A healthy diet may help to reduce cancer-related fatigue, but evidence is limited and mechanisms remain unclear. Both diet and fatigue following colorectal cancer (CRC) have been linked to metabolites (kynurenines) of the kynurenine pathway (KP). We investigated longitudinal associations between dietary intake and fatigue, and the potential mediating role of the KP, in CRC survivors up to 1 year post-treatment.

Measurements at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year post-treatment were performed in 209 stage I-III CRC survivors. Diet was assessed by 7-day food records. Plasma kynurenines were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Fatigue, including subjective fatigue, was assessed using validated questionnaires. To analyse longitudinal associations between diet and fatigue and to explore potential mediation by the KP, we used confounder-adjusted multilevel parallel-multiple mediator models with all kynurenines included simultaneously, and simple mediator models with established KP ratios to estimate total (c: diet-fatigue), direct (c': diet-fatigue, while controlling for mediators), metabolite-specific indirect (ab: diet-metabolite-fatigue), and total indirect (ab: diet-metabolites-fatigue) effects.

Higher intake of total carbohydrates and mono- and disaccharides was longitudinally associated with more subjective fatigue, while higher intake of plant protein, total fat, and unsaturated fats was associated with less subjective fatigue (c). Most associations remained statistically significant after controlling for KP metabolites, except for mono- and disaccharides (c'). All kynurenines simultaneously did not mediate longitudinal associations between diet and subjective fatigue (ab). The kynurenic acid-to-quinolinic acid (KA/QA) ratio significantly mediated associations of intakes of carbohydrate, mono- and disaccharides, alcohol, magnesium, and zinc with subjective fatigue, whereas the HKr significantly mediated the association between polysaccharide intake and subjective fatigue (ab).

Our findings suggest that carbohydrate intake is associated with greater fatigue, while protein and fat intake are associated with lower fatigue in CRC survivors up to 1 year post-treatment. While all KP metabolites simultaneously did not significantly mediate associations between diet and fatigue in our population, the KA/QA ratio and HKr were significant mediators in several diet-fatigue associations. These results should be repeated in larger observational studies.

In response to growing consumer demand for sustainable and plant-based food options, sunflower meal, a byproduct of oil extraction, emerges as a promising protein source. This study explores the potential of sunflower semi-defatted meal to create meat alternative mixes (MAMs) with a balanced nutritional profile and desirable sensory attributes. Two MAM formulations were developed: one incorporating toasted sunflower kernels (MAMk) and the other utilizing texturized protein sunflower (MAMt). Both formulations were enriched with tomato powder, spices, and a lipid matrix comprising sunflower, olive, and linseed oils. The doughs were shaped into mini-burger format and baked. Sensory evaluation revealed a preference for the MAMt formulation, which exhibited superior texture. Physical-chemical analysis confirmed MAMt's nutritional value, highlighting its high lipid (38.15 %) particularly monounsaturated fatty acids (41.98 % of the total lipid composition) and protein (20.10 %) content all essential amino acids (lysine limiting amino acid with 0.8 score). Moreover, MAMt demonstrated significant mineral content, especially iron, zinc, magnesium, and manganese (49 %, 68 %, 95 % and 89 %, respectivally, regarding recommended daily intake). While further refinement is necessary to optimize flavor, the study underscores the potential of sunflower meal to contribute to a more sustainable food system and provide consumers with a nutritious and appealing plant-based protein alternative.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn). Recent research emphasizes the significant role of the gut microbiota, the diverse community of microbes living in the intestines, in modulating α-Syn pathology. This review explores the bi-directional communication along the microbiota-gut-brain axis, highlighting the paradoxical impact of two gut microbiota metabolites-functional bacterial amyloids (FuBA) and vitamins-on neurodegenerative diseases, particularly PD. FuBA contributes to PD pathogenesis by promoting α-Syn aggregation, while vitamins offer neuroprotection through their anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Understanding these processes could lead to precision clinical approaches and novel strategies for managing and preventing PD.

Background/Objectives: Sleep is a fundamental physiological function that plays a crucial role in maintaining health and well-being. The aim of this study was to assess dietary and lifestyle factors associated with adequate sleep duration in children and adolescents living in five Mediterranean countries. Methods: Parents of children and adolescents taking part in an initial survey for the DELICIOUS project were examined to assess their children's dietary and eating habits (i.e., meal routines), as well as other lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity levels, screen time, etc.) potentially associated with adequate sleep duration (defined as 8-10 h according to the National Sleep Foundation). The youth healthy eating index (Y-HEI) was used to assess the diet quality of children and adolescents. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), indicating the level of association between variables. Results: A total of 2011 individuals participated in the survey. The adolescents and children of younger parents reported being more likely to have inadequate sleep duration. Among eating behaviors, having breakfast (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.08) and eating at school (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.74) were associated with adequate sleep duration. In contrast, children eating alone, screen time, and eating outside of the home were less likely to have adequate sleep duration, although these findings were only significant in the unadjusted model. After adjusting for covariates, a better diet quality (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.16), including higher intake of fruits, meat, fish, and whole grains, was associated with adequate sleep duration. Conclusions: Adequate sleep duration seems to be highly influenced by factors related to individual lifestyles, family and school eating behaviors, as well as diet quality.

This study aims to investigate the association between the MIND index (Mediterranean- Dietary approaches to Stop Hypertension diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Iranian children. It builds upon existing research that highlights the role of dietary antioxidants in alleviating psychological disorders, cognitive impairments, and memory deficits. Additionally, previous studies have separately explored the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean and DASH diets on these issues. A case-control study was undertaken in Iran, involving a sample of 360 children and adolescents aged 7-13 years. Participants were divided into two groups, namely the case group (n = 120) and the control group (n = 240), with age and sex being matched between the groups. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) was employed for the diagnosis of ADHD. The MIND diet score was computed using the food intake data acquired from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) completed by the subjects. The mean ± SD for the age and BMI of the study population was 8.76 ± 1.64 years and 16.90 ± 3.58 kg/m2, respectively. The mean score of MIND in this study was 27.93. After adjustment for potential confounder in the final model, subjects in highest compared to the lowest quartile of MIND diet score had significantly lower odds of ADHD (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.83; P-trend = 0.019). This study provides valuable evidence suggesting that adherence to the MIND diet is associated with decreased odds of ADHD.

Nutritional psychology is a burgeoning field that examines the intricate relationship between nutrition and mental health. This concept, its historical development, and its current significance in understanding the complex interplay between diet and psychological well-being are explored in this article. The influence of various nutrients on mental health, the role of dietary patterns, and the impact of nutrition on specific mental disorders are examined. Highlighted are the potential mechanisms underlying the nutrition-mental health connection, and the implications for clinical practice and public health interventions are discussed. The discussion in this article underscores the importance of considering nutrition as essential in mental health promotion and treatment.

