, sensory difficulties, and physical and mental health diagnoses. Despite these many differences, the targeted outcomes of intervention studies are often measured the same way across autistic adults, including outcomes such as getting a job, achieving greater independence, or getting more services. People have different goals and abilities, and it is important to have a way for intervention studies to measure outcomes in a way that is more personal to each individual. To address this issue, we developed a new approach-called "Goal Attainment Scaling-Community-based" or GAS-CB-to measure individualized outcomes across different research settings. In this article, we describe the need for individualized outcomes in autism intervention research and current approaches to gathering these outcomes, with our discussion focused on a method called goal attainment scaling. We then describe reasons why current goal attainment scaling approaches might not be useful in intervention research that takes place in the community. Finally, we discuss a new goal attainment scaling approach (GAS-CB) that can be flexibly used for research participants with very different characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Eun Lee
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Karrie A. Shogren
- Kansas University Center on Developmental Disabilities, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
| | - Jordan Segal
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | | | | | - Julie Lounds Taylor
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, USA
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Djordjević M, Memisevic H, Potic S, Djuric U. Exercise-Based Interventions Aimed at Improving Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 129:90-119. [PMID: 34936828 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211060231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have deficits in motor skills, especially balance. This article presents a meta-analytic review of 15 intervention studies that aimed to improve balance in children and adolescents with ASD. Across these studies, there were 195 participants with ASD for whom pre-intervention and post-intervention balance scores were available. We measured the standardized mean difference (Hedges' g) between their pre-intervention and post-intervention balance scores and found a large, positive effect from these balance interventions (standardized mean difference-1.82 (95% CI [1.34, 2.29])). Various balance intervention procedures were shown to be very efficacious for children and adolescents with ASD. Clearly, balance is a motor skill that is very susceptible to intervention efforts. We also provided recommendations to researchers regarding what information to include when conducting intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Djordjević
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, 54801University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Haris Memisevic
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, 112354University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Srecko Potic
- High Medical College for Professional Studies "Milutin Milanković", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uros Djuric
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, 54801University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
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Exploration of Relationships among Clinical Gastrointestinal Indicators and Social and Sensory Symptom Severity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:594-604. [PMID: 34842807 PMCID: PMC8628911 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are associated with co-morbidities such as gastrointestinal (GI) symptomatology, which in the absence of known causes are potential indicators of gut microbiota that may influence behavior. This study's purpose was to explore relationships among clinical GI indicators-diet, abdominal pain, and stool status-and ASD symptom severity, specifically social and sensory symptoms. Participants were 33 children with ASD, 3 to 16 years. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and the Child Sensory Profile Scale (CSP-2) were used to appraise social and sensory symptomatology. Significant difference was found in overall SRS-2, t(31) = -3.220, p = 0.003 when compared by abdominal pain status using independent samples t-tests. Significant difference was observed for overall CSP-2, t(31) = -2.441, p = 0.021, when grouped by stool. The three clinical GI variables predicted overall SRS-2 score using multiple linear regression, F(3, 32) = 3.257, p = 0.036; coefficient for abdominal pain significantly contributed to the outcome. Findings contribute to the growing literature signaling the need to understand occurrence of GI symptomatology more deeply, and in consideration of diet status and its implications in the children's everyday lives, behaviors, and symptom severity.
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Andelin L, Reynolds S, Schoen S. Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Using a Sensory Integration Approach: A Multiple-Baseline Design Study. Am J Occup Ther 2021; 75:23078. [PMID: 34817594 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2021.044917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Occupational therapy using an Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) approach is a common intervention that has not been extensively studied in children with idiopathic sensory processing and integration challenges (e.g., without a diagnosis of autism). OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of ASI using measures related to motor coordination and functional performance in children with a sensory-based motor disorder (SBMD). DESIGN Nonconcurrent, multiple baseline, single subject. SETTING Outpatient clinic that was part of a children's hospital in an urban setting. PARTICIPANTS Three boys (ages 5-8 yr) with an SBMD. INTERVENTION Each participant received ASI 3 times per week for 10 wk. Outcomes and Measures: Three motor probes were measured weekly. Pre- and posttest assessments included goal attainment scaling (GAS) and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2). RESULTS All 3 participants showed improvements in motor probes during the intervention period on the basis of a 2 SD band method of analysis. Statistically significant improvements were noted across GAS goals, and positive changes were found on the BOT-2, with large effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Findings suggest improved motor performance and high goal achievement using ASI for children with idiopathic sensory processing and integration challenges. What This Article Adds: This study adds to a body of literature suggesting that ASI is effective in increasing functional performance in children with sensory processing and integration challenges. Future studies using multiple baseline designs are feasible in the clinic setting and can help build the evidence base for ASI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Andelin
- Lauren Andelin, OTD, OTR/L, BCP, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond;
| | - Stacey Reynolds
- Stacey Reynolds, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Sarah Schoen
- Sarah Schoen, PhD, OTR/L, is Director of Research, Star Institute, Centennial, CO
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45
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Leader G, Flynn C, O'Rourke N, Coyne R, Caher A, Mannion A. Comorbid Psychopathology, Challenging Behavior, Sensory Issues, Adaptive Behavior and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Dev Neurorehabil 2021; 24:397-407. [PMID: 33706637 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2021.1898058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Comorbid psychopathology refers to having a diagnosis of two or more co-occurring psychological disorders. The current study investigated the differences between children and adolescents with no-mild, moderate and severe comorbid psychopathology in children and adolescents with ASD.Method: Parents of 133 children completed the Autism Spectrum Disorder-Comorbid for Children, Behavior Problems Inventory-Short Form, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Social Communication Questionnaire, Short Sensory Profile, and Behavioral/Educational Interventions and Complementary/Alternative Medicine (CAM) Interventions of the Autism Treatment Network Registry Parent Baseline Assessment.Results: A significant difference was found between severity of comorbid psychopathology and all types of challenging behavior and all sensory issues except movement. A small effect size was also found between comorbid psychopathology and quality of life.Conclusion: The findings from this study show significant difficulties associated with those with comorbid psychopathology in ASD in challenging behavior, sensory issues and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Leader
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Christopher Flynn
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nathan O'Rourke
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rory Coyne
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Caher
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Arlene Mannion
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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46
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Ruble L, McGrew J, Dale B, Yee M. Goal Attainment Scaling: An Idiographic Measure Sensitive to Parent and Teacher Report of IEP Goal Outcome Assessment for Students with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:3344-3352. [PMID: 34319498 PMCID: PMC8795202 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Young students with ASD have instructional needs in social, communication, and learning skills that should be reflected in their Individualized Education Program (IEP). Research suggests that many of these goal areas present a challenge for special educators because of problems with measurability. The current study utilized an idiographic approach called Goal attainment scaling (GAS) for measuring IEP progress of individualized skills. Cross-sectional analysis of the associations between GAS ratings from an independent observer were correlated against teacher and parent ratings of IEP progress at the end of the school year and with standardized measures of the Behavior Assessment System for Children and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). GAS scores were associated with parent and teacher ratings, including the VABS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ruble
- Department of Special Education, Teachers College, Ball State University, TC745, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA.