Cardamine violifolia, cabbage, and soybeans have a strong ability to accumulate selenium (Se), primarily in the forms of SeCys2, Se (VI), and SeMet, respectively. This study aims to investigate the digestive characteristics of Se-enriched proteins with different Se species, and its effects on gut microbiota during in vitro APP/PS1 mice colonic fermentation. The results showed that SeCys2 had the highest bioaccessibility (90.65 %) in Se-enriched C. violifolia protein (H-CVP), followed by SeMet at 84.53 %. In Se-enriched soybean protein (H-SBP), SeMet displayed the highest bioaccessibility at 82.98 %. Conversely, the bioaccessibility of Se (VI) in Se-enriched cabbage protein (H-CBP) was below 20 %, likely due to its conversion to Se (IV). Previous research indicated that, although the bioaccessibility of these Se species was relatively high, their bioavailability remained low. Unabsorbed Se may undergo fermentation in the colon. Consequently, we performed in vitro fermentation using feces from APP/PS1 mice to assess its effects on the gut microbiota of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. The results showed that H-CVP had a prebiotic effect on Bacteroidetes strain, while H-SBP significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillaceae in family level. H-CBP had weaker effects on gut microbiota health with the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae. Functional gene prediction of 16S rDNA sequencing data inferred that H-CVP may regulate intestinal health through the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, while H-SBP could enhance carbohydrate metabolism. Overall, these findings emphasized the role of H-CVP and H-SBP in maintaining gut health in APP/PS1 mice, and demonstrated their potential to alleviate cognitive impairment.

Background/Objectives: Modern societal stressors have been linked to declining testosterone levels among young men, contributing to somatic, psychological, and sexual health problems. Despite growing evidence suggesting a link between trace elements and testosterone-related symptoms, there are only a few comprehensive analyses on younger populations. This study's aim was to examine how serum trace elements modulate the relationship between testosterone levels and symptom severity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 225 young men seeking infertility consultation in Japan. Serum total and free testosterone levels were measured, along with self-reported symptoms using the Aging Males' Symptoms scale (somatic, psychological, sexual) and the Erection Hardness Score. The serum concentrations of 20 trace elements were measured. We used unsupervised clustering to classify participants based on testosterone levels and symptom severity and then compared the distribution of trace elements among the resulting clusters. Results: Three distinct clusters emerged: (1) lowest testosterone with highest symptom severity, (2) intermediate, and (3) highest testosterone with minimal symptoms. Interestingly, the intermediate cluster displayed low testosterone levels but minimal symptoms. Eleven trace elements (phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, arsenic, rubidium, strontium, molybdenum, and cesium) were identified as potential contributors to testosterone dynamics. Weighted quantile sum regression indicated that phosphorus, strontium, and molybdenum negatively influenced testosterone outcomes, whereas iron, sulfur, and zinc were beneficial. Conclusions: Serum trace element profiles are significantly associated with testosterone levels and symptom severity in young men. Targeted interventions may address testosterone decline and its implications. These findings may help develop tailored strategies for optimizing male health.

Oxidative stress (OS) affects testicular function and is a significant cause of sperm cell dysfunction in males. The development of male infertility is closely linked to a sedentary lifestyle and diet. This study aimed to characterize the protective effects of biotin supplementation (BS) and swimming training (ST) on OS markers in the reproductive system of male rats. Forty male rats (200-250 g) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 per group) and treated for 28 days as follows: control, BS (this group received BS through oral gavage), ST, and BS + ST groups. Our results showed that glutathione (GSH) levels significantly increased in the BS, ST (p < 0.05), and BS + ST (p < 0.01) groups, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly decreased in these experimental groups (p < 0.05 for all). Additionally, compared to the controls, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the BS and ST groups evidenced by a decrease in the levels of other biochemical parameters (cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). According to histological examination, the BS, ST, and BS + ST groups showed an improvement compared to the control group. In conclusion, BS had positive effects on biochemical parameters and antioxidant activity, and BS along with ST improved testicular function in male rats.

Background: Reduced bone mass and density, hallmark features of osteopenia and osteoporosis, significantly increase the risk of fractures, falls, and loss of mobility, especially in post-menopausal women and the elderly. Methods: This quantitative 7T MRI study examines the features of fibular bone thinning and bone mineral density loss (BMD) in 107 individuals (43F/64M) across various ages, body mass indices (BMIs), and ethnicities. Results: Women had significantly lower cross-sectional bone wall thickness (BT) and bone tissue area (BA), along with greater BMD loss compared to men in those over age 50 (n = 77), but not in the younger group (n = 30). The bone g-factor, defined as the ratio of inner-to-outer bone diameters, increased with bone thinning, bone marrow expansion (BME), and muscle fat infiltration (MFI) but was independent of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Bone thinning and BMD loss both tend to increase with BME and MFI. Additionally, bone density decrease correlated with bone mass loss, with a stronger association observed with BT than BA. Conclusions: These findings offer insights into the effects of aging and sex on skeletomuscular health, with implications for strategies to mitigate bone loss in osteoporosis and osteosarcopenia.

this study aimed to explore the effects of different intake levels (20-80%) of highland barley on the anti-fatigue capacity of ICR mice, focusing on energy metabolism, metabolite accumulation, oxidative stress, and changes in the gut microbiota.

male ICR mice were assigned to five groups: control (normal diet) and four experimental groups with highland barley supplementation at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of total dietary energy. Anti-fatigue performance was assessed by behavioral experiments (rotarod, running, and exhaustive swimming tests), biochemical markers, and gut microbiota analysis.

the results showed that moderate supplementation (20%) significantly enhanced exercise endurance and anti-fatigue capacity, as evidenced by increased liver glycogen (134.48%), muscle glycogen (87.75%), ATP content (92.07%), Na+-K+-ATPase activity (48.39%), and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (103.31%), catalase (87.75%), glutathione peroxidase (81.14%). Post-exercise accumulation of blood lactate, quadriceps muscle lactate, serum urea nitrogen, and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde was significantly reduced, with differences of 31.52%, 21.83%, 21.72%, and 33.76%, respectively. Additionally, 20% supplementation promoted the growth of beneficial gut microbiota associated with anti-fatigue effects, including unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, g_norank_f_Peptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, Colidextribacter, and Turicibacter. However, when intake reached 60% or more, anti-fatigue effects diminished, with decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, increased accumulation of metabolic waste, and a rise in potentially harmful microbiota (Allobaculum, Desulfovibrio, and norank_f_norank_o_RF39).

moderate highland barley supplementation (20% of total dietary energy) enhances anti-fatigue capacity, while excessive intake (≥60%) may have adverse effects.

In the present scenario, competitive sports require athletes to achieve a phenomenal balance between cognitive abilities, motor skills, nutritional intake, and energy deficiencies. Such stability would enable the athletes to excel in their sporting field. Evidence shows that athletes develop specific cognitive abilities based on their sporting field. Nutrition is vital in creating an athlete's cognitive ability and physical needs required to participate in competitive sports. The reduction in the intake of nutrients required before, after and during sports participation could result in relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S), affecting the parts of the body.

The rationale behind the survey is to understand the role of nutrition and energy deficiency on the athletes' cognitive abilities. The review's research areas were identified as athletes' cognition and nutrition in the context of RED-S. Search keywords were found based on the research area, such as "cognitive", "nutrition", and "energy deficiency/availability" in athletes. The search keywords were combined to form search queries (SQs). SQs were used to carry out the search on the Web of Science and Scopus databases.

Sports play an important role in athletes' cognitive abilities, such as decision-making, attention, memory, etc. Nutritional intakes, such as caffeinated, carbohydrate, alkaline, and protein-based supplements and diets, also significantly affect athletes' cognitive and motor abilities. Low energy availability (LEA) causes cognitive and physical health problems in both female and male athletes.

The review identified that nutrition and LEA play crucial roles in athletes' cognitive performance. Deficits in nutritional intake and energy availability lead to RED-S. Hence, cognitive performance could be used as an early indication to identify the nutritional and energy deficits in advance, enabling athletes to combat RED-S.

The widespread use of glucocorticoids in clinical practice may occasionally be complicated by hypokalemic paralysis. Previously, only a few cases of glucocorticoid-induced hypokalemic paralysis in healthy adults had been reported. Intriguingly, cases of B12-induced hypokalemia have previously been reported in patients with pernicious anemia. Recently, we experienced a case of hypokalemic paralysis in an adolescent following intramuscular injections of dexamethasone and vitamin B12. Upon exclusion of other causes, a presumptive diagnosis of glucocorticoid-induced hypokalemic paralysis, with a possible but uncertain contribution from B12 supplementation, was made for the patient. After potassium replacement therapy, the patient fully recovered and was discharged after five days. Although glucocorticoids are known to cause hypokalemia through mechanisms such as enhanced transcellular shift or renal excretion, the potential role of vitamin B12 in worsening this effect remains unclear. It is hypothesized that B12 supplementation under certain conditions could influence electrolyte balance and potentially amplify the hypokalemic effects of glucocorticoids. However, this hypothesis is based on a few cases, and further pathophysiological and clinical studies are needed to clarify whether B12 supplementation exacerbates hypokalemia induced by glucocorticoids or if the observation is coincidental or context-specific. Meanwhile, clinicians should be cautious when prescribing glucocorticoids, particularly in combination with B12 supplements. This includes ensuring that both are administered only when clinically indicated, monitoring vital signs and serum potassium levels in at-risk patients, and considering alternatives when appropriate.

Recent research emphasizes the importance of integrating psychological-emotional factors with nutrition and body composition in athletes. This study investigates the correlations between these aspects in 36 professional rugby players, aiming to identify relationships that could optimize sports performance and overall well-being.

The study sample included 36 male athletes (mean age: 24.4 ± 2.1 years, weight: 86.5 ± 7.1 kg, and height: 181.8 ± 5.7 cm). Four assessment tools were used: the Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) to evaluate quality of life, the Mediterranean diet adherence (MEDI-LITE), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and body composition measurements (stadiometer and BIVA). Statistical analyses, including the Shapiro-Wilk test, Pearson, and Spearman correlations, were conducted to explore relationships between the variables.

The athletes' mental and physical health was comparable to the general population (mean MCS = 50.5 ± 7.4, PCS = 49.6 ± 9.6). Mediterranean diet adherence was low (mean MEDI-LITE = 8.6 ± 2.6), while physical activity levels were high (mean IPAQ = 2560.5 ± 950.1). Body composition indicated overweight status (mean BMI = 26.15 ± 1.62 kg/m2, body fat = 22 ± 4.3%). Positive correlations were observed between mental health, diet adherence, and physical activity, with a stronger link between physical activity and body composition.

This study confirms a relationship between psychological-emotional factors, nutrition, and body composition in athletes, suggesting an integrated approach to optimize performance. However, causality remains unconfirmed, and the small sample size limits generalizability. Future research should include larger, more diverse samples to expand these findings.

Vitamin B12, a water-soluble essential micronutrient, plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes in the human body. This review meticulously examines the structural complexity and the diverse mechanisms through which vitamin B12 exerts its preventive effects against a spectrum of health conditions, including pernicious anaemia, neurological disorders, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and complications in foetal development. The selection of articles for this review was conducted through a systematic search across multiple scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Criteria for inclusion encompassed relevance to the biochemical impact of vitamin B12 on health, peer-reviewed status and publication within the last decade. Exclusion criteria were non-English articles and studies lacking empirical evidence. This stringent selection process ensured a comprehensive analysis of vitamin B12's multifaceted impact on health, covering its structure, bioavailable forms and mechanisms of action. Clinical studies highlighting its therapeutic potential, applications in food fortification and other utilizations are also discussed, underscoring the nutrient's versatility. This synthesis aims to provide a clear understanding of the integral role of vitamin B12 in maintaining human health and its potential in clinical and nutritional applications. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Consumption of pseudocereal-based foods decreased in phytate concentration can provide better nutrition concerning mineral bioavailability. This study aimed to evaluate the mineral bioavailability of quinoa sourdough-based snacks in a murine model. The mice were divided into five groups. One group was fed with basal snacks; three control groups received quinoa-based snacks made from non-fermented dough, dough without inoculum, and chemically acidified dough; and the test group (GF) received quinoa snacks elaborated from sourdough fermented by a phytase-positive strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL 1964. Food intake, body weight, and mineral concentration in blood and organs (liver, kidney, and femur) were determined.

Food consumption increased during the feeding period and had the highest (16.2-24.5%) consumption in the GF group. Body weight also increased during the 6-weeks of trial. The GF group showed higher (6.0-10.2%) body weight compared with the other groups from the fifth week. The concentrations of iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in blood, iron and phosphorus in the liver, manganese and magnesium in the kidney, and calcium and phosphorus in the femur increased significantly (1.1-2.7-fold) in the GF group compared to the control groups.