| | - John McGrew
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Brittany Dale
- Department of Special Education, Teachers College, Ball State University, TC745, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - Madison Yee
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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Sensory Processing in Williams Syndrome: Individual differences and changes over time. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:3129-3141. [PMID: 34287736 PMCID: PMC8294303 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined individual differences as well as the development of sensory processing difficulties in children with Williams syndrome (WS) using a cross-sectional (Experiment 1) and longitudinal design (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, a clustering approach of sensory processing scores suggested two groups. Experiment 2 showed that the clusters identified in Experiment 1 were not stable across development, especially for those with high sensory impairments at either time point. Yet, most children experienced high impairments in sensory registration at both time points, suggesting impaired registration is a core phenotype of sensory processing in children with WS across development. Possible mechanisms, limitations and implications are discussed.
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Wan Yunus F, Bissett M, Penkala S, Kadar M, Liu KPY. Self-regulated learning versus activity-based intervention to reduce challenging behaviors and enhance school-related function for children with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized controlled trial. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 114:103986. [PMID: 33965876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-regulated learning is an active learning cognitive approach which helps individuals to be aware of their own ability and environment and control their own learning. AIM This study examined the therapeutic effects of self-regulated learning on reducing challenging behaviors and enhancing school-related function in children with autism spectrum disorders. METHODS Forty children (aged 6-12) were randomized into a 12-week Self-Regulated Learning or Activity-Based intervention control group. Three outcome measures, assessing the behavior and school-related function of the children in both groups, were administered before and after the intervention and at one-month follow-up. The results between the two groups were also compared. RESULTS The Self-Regulated Learning group showed significantly better results in reducing concerning behaviors and enhancing the school-related function than the activity-based group post-intervention and at one-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The Self-Regulated Learning intervention was more effective compared to the Activity-Based intervention with particular benefits for on-going learning and improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahiyah Wan Yunus
- Western Sydney University, School of Health Sciences, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Michelle Bissett
- Griffith University, School of Allied Health Sciences, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Stefania Penkala
- Western Sydney University, School of Health Sciences, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Masne Kadar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Centre for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies, Occupational Therapy Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Karen P Y Liu
- Western Sydney University, School of Health Sciences, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; Western Sydney University, Translational Health Research Institute, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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49
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Miller LJ, Marco EJ, Chu RC, Camarata S. Editorial: Sensory Processing Across the Lifespan: A 25-Year Initiative to Understand Neurophysiology, Behaviors, and Treatment Effectiveness for Sensory Processing. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:652218. [PMID: 33897385 PMCID: PMC8063042 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.652218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Jane Miller
- Department of Pediatrics (Emeritus), University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States.,Sensory Therapies and Research Institute for Sensory Processing Disorder, Centennial, CO, United States
| | - Elysa J Marco
- Cortica (United States), San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Robyn C Chu
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Growing Healthy Children Therapy Services, Rescue, CA, United States
| | - Stephen Camarata
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Chiropractic management of toe-walking in an eight-year-old male diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder utilizing a functional approach: A case study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 26:538-541. [PMID: 33992294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to discuss the treatment of idiopathic toe-walking utilizing cognitive-motor dual-tasking and primitive reflex integration exercises. METHODS An eight-year-old child with the previous diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and idiopathic toe-walking presents for chiropractic care. The patient had previously received eight months of physical therapy in which his results plateaued after three months of care. RESULTS On the initial visit, the child was evaluated for primitive reflexes. The patient retained the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex and palmer grasp. He was prescribed exercises to integrate these reflexes. In the second visit and onwards, the patient was tasked with walking while performing a cognitive or motor task. The patient's performance of primitive reflex attenuation exercises significantly improved in form and timing, and the patient achieved proper gait mechanics with most interventions used. CONCLUSION Due to the limited number of visits, the patient was prescribed a cognitive task to help facilitate the retention of proper gait mechanics; however, these findings suggest that chiropractic management may prove useful in children who toe walk and that further investigation into treatment utilizing primitive reflex integration exercises for children with psychomotor delays is warranted. We suggest that the integration of primitive reflex testing for the chiropractor can yield many answers and serve as a valuable rehabilitation approach.
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