The diet that includes quinoa snacks elaborated with sourdough fermented by phytase-positive strain L. plantarum CRL 1964 increased the concentrations of minerals in the blood, liver, kidney, and femur of mice, counteracting the antinutritional effects of phytate. This study demonstrates that the diminution in phytate content and the consequent biofortification in minerals are a suitable tool for producing novel foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Alterations in energy metabolism may drive fatigue in older age, but prior research primarily focused on skeletal muscle energetics without assessing other systems, and utilized self-reported measures of fatigue. We tested the association between energy metabolism in the brain and an objective measure of fatigability in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (N=119, age 76.8±4.0 years, 59.7% women). Total brain cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) was measured using arterial spin labeling and T 2 -relaxation under spin tagging MRI protocols. Accelerometry-based fatigability status during a fast-paced 400m walk was determined using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Index (PPFI, higher=worse). Confounders included skeletal muscle energetics, measured in vivo using spectroscopy and ex vivo using respirometry, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2 peak), weight, medication count, and multimorbidity. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association (odds ratio (OR)) of CMRO 2 with PPFI>0 compared to the referent group PPFI=0. Models were first adjusted for age and sex, and further adjusted for confounders. In this sample, 41.2% had PPFI>0 (median 3.3% [0.4-8.0%]). CMRO 2 was positively associated with PPFI>0 (age and sex adjusted OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.45, p=0.03); adjustment for confounders attenuated the association. The positive association of brain energetics and fatigability warrants further study in older adults.

The complex relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and mental health, particularly depression, has become a focal point of contemporary research. This critical review examines how specific dietary components, such as fiber, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, shape the gut microbiome and influence microbial metabolism in order to regulate depressive outcomes. These dietary-induced changes in the gut microbiota can modulate the production of microbial metabolites, which play vital roles in gut-brain communication. The gut-brain axis facilitates this communication through neural, immune, and endocrine pathways. Alterations in microbial metabolites can influence central nervous system (CNS) functions by impacting neuroplasticity, inflammatory responses, and neurotransmitter levels-all of which are linked to the onset and course of depression. This review highlights recent findings linking dietary components with beneficial changes in gut microbiota composition and reduced depressive symptoms. We also explore the challenges of individual variability in responses to dietary interventions and the long-term sustainability of these strategies. The review underscores the necessity for further longitudinal and mechanistic studies to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which diet and gut microbiota interactions can be leveraged to mitigate depression, paving the way for personalized nutritional therapies.

Functional beverages are increasingly popular but it is important to validate their purported effects through research. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a new functional energy shot on cognitive performance and mood states in healthy adults, with a focus on measuring mental energy enhancement and attenuation of negative effects associated with extended performance of mentally demanding tasks.

This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Thirty-seven healthy males and females, aged 18-30 years, consumed a functional energy shot (Ryde: Energize) or placebo on separate testing occasions one-week apart. Participants completed cognitive and mood assessments pre-dose, and then 30 minutes post-dose over the course of approximately 2 hours. The functional energy shot contained caffeine, ginseng, vitamins and taurine, while the placebo shot was matched for flavor but did not contain these additional ingredients.

Use of the functional energy shot was associated with significant improvements over placebo in cognitive performance, as measured by the Cognitive Demand Battery, with enhanced global performance, task-specific accuracy and speed across repeated assessments. Additionally, the shot mitigated negative effects associated with extended cognitive tasks, reducing perceived mental fatigue and increasing perceived alertness and energy. Working memory tasks showed faster performance post-consumption, and mood assessments revealed positive effects on vigor, fatigue and overall mood disturbance.

These results indicate wide cognitive and mood effects of this functional energy shot, potentially attributable to synergistic combination of active ingredients.

clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT06384586.

Autism, with a global morbidity of approximately 0.6% annually, significantly burdens on families and society. A predominant characteristic among autistic children is intestinal dysfunction, generating nutrient absorption issues. This often causes vitamin and mineral deficiencies, which significantly impacts neurological development. To address this, we have developed a comprehensive nutritional supplement containing compound vitamins, minerals, and gut bacteria. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavioral effects of this supplement on autism rats. The supplement formulated in this study encompasses compound vitamins, minerals, and intestinal bacteria. The autism offspring model (VPA model) was established through intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate into pregnant rats. Behavioral assessments, gastrointestinal microbiota analysis, and brain development evaluations were conducted to assess the effects of the supplement on VPA offspring rats. A nutritional supplement enriched with vitamins (VB6, VB12, VC, VD, folic acid), minerals (calcium, magnesium), and bifidobacteria was prepared. Open field experiments demonstrated a 3-mo supplementation intervention effectively alleviated anxiety symptoms and enhanced curiosity levels in VPA offspring. The bead embedding experiment revealed the supplementation significantly improved stereotypical behaviors in VPA offspring. The nesting experiment showed a 3-mo supplementation intervention effectively enhanced cognitive abilities in VPA offspring rats. The three-box social experiment demonstrated the supplementation improved social novelty and tendency in VPA offspring. Analysis of gastrointestinal microbiota revealed the supplementation modulated the gut microbiome, promoting better nutrient absorption and overall health. Our findings suggest the comprehensive nutritional supplement, containing compound vitamins, minerals, and gut bacteria, effectively alleviates core symptoms of autism in rats. This study provides valuable insights into the potency of nutritional interventions in improving the quality of life for autistic individuals. Future research is warranted to further explore the mechanisms underlying these observed benefits and to assess the long-term effects of this supplement in larger clinical trials.

Diet is one of the most important external factor shaping the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health, including immune system development, nutrients metabolism, and the synthesis of bioactive molecules. In addition, the gut microbiome has been described as critical for the development of several mental disorders. Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field of research that may provide a link between diet, microbial function, and brain health. In this study, we have reviewed the influence of different diet types, such as Western, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and ketogenic, on the gut microbiota composition and function, and their implication in various neuropsychiatric and psychological disorders.

Healthcare professionals frequently experience significant work overload, which often leads to substantial physical and psychological stress. This stress is closely linked to increased oxidative stress and a corresponding decline in energy levels. This scoping review investigates the potential impact of dietary antioxidants and food supplements in conjunction with diet in controlling these negative effects. Through an analysis of the biochemical pathways involved in oxidative stress and energy metabolism, the paper emphasizes the effectiveness of targeted dietary interventions. Key dietary antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, polyphenols, and carotenoids, are evaluated for their ability to counteract oxidative stress and enhance energy levels. Additionally, the review assesses various food supplements, including omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and ginseng, and their mechanisms of action in energy enhancement. Practical guidelines for incorporating energy-boost dietary strategies into the routine of healthcare professionals are provided, emphasizing the importance of dietary modifications in reducing oxidative stress and improving overall well-being and performance in high-stress healthcare environments. The review concludes by suggesting directions for future research to validate these findings and to explore new dietary interventions that may further support healthcare professionals under work overload.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges related to feeding and nutritional management. Children with ASD often experience feeding difficulties, including food selectivity, refusal, and gastrointestinal issues. Various interventions have been explored to address these challenges, including dietary modifications, vitamin supplementation, feeding therapy, and behavioral interventions.

To provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on nutritional management in ASD. We examine the effectiveness of dietary interventions, vitamin supplements, feeding therapy, behavioral interventions, and mealtime practices in addressing the feeding challenges and nutritional needs of children with ASD.

We systematically searched relevant literature up to June 2024, using databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Studies were included if they investigated dietary interventions, nutritional supplements, or behavioral strategies to improve feeding behaviors in children with ASD. We assessed the quality of the studies and synthesized findings on the impact of various interventions on feeding difficulties and nutritional outcomes. Data extraction focused on intervention types, study designs, participant characteristics, outcomes measured, and intervention effectiveness.

The review identified 316 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The evidence indicates that while dietary interventions and nutritional supplements may offer benefits in managing specific symptoms or deficiencies, the effectiveness of these approaches varies. Feeding therapy and behavioral interventions, including gradual exposure and positive reinforcement, promise to improve food acceptance and mealtime behaviors. The findings also highlight the importance of creating supportive mealtime environments tailored to the sensory and behavioral needs of children with ASD.

Nutritional management for children with ASD requires a multifaceted approach that includes dietary modifications, supplementation, feeding therapy, and behavioral strategies. The review underscores the need for personalized interventions and further research to refine treatment protocols and improve outcomes. Collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, educators, and families are essential to optimize this population's nutritional health and feeding practices. Enhancing our understanding of intervention sustainability and long-term outcomes is essential for optimizing care and improving the quality of life for children with ASD and their families.

Folic acid also known as folate and vitamin B9 is of the class of B complex vitamins. It is crucial for homeostatic function of the biological system and is not endogenously produced. It is medically approved for the treatment of megaloblastic anemia. Neurological conditions describe a class of disease conditions that affect the brain, spinal cord and nerves impacting several important functions such as cognition, movement, emotion and sensation. They can arise from a number of causes which may include one or more of genetic factors, infections, injuries, toxins and degenerative process. Homocysteine, a neurotoxic amino acid converted by folic acid has been identified in the pathology of many neurological conditions while folic acid on the other hand has been investigated multiple times for its neuroprotective function and mechanism. Folic acid is involved in the neutralization of homocysteine to its nontoxic form. This article highlights some of the reports of the neuroprotective effect of folic acid against homocysteine toxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric conditions, fetal and neonatal neuronal health.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), known as chronic diseases, significantly impact patients' quality of life (QoL) and increase medical expenses. The majority of risk factors are modifiable, and metabolomics has been suggested as a promising strategy for their evaluation, though real-world data are scarce. This study evaluated the QoL improvement and cost-effectiveness of a metabolomics-based treatment for NCDs, aiming to restore metabolic dysfunctions and nutritional deficiencies.

We performed a pre-post intervention analysis using clinical, metabolomics, QoL and economic data obtained from the electronic health records of 765 patients visiting a private practice. The intervention consisted of personalised treatment to restore metabolic dysfunctions and nutritional deficiencies identified by metabolomics alongside the standard treatment for their condition. The mean intervention duration was 401 days.

Significant improvement was identified in energy levels, sleep quality, gastrointestinal function and physical activity (p<0.001). 67.9% of participants reported significant improvement in the overall QoL, and the average quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) increased by 0.064 (95% uncertainty interval 0.050 to 0.078) post-treatment. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated at €49.774/QALY (95% CI €40.110 to €61.433). Metabolic profiling demonstrated that 16/35 organic acids and 11/24 total fatty acids were significantly changed post-treatment (p<0.001), participating in key pathways such as energy metabolism, microbiome and neurotransmitter turnover. Vitamin D and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate insufficiency was significantly restored (p=0.036).

This is the first study providing evidence that the integration of metabolomics in clinical practice can have a clinical benefit for patients' QoL and may be a cost-effective method.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) reduces the health-related quality of life in the working-age population; however, studies have rarely investigated this group. A mixture of Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, Angelica gigas Nakai, and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (CAA) may be an effective anti-fatigue supplement. However, few clinical trials have explored the anti-fatigue effects of herbal medicines in human participants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the CAA herbal complex on muscle fatigue and endurance capacity in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

In an 8-week trial, 80 patients with chronic fatigue symptoms were randomly assigned to the CAA (43.5 ± 1.2 years) or placebo group (41.8 ± 1.3 years). Fatigue and cardiorespiratory endurance were measured at baseline, interim, and post-intervention. Fatigue-related blood biomarkers were assessed before and at the end of the intervention.

A significant improvement in overall fatigue scores was observed on the fatigue severity scale (p = 0.038), multidimensional fatigue inventory (p = 0.037), and 24-hour visual analog scale (p = 0.002) in the CAA group compared to those in the placebo group. Fatigue improvement was observed in the CAA group, as well as physiological variables, such as increased maximal exercise time to exhaustion (p = 0.003), distance until exhaustion (p = 0.003), and maximum oxygen consumption (p = 0.039).

CAA positively and significantly affected fatigue and cardiorespiratory endurance in patients with chronic fatigue, suggesting the potential use of herbal supplements for treating chronic fatigue.

Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS, https://cris.nih.go.kr/): KCT0005613.

Weight reduction is a common practice among female weightlifters before competitions to qualify for specific weight classes. However, this process can adversely affect their physical performance and health. This study aimed to investigate the impact of physiological and biochemical monitoring and nutritional support on the competitive state of female weightlifters during the pre-competition weight reduction period.

A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 28 female weightlifters from Sichuan Province, China, randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 14) or the control group (n = 14). Both groups followed their regular training schedules. The experimental group received personalized nutritional monitoring and supplementation, including detailed assessments, dietary logs, weekly consultations, and targeted supplements based on biochemical indicators and training needs. The control group continued with their standard diet and training without additional interventions. Serum indicators, fatigue scales, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were monitored (a total of 5 tests).

The experimental group exhibited a significant reduction in creatine kinase levels by the fourth week compared to both baseline and the first week (p < 0.05), and maintained higher levels of testosterone, testosterone/cortisol ratio, and hemoglobin than the control group from the second week onwards (p < 0.05). Conversely, the control group showed an increase in creatine kinase and a decrease in testosterone and testosterone/cortisol ratio over the same period (p < 0.05). By the fourth week, the experimental group also reported lower fatigue and better sleep quality, as indicated by lower PSQI scores, compared to the control group (p < 0.001).

Personalized nutritional supplementation has an improving effect on biochemical indicators, fatigue, and sleep quality in female weightlifters during the pre-competition weight reduction period. Implementing biochemical monitoring and personalized nutritional support during this period is a key strategy for enhancing the competitive performance of female weightlifters.

The increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders represents a challenge to the global health of all nations and populations, particularly with increasing longevity. Urgent prevention strategies are therefore needed, and one opportunity may be to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and brain health which has emerged as a promising strategy. Numerous studies indicate that dietary choices have a significant impact on cognitive function, memory and the risks of neurological disorders, recognizing the dynamic role of diet in maintaining cognitive abilities. One of the most studied dietary styles, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by healthy, plant-based foods fats and moderate consumption of animal products, has demonstrated its neuroprotective potential. Rich in antioxidants, vitamins and polyphenols, this diet shows consistent associations with cardiovascular health and cognitive function. Some less talked about foods, such as seaweed, blackcurrants, Lion's Mane mushroom and chia seeds, are emerging as potential brain health boosters. These and other new foods could enrich the Western diet making it capable of effectively preventing neurological disorders. Despite promising scientific data, difficulties persist in understanding the complex relationship between nutrition and brain health. Individual variability, long-term dietary adherence, comorbidities, and the need for rigorous clinical evidence pose obstacles. In this review, we would like to focus our attention on the future of brain-diets, which should involve accessible, personalized and evidence-based interventions, providing hope against the challenges posed by neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, as research progresses, more and more attention are being placed to brain health, promising a harmonious and resilient cognitive landscape for individuals and society.

Background/Objectives: A significant number of patients experience prolonged symptoms following COVID-19 in particular cases of fatigue. Yet, pathomechanisms of COVID-19-related fatigue remain unclear. Methods: This study investigated patients after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (PC) with relevant fatigue according to the Fatigue Assessment Scale (≥22 points) to rule out malnutrition as a driving factor for fatigue and to evaluate daily activity and sleep characteristics. Dietary behavior was recorded through food diaries and physical activity by self-reported (questionnaires) and objective (activity tracker) outcomes. Data were collected over a 7-day period and compared with a healthy control group (HC). A subgroup analysis of patients with fatigue and severe fatigue, as well as a sex-specific analysis, were included. Results: No significant differences in dietary intake were observed, but an indication toward a healthier Mediterranean diet in PC patients with a median Mediterranean Diet Score of 4 (IQR 3, 5) in HC vs. 5 (IQR 3, 6) in PC (p = 0.24). There were also no differences in physical activity, either by objective or subjective measures. However, the median sleep duration was 49 min longer in PC patients (p = 0.003). Conclusions: In conclusion, malnutrition did not significantly contribute to fatigue, yet patients with COVID-19-related fatigue showed increased sleep duration. As sleep characteristics play a crucial role in mental and physical wellbeing, the association of sleep, physical activity, and fatigue should be evaluated in further studies.

Vitamin/mineral supplements (VMS) and vitamin/mineral and/or dietary supplements (VMDS) are commonly consumed, based on the belief of their invigorating properties. Still, the association of VMS/VMDS with fatigue in the general population remains sparse and conclusions are mixed. This study aimed to understand the association between VMS/VMDS and fatigue.

Two cross-sectional studies (2014-2017 and 2018-2021) conducted on a population-based cohort. Participants were divided into VMS/VMDS users and non-users. Fatigue levels were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the 14-item version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS).

Overall, 2084 (50.8 % female, 61.7 ± 9.8 years) and 1728 (51.0 % female, 64.1 ± 9.3 years) were included in the first and second surveys, respectively. In the first survey, after multivariable analysis, no association was found between VMS use and FSS: adjusted mean ± sem 3.04 ± 0.13 vs. 2.82 ± 0.03 for users and non-users, respectively, p = 0.083, while users scored higher in the CFS: 6.17 ± 0.22 vs. 5.72 ± 0.06 for users and non-users, respectively, p = 0.048. In the second survey, no association was found between VMS use and FSS (2.83 ± 0.19 vs. 2.84 ± 0.03, p = 0.952) and CFS (5.38 ± 0.33 vs. 5.61 ± 0.06, p = 0.504). In the first survey, VMDS users scored higher in both FSS (3.03 ± 0.06 vs. 2.76 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) and CFS (6.19 ± 0.11 vs. 5.58 ± 0.06, p < 0.001) while no differences were found in the second survey in both FSS (2.93 ± 0.07 vs. 2.81 ± 0.04, p = 0.161) and CFS (5.78 ± 0.12 vs. 5.54 ± 0.07, p = 0.088).

In this population-based cross-sectional study, the authors found no consistent association between VMS consumption and fatigue. Participants taking VMDS tended to present with higher fatigue scores.

This pilot study evaluated the impact of pistachio consumption on cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults. Pistachios were characterized (chemical and nutraceutical), and a baseline-final, uncontrolled nutritional intervention was performed (28 g of pistachio/28 days). Psychometric tests were applied to estimate cognitive performance and mood; anthropometric evaluation, biochemical analysis, and plasma antioxidant activity were included. The main component of nuts was lipids (48.1%). Pistachios consumption significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced waist circumference (-1.47 cm), total cholesterol (-10.21 mg/dL), LDL (-6.57 mg/dL), and triglycerides (-21.07 mg/dL), and increased plasma antioxidant activity. Pistachio supplementation improved risk tolerance (p ≤ 0.006) and decision-making strategy (p ≤ 0.002; BART-task), executive functions (BCST-task; p ≤ 0.006), and selective and sustained attention (Go/No-Go-test; p ≤ 0.016). The mood state was positively modulated (p ≤ 0.05) for anxiety, anger-hostility, and sadness-depression. These results show for the first time the benefits of pistachio consumption on cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults.

Given the general increase in legume consumption worldwide, there is a need to characterize the resulting human metabolic adaptations in order to demonstrate potential legume diet/health relationships. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics urine study was carried out on a small cohort (n = 18) to characterize the excretory effects of a pilot longitudinal 8-week legume-based dietary intervention. Despite the expected high interindividual variability in the excreted metabolome, the results suggested a nonlinear metabolic response, with higher metabolic activity in the first 4 weeks and a tendency toward baseline at the end of the intervention. The excretion of isoleucine, leucine, and threonine increased, along with metabolite changes suggestive of activation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (through anaplerosis), ketogenesis, fat catabolism, and glycoprotein biosynthesis. Gut microbiota adaptations were also suggested based on the increased excretion of 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, allantoin, and hippurate. Increased levels of trigonelline were consistent with its role as a legume intake marker, whereas malonate and pseudouridine were suggested as possible additional markers. Correlation of NMR data with nutritional parameters aided putative explanatory hypotheses to be advanced. Our results suggest a dynamic response to legume consumption, mainly through increased amino acid excretion and altered energy metabolism, while advancing potential new markers of legume intake. These results require confirmation in larger cohorts but pave the way for an informed interpretation of the effects of legume-based diets on human health.

Fatigue is a major issue that affects women during the postpartum period. A healthy dietary pattern and increased physical activity (PA) are commonly recommended lifestyle modifications to promote health during this time. However, little is known about the interrelationship between dairy product intake, PA level, and postpartum fatigue (PPF) among women. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PPF is associated with dairy product intake in relation to PA level.

A total of 242 women were included in this cross-sectional study. Data related to dairy product intake and PA were collected using a food frequency questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, respectively. PPF was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between the intake of dairy products and PPF among women engaged in low, moderate, and high levels of PA while controlling for potential confounders.

Higher consumption rates of yogurt and total dairy predicted lower odds of PPF in women engaged in moderate levels of PA (aOR = 0.24 [95% CI = 0.07, 0.86] and 0.70 [95% CI = 0.53, 0.93], respectively). In women engaged in high levels of PA, lower odds of experiencing PPF were predicted by higher consumption rates of milk (aOR = 0.24 [95% CI = 0.07, 0.89]), yogurt (aOR = 0.21 [95% CI = 0.05, 0.83]), laban (aOR = 0.16 [95% CI = 0.03, 0.86]), and total dairy (aOR = 0.66 [95% CI = 0.47, 0.92]). However, no association was observed between dairy product intake and PPF in women with low levels of PA.

Higher consumption rates of dairy products were associated with lower odds for experiencing PPF, particularly for women engaged in moderate to high levels of PA. These findings support nutritional and PA promotion programs to moderate issues with PPF. However, the cross-sectional design of this study could limit the ability to infer causality between dairy intake, PA, and PPF. Further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.

The folate-driven one-carbon (1C) cycle plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of depression. This study aimed to examine the potential of important molecules of the folate-driven 1C cycle as biomarkers for depressive tendency.

Ninety-five serum samples from older adults (age >60 years) were collected for this study. We quantified the concentrations of key metabolites and coenzymes of the folate-driven 1C cycle using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and familiar clinical liver and kidney indicators in serum. Based on the differences in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)-17 scores, we compared the concentrations of measured molecules between elderly individuals with low and high levels of depression defined as HAMD-17 scores of 0-7 and 8-24, respectively. We also analyzed the concentration ranges of these molecules reflecting the level of depressive tendencies in the cohort.

Our results showed significant variations in serum folate concentrations, SAM (S-adenosylmethionine), TBA (total bile acid), and SAM/SAH (S-enosylhomocysteine) ratios in elderly individuals with different HAMD-17 scores. Serum folate concentrations below 15.5 nmol/L and SAM/SAH ratios below 13.0 exhibited elevated levels of depressive tendency experienced among the participants.

The concentrations of serum folate, SAM, TBA, and SAM/SAH ratios might be used as indicators of depressive tendencies in the elderly population. A serum folate concentration of 15.5 nmol/L and a SAM/SAH ratio of 13.0 might be critical thresholds for indicating depressive tendencies in the Chinese elderly population.

Background: Prediabetes has become a global health issue, and currently, the relationship between vitamin levels and mortality in prediabetes remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between the levels of eleven vitamins and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in prediabetes patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 14 634 prediabetes patients from 10 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2018. Mortality and underlying causes of death were determined by linking records from the National Death Index until December 31, 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were established to assess hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause, CVD, cancer, and other mortalities. Restricted cubic splines were used to visualize non-linear associations between various vitamins and mortality risk. Results: During the follow-up period, 2316/14 634 prediabetes patients died (12.55%), with 722 deaths (3.68%) attributed to CVD. After multivariable adjustment, vitamin B1, niacin, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin K levels exhibited non-linear associations with all-cause mortality (all p < 0.05). Vitamin B1, niacin, and vitamin E levels showed non-linear associations with CVD mortality (p < 0.05). Vitamin B6 exhibited a linear negative association with all-cause, CVD, and other mortalities (p > 0.05). However, vitamins A and B2 levels were not significantly associated with mortality rates (all p > 0.05). Consistent results were observed in the subgroup analyses after complete adjustment for variables. Conclusions: Higher levels of dietary vitamins B1, B6, niacin, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin K were significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in patients with prediabetes. There was no association between vitamin A and B2 levels and all-cause and CVD mortality among individuals with prediabetes. These findings suggest the importance of correcting vitamin deficiencies to prevent mortality in prediabetes patients.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic syndrome of unknown etiology, although many studies point to inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered mitochondrial metabolism as some of the cornerstones of this disease. Despite its socioeconomic importance and due to the difficulties in diagnosis, there are no effective treatments. However, the use of non-drug treatments is increasingly becoming a recommended strategy. In this context, the effects of supplementation of FM patients with an olive (poly)phenol, vitamin C, and vitamin B preparation were investigated in this work, analyzing complete blood count, biochemical, lipid, and coagulation profiles, and inflammation and oxidation status in blood samples. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the etiology of FM, a proteomic study was also performed to investigate the mechanisms of action of the supplement. Our results show that the nutraceutical lowers the lipid profile, namely cholesterol, and improves the oxidative status of patients as well as their quality of life, suggesting that this product could be beneficial in the co-treatment of FM. ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT06348537).

Over the course of several decades, anticancer treatment with chemotherapy drugs for lung cancer has not changed significantly. Unfortunately, this treatment prolongs the patient's life only by a few months, causing many side effects in the human body. It has also been proven that drugs such as Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin and others can react with other substances containing an aromatic ring in which the nitrogen atom has a free electron group in its structure. Thus, such structures may have a competitive effect on the nucleobases of DNA. Therefore, scientists are looking not only for new drugs, but also for new alternative ways of delivering the drug to the cancer site. Nanotechnology seems to be a great hope in this matter. Creating a new nanomedicine would reduce the dose of the drug to an absolute minimum, and thus limit the toxic effect of the drug; it would allow for the exclusion of interactions with competitive compounds with a structure similar to nucleobases; it would also permit using the so-called targeted treatment and bypassing healthy cells; it would allow for the introduction of other treatment options, such as radiotherapy directly to the cancer site; and it would provide diagnostic possibilities. This article is a review that aims to systematize the knowledge regarding the anticancer treatment of lung cancer, but not only. It shows the clear possibility of interactions of chemotherapeutics with compounds competitive to the nitrogenous bases of DNA. It also shows the possibilities of using nanostructures as potential Platinum drug carriers, and proves that nanomedicine can easily become a new medicinal product in personalized medicine.

It is well known that during prolonged, high-intensity physical training, athletes experience a state of immunosuppression and that balanced nutrition can help maintain immunity. This review summarizes the effects (amplified by virus infection) of high-intensity, long-term exercise on immunity, critically presenting key micronutrients and supplementation strategies that can influence athletes' performance and their immune system. The main conclusion is that micronutrient supplementation with diet could help to protect the immune system from the stress effects induced by intense physical activities. The importance of personalized supplementation has been also recommended.

Photosynthetic carbon sequestration and microbial carbon metabolism are major processes of algae-bacteria interactions, affecting pollutant degradation as well as fundamental biogeochemical cycles in aquatic systems. Human-induced land-use changes greatly alter the molecular composition and input of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) in inland lakes. However, how the origin of DOM leads to varying effects on phycosphere microbial communities or molecular composition of DOM, e.g., via carbon metabolism, has been little studied in freshwater. Here, we incubated the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and a bacterial community from natural lakes to establish an alga-bacteria model system. This allowed us to investigate how DOM from different sources affects phycosphere microbial diversity and DOM diversification. We showed that Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) and cropland lake DOM promote algal growth, whereas DOM from an urban lake inhibits algal growth. Algal metabolites and DOM together shaped the chemotaxis response of phycosphere communities. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that DOM chemo-diversity tended to become uniform after interactions of diverse DOM sources with the algae-bacteria symbiosis system. Molecular thermodynamic analysis of DOM based on a substrate-explicit model further verified that microbial interactions render DOM less bioavailable and thus increase recalcitrant DOM formation. Metabolome analysis uncovered that DOM addition intensifies metabolic pathways related to labile and recalcitrant DOM utilization (mainly lignin/carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecule (CRAM)-like DOM, unsaturated hydrocarbon), whereby cofactor and vitamin metabolism represented an extremely strong activity in all metabolic pathways. Our results highlight covariation and interactions of DOM with microbial metabolism at the molecular level and expands our understanding of microbially mediated DOM shaping aquatic carbon cycling.

Nutritional support has been identified as a potential intervention for cognitive frailty; however, the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D], vitamin B12, and cognitive frailty remains ambiguous.

This study utilized data from two cycles (2011-2012, 2013-2014) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate this relationship. The researchers constructed a 41-item frailty index encompassing diverse aspects of physical functioning, psychological evaluation, and medical conditions, and evaluated each participant individually. The study utilized Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and univariate ordered logistic regression to assess the relationships between variables and cognitive frailty. Recursive feature elimination and cross-validation methods were employed to identify the most influential variables for building and optimizing multivariate ordered logistic regression models. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were further conducted to validate the identified correlations.

The findings of this study confirm a negative linear correlation between 25-(OH)D levels and cognitive frailty in older adults. Specifically, a one-unit increase in 25-(OH)D levels was associated with a 12% reduction in the risk of cognitive frailty. The result was further supported by subgroup analyses and interaction tests.

The existence of a negatively correlated linear association between 25-(OH)D levels and cognitive frailty in older adults is plausible, but further rigorously designed longitudinal studies are necessary to validate this relationship.

Evidence assessing the relationship between chronotype and disordered eating in adolescents is scarce. The current study tried to evaluate the association between chronotype and disordered eating in a sample of Spanish adolescents.

This secondary cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study. The sample consisted of 703 adolescents (56.3% girls) aged between 12 and 17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain). Chronotype was assessed using the Morningness/Eveningness Scale in Children (MESC). Disordered eating was evaluated by two psychologists using the Sick, Control, One, Fat, and Food (SCOFF) questionnaire.

Adolescents with an eveningness chronotype showed a higher SCOFF score (estimated marginal mean [M] = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7 to 1.5) in comparison with adolescents with a morningness chronotype (M = 0.7; 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8) (p = 0.010), as well as with those with an intermediate chronotype (M = 0.6; 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8) (p = 0.032). A higher predictive probability of having disordered eating was identified in adolescents with an eveningness chronotype (39.5%; 95% CI 22.8% to 59.1%), compared to adolescents with an intermediate chronotype (14.9%; 95% CI 10.8% to 20.1%) (p = 0.008) and with their counterparts with a morningness chronotype (16.9%; 95% CI 11.6% to 24.0%) (p = 0.021).

This study reveals that adolescents with an eveningness chronotype are more likely to exhibit disordered eating behaviors compared to those with morningness or intermediate chronotypes. These findings highlight the importance of considering chronotype in adolescent health, particularly in developing targeted interventions to prevent eating disorders.

Tinnitus is the phantom perception of sound in the ears or head which may result from inflammation of the auditory pathway. A healthy diet consisting of a range of vitamins and minerals may be protective against tinnitus. This study aims to determine the association between intakes of dietary vitamins and minerals and the prevalence and incidence of tinnitus over 10 years.

In this longitudinal cohort study of 2947 participants (aged ≥ 50 years), 935 (32%) cases of tinnitus were identified and included in prevalence analyses. The remaining 2012 participants were followed to establish 10-year incidence of tinnitus. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine intakes of dietary vitamins and minerals.

No significant associations with tinnitus prevalence were found. However, iron and zinc were significantly associated with incident tinnitus. There was a 44% (multivariate-adjusted HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07-1.93) increased risk of developing incident tinnitus over 10 years with lower zinc intakes and a 35% increased risk with lower iron intakes (multivariate-adjusted HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00-1.80).

Higher intakes of zinc and iron were significantly associated with lower tinnitus risk. Due to a lack of comparable high-quality data, future research studies should include robust study designs.

The Food Resource Equity for Sustainable Health (FRESH) study started as a tribe community-based nutrition education program in 2018, implemented with children and parents in Osage Nation. The purpose of the FRESH study is to examine the effects of a farm-to-school family intervention on diet. The FRESH study did not directly intervene on adult caregiver participants' diet, and, as far as we know, it is the first of its kind to implement a farm-to-school intervention in rural/tribally owned Early Childhood Education. Two communities received intervention and two served as wait-list controls. Outcomes included diet and other secondary health outcomes including vitamin and mineral intake. There were 193 children (n = 106 intervention; n = 87 control) and 170 adults (n = 93 intervention; n = 77 control) enrolled. Among adult caregiver participants, carbohydrate, cholesterol, and caffeine intake significantly decreased after the intervention (p < 0.05). There is a hidden hunger issue among caregivers in Native American populations. The family-based nutritional intervention, which includes educational components for caregivers, might have some effect on improving micronutrient status. Future studies focusing on key micronutrients through efficient methods are warranted